07年高考真題-英語(yǔ)(北京卷)詳細(xì)解析

絕密★啟用前2017年普通高等學(xué)校全國(guó)招生統(tǒng)一考試（北京卷）英語(yǔ)本試卷共16頁(yè)，共150分?？荚嚂r(shí)長(zhǎng)120分鐘?？忌鷦?wù)必將答案答在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無(wú)效?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分：聽(tīng)力理解(共三節(jié)，30分)第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分7.5分） 聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話(huà)。每段對(duì)話(huà)后有一道小題，從每題所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話(huà)后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話(huà)你將聽(tīng)一遍。例：Whatisthemangoingtoread? A．Anewspaper. B．Amagazine. C．Abook.答案是A。1．Whenwillthefilmstart? A．At5:00. B．At6:00. C．At7:00.2．Whichclubwillthemanjoin? A．Thefilmclub. B．Thetravelclub. C．Thesportsclub.3．Whatwastheweatherlikeinthemountainsyesterday? A．Sunny. B．Windy. C．Snowy.4．Whatdoesthemanwanttocutoutofpaper? A．Afish. B．Abird. C．Amonkey.5．Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace? A．Inalibrary. B．Atabookstore. C．Inamuseum.第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，15分）聽(tīng)下面4段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白后有幾道小題，從每題所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白前，你將有5秒鐘的時(shí)間閱讀每小題。聽(tīng)完后，每小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白你將聽(tīng)兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6至7題。6．Whydoesthewomanmakethecall? A．Tomakeaninvitation. B．Toaskforinformation. C．Todiscussaholidayplan.7．Howmuchdoesthewomanneedtopayfortheminibus? A．$50. B．$150. C．$350.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8至9題。8.Whatarethetwosperkersmainlytalkingabout? A.Electronicwaste.B.Soilpollution.C.Recylingbenefits.9.Whatdoesthewomandecidetodowithhercellphoneintheend? A.Throwitaway.B.Keepitathome.C.Sellittoberecycled.聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Whatisthepossiblerelationshipbetweenthetwosperkers? A.Friends.B.Wifeandhusband. C.Businesspartners.11.Wheredoesthewomanworknow? A.Inaschool.B.Inarestaurant. C.Inatravelagency.12.Whatarethetwosperkersgoingtodo? A.Totakeatrip.B.Tohaveacoffee. C.Toattendameeting.聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第13至15題。13.Whathasbeenimprovedaccordingtothespeaker? A.Thetrainstation. B.Thebusservice.C.Theparkinglot.14.Howdoesthespeakergettoherofficetoday? A.Bybusandonfoot. B.Bytrainandbybus.C.Bytrainandonfoot.15.Whoisthespeaker? A.Areporter. B.Apoliceman. C.Aphotographer.第三節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，共7.5分）聽(tīng)下面一段對(duì)話(huà)，完成第16至20五道小題，每小題僅填寫(xiě)一個(gè)詞。聽(tīng)對(duì)話(huà)前，你將有20秒鐘的時(shí)間閱讀試題，聽(tīng)完后你將有60秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。這段對(duì)話(huà)你將聽(tīng)兩遍。Pick-upAppointmentFormItem（物品）A16andsomemagazinesDestinationOverseasto17Delivery?Air□RegularTimetopickup5:0018afternoonPackingAmediumboxCustomer'sinformationMr.Hudson1989Street,Chicago,20Tel:41597861-5CBCBA6-10BBACA11-15CBACA16.dictionary17.Italy18.Monday/Mon.19.Acket/ACKET20.15374第二部分：知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，45分）第一節(jié)單項(xiàng)填空（共15小題；每小題1分，共15分）從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。例：It’ssonicetohearfromheragain,________,welastmetmorethanthirtyyearsago. A.What’smore B.That’stosay C.Inotherwords D.Believeitornot 答案是D。21.Samuel,thetallestboyinourclass,______easilyreachthebooksonthetopshelf. A.must B.should C.can D.need【答案】C【解析】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：Samuel，我們班最高的男生，能很輕松地夠著書(shū)架頂上的書(shū)。表示能力，用can。22.—Peter,pleasesenduspostcards______we’llknowwhereyouhavevisited.—Noproblem. A.but B.or C.for D.so【答案】D【解析】考查連詞。上半句句意：Peter，請(qǐng)給我們寄明信片，因此我們就會(huì)知道你們?nèi)ツ挠斡[過(guò)。前后因果關(guān)系，用so。23.Everyyear,______makesthemostbeautifulkitewillwinaprizeintheKiteFestival. A.whatever B.whoever C.whomever D.whichever【答案】B【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：每年，任何一個(gè)做出最漂亮的風(fēng)箏的人將會(huì)在風(fēng)箏節(jié)獲獎(jiǎng)。_____makesthemostbeautifulkite是主語(yǔ)從句，根據(jù)意思可知答案。24.—______thatcompanytoseehowtheythinkofourproductyesterday?—Yes.Theyarehappywithit. A.DidyoucallB.Haveyoucalled C.Willyoucall D.Wereyoucalling【答案】A【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：你昨天有沒(méi)有給那家公司打電話(huà)問(wèn)問(wèn)他們對(duì)我們的產(chǎn)品感覺(jué)怎么樣？發(fā)生在過(guò)去，用過(guò)去式，故選A。25.______birdsusetheirfeathersforflight,someoftheirfeathersareforotherpurposes. A.Once B.If C.Although D.Because【答案】C26.Janemovedaimlesslydownthetree-linedstreet,notknowing______shewasheading. A.why B.where C.how D.when【答案】B【解析】考查連詞。句意：Jane漫無(wú)目的地走在兩旁栽樹(shù)的街道上，不知道她將去往何方，根據(jù)句意可知選B。27.Manyairlinesnowallowpassengerstoprinttheirboardingpassesonline______theirvaluabletime. A.save B.saving C.tosave D.saved【答案】C【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：許多航空公司現(xiàn)在允許乘客網(wǎng)上打印他們的登機(jī)牌來(lái)節(jié)省時(shí)間。動(dòng)詞不定式表目的，選C。28.Ifyoudon’tunderstandsomething,youmayresearch,study,andtalktootherpeople_______youfigureitout. A.because B.though C.until D.since【答案】C【解析】考查連詞。句意：如果你無(wú)法理解某個(gè)東西，你可能會(huì)研究，學(xué)習(xí)和他人探討直到你解決為止。根據(jù)句意可知選C。29.Inthe1950sintheUSA,mostfamilieshadjustonephoneathome,andwirelessphones_______yet. A.haven’tinvented B.haven’tbeeninvented C.hadn’tinvented D.hadn’tbeeninvented【答案】D【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：在美國(guó)20世紀(jì)50年代的時(shí)候，大多數(shù)的家庭家里只有一部電話(huà)，并且無(wú)線(xiàn)電話(huà)還根本沒(méi)有發(fā)明出來(lái)。根據(jù)句意可知用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，排除A和C，事情發(fā)生在過(guò)去，與現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān)，排除B，故選D。KS5U30.Thenationalparkhasalargecollectionofwildlife,_________frombutterfliestoelephants. A.ranging B.range C.torange D.ranged【答案】A31.Thelittleproblems______wemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions. A.that B.as C.where D.when【答案】A【解析】考查關(guān)系詞。句意：我們?cè)谌粘Ｉ钪杏龅降男?wèn)題可能就是偉大發(fā)明的靈感。此句是定語(yǔ)從句，從句缺少賓語(yǔ)，先行詞是problems，用that。32.Jimhasretired,buthestillrememberthehappytime_______withhisstudents. A.tospend B.spend C.spending D.spent【答案】D【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：Jim已經(jīng)退休了，但是他依然記得和學(xué)生一起度過(guò)的快樂(lè)時(shí)光。句子已經(jīng)有謂語(yǔ)了，邏輯主語(yǔ)time和spend之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞。33.People______betteraccesstohealthcarethantheyusedto,andthey’relivinglongerasaresult.A.willhave B.have C.had D.hadhad【答案】B【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：人們有著比過(guò)去更好的醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)，因此他們更長(zhǎng)壽。與過(guò)去對(duì)比是現(xiàn)在，而且后一句用的就是現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，故前面也用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，故選B。34.Ifthenewsafetysystem_______touse,theaccidentwouldneverhavehappened. A.hadbeenput B.wereput C.shouldbeput D.wouldbeput【答案】A35.Manypeoplewholivealongthecoastmakealiving_______fishingindustry. A.at B.in C.on D.by【答案】B【解析】考查介詞。句意：許多住在海邊上的人都是靠漁業(yè)來(lái)謀生的。此處用介詞in。makealivinginfishingindustry“靠漁業(yè)謀生”。第二節(jié)完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，共30分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。HannahTaylorisaschoolgirlfromManitoba,Canada.Oneday,whenshewasfiveyearsold,shewaswalkingwithhermotherindowntownWinnipeg.Theysawaman36outofagarbagecan.Sheaskedhermotherwhyhedidthatandhermothersaidthatthemanwashomelessandhungry.Hannahwasvery37.Shecouldn'tunderstandwhysomepeoplehadtolivetheirliveswithoutshelterorenoughfood.Hannahstartedtothinkabouthowshecould38,but,ofcourse,thereisnotalotonefive-year-oldcandotosolve(解決)theproblemofhomelessness.Later,whenHannahattendedschool,shesawanotherhomelessperson.Itwasawoman,39anoldshoppingtrolley（購(gòu)物車(chē)）whichwaspiledwith40.Itseemedthateverythingthewomanownedwasinthem.ThismadeHannahverysad,andevenmore41todosomething.Shehadbeentalkingtohermotheraboutthelivesofhomelesspeople42theyfirstsawthehomelessman.Hermothertoldherthatifshedidsomethingtochangetheproblemthatmadehersad,shewouldn’t43asbad.HannahbegantospeakoutaboutthehomelessnessinManitobaandtheninotherprovinces.Shehopedto44hermessageofhopeandawareness.ShestartedtheLadybugFoudation,anorganizationaimingatgettingridofhomelessness.Shebeganto45“BigBosses”lunches,whereshewouldtrytopersuadelocalbusinessleadersto46tothecause.Shealsoorganizedafundraising(募捐)drivein“LadybugJars”tocollecteveryone`ssparechangeduring“MakeChange”month.Morerecently,thefoundationbegananother47calledNationalRedScarfDay—adaywhenpeopledonate$20andwearredscarvesinsupportofCanada`s48andhomeless.ThereisanemergencyshelterinWinnipegcalled“Hannah`sPlace”,somethingthatHannahisvery49of.Hannah`sPlaceisdividedintoseveralareas,providingshelterforpeoplewhenitissocoldthat50outdoorscanmeandeath.InthemorethanfiveyearssinceHannahbeganheractivities,shehasreceivedalotof51.Forexample,shereceivedthe2007BRICKAwardrecognizingthe52ofyoungpeopletochangetheworld.But53allthis,Hannahstillhasthe54lifeofaWinnipegschoolgirl,exceptthatshepaysregularvisitstohomelesspeople.Hannahisoneofmanyexamplesofyoungpeoplewhoaremakinga55intheworld.Youcan,too!36.A.jumping B.eating C.crying D.waving37.A.annoyed B.nervous C.ashamed D.upset38.A.behave B.manage C.help D.work39.A.pushing B.carrying C.buying D.holding40.A.goods B.bottles C.foods D.bags41.A.excited B.determined C.energetic D.grateful42.A.since B.unless C.although D.as43.A.sound B.get C.feel D.look44.A.exchange B.leave C.keep D.spread45.A.sell B.deliver C.host D.pack46.A.contribute B.lead C.apply D.agree47.A.campaign B.trip C.procedure D.trial48.A.elderly B.hungry C.lonely D.sick49.A.aware B.afraid C.proud D.sure50A.going B.sleeping C.traveling D.playing51.A.praises B.invitations C.replies D.appointments52.A.needs B.interests C.dreams D.efforts53.A.for B.through C.besides D.along54.A.healthy B.public C.normal D.tough55.A.choice B.profit C.judgement D.difference【答案】36-40BDCAD 41-45BACDC 46-50AABCB 51-55ADBCD【解析】【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文講述HannahTaylor通過(guò)自己的努力來(lái)建立公益組織籌集資金幫助那些無(wú)家可歸忍饑挨餓的人。39.考查動(dòng)詞。A.pushing推；B.carrying 拿；C.buying買(mǎi)；D.holding握。購(gòu)物車(chē)肯定是推著的，故選A。40.考查名詞。A.goods 貨物；B.bottles瓶子；C.foods 食物；D.bags包。車(chē)上堆滿(mǎn)了包，選D。41.考查形容詞。A.excited 激動(dòng)的；B.determined下決心的；C.energetic精力充沛的；D.grateful感激的。她更加下定決心做些事幫助這些人，故選B。42.考查連詞。A.since 自從；B.unless除非；C.although盡管；D.as因?yàn)?。此處是指自從他們第一次看到無(wú)家可歸的人，選A。KS5U43.考查動(dòng)詞。A.sound 聽(tīng)；B.get獲得；C.feel感覺(jué)；D.look看。她就不會(huì)和以前一樣感覺(jué)那么糟糕了，故選C。44.考查動(dòng)詞。A.exchange交換；B.leave 離開(kāi)；C.keep保持；D.spread傳播。她希望她的希望和意識(shí)的信息能夠傳播開(kāi)來(lái)。故選D。45.考查動(dòng)詞。由語(yǔ)境可知她希望信息能夠傳播開(kāi)來(lái)。spread傳播。46.考查動(dòng)詞。A.contribute 貢獻(xiàn)，捐獻(xiàn)；B.lead領(lǐng)導(dǎo)；C.apply 申請(qǐng)，應(yīng)用；D.agree同意。她試圖勸說(shuō)那些領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能為這個(gè)事業(yè)做出奉獻(xiàn)，選A。47.48.考查形容詞。A.elderly 年紀(jì)大的；B.hungry饑餓的；C.lonely孤獨(dú)的；D.sick生病的。此處是指為那些饑餓的人和無(wú)家可歸的人，選B。49.考查形容詞。A.aware意識(shí)的；B.afraid害怕的；C.proud驕傲的；D.sure肯定的。此處是指Hannah非常驕傲的東西，故選C。50.考查動(dòng)詞。A.going 去；B.sleeping睡； C.traveling旅行；D.playing玩。當(dāng)天冷到在室外睡覺(jué)就意味著死的時(shí)候，故選B。51.考查名詞。A.praises贊美；B.invitations邀請(qǐng)；C.replies回復(fù)；D.appointments約會(huì)。她收到了很多的贊美。因?yàn)橄挛挠羞@方面的舉例，答案為A。第三部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，共30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AItwasacoldMarchdayinHighPoint,NorthCarolina.ThegirlsontheWesleyanAcademysoftballwerewaitingfortheirnextturnsatbatduringpractice,stampingtheirfeettostaywarm,Eighth-graderTaylorBisbeeshivered(發(fā)抖)alittleasshewatchedherteammateParisWhiteplay.Thetwodidn’tknoweachotherwell—Taylorhadjustmovedtotownamonthorsobefore.Suddenly,Parisfelltotheground,“Paris’seyerolledback,”Taylorsays.“Shestartedshaking.Iknewitwasanemergency.”Itcertainlywas,Parishadsufferedasuddenheartfailure.Withoutimmediatemedicalcare,Pariswoulddie.Atfirstnoonemoved.Thegirlswereinshock.Thenthesoftballcoachshoutedout,“DoesanyoneknowCPR?”CPRisalife-savingtechnique.TodoCPR,youpressonthesickperson’schestsothatbloodmovesthroughthebodyandtakesoxygentoorgans.Withoutoxygenthebrainisdamagingquickly.Amazingly,TaylorhadjusttakenaCPRcoursethedaybefore.Still,shehesitated.Shedidn’tthinksheknewitwellenough.Butwhennooneelsecameforward,TaylorrantoParisandbegandoingCPR,“Itwasscary.Iknewitwasthedifferencebetweenlifeanddeath,”saysTaylor.Taylor’sswiftactionhelpedherteammatescalmdown.Onegirlcalled911.Twomorerantogettheschoolnurse,whobroughtadefibrillator,anelectronicdevices(器械)thatcanshocktheheartbackintowork.Luckstayedwiththem:Paris’heartbeatreturned.“IknowIwasreallylucky,”P(pán)arissaysnow.“Mostpeopledon’tsurvivethis.Myteamsavedmylife.”ExpertssayParisisright:Forasuddenheartfailure,thesinglebestchanceforsurvivalishavingsomeonenearbystepinanddoCPRquickly.Today,Parisisbackonthesoftballteam.Taylorwillapplytocollegesoon.Shewantstobeanurse.“Ifeelmoreconfidentinmyactionsnow,”Taylorsays.“IknowIcanactunderpressureinascarysituation.”56.WhathappenedtoParisonaMarchday?A.Shecaughtabadcold.B.Shehadasuddenheartproblem.C.Shewasknockeddownbyaball.D.Sheshiveredterriblyduringpractice57.WhydoesParissayshewaslucky?A.Shemadeaworthyfriend.B.Sherecoveredfromshock.C.ShereceivedimmediateCPR.D.Shecamebackonthesoftballteam.58.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeTaylor?A.Enthusiasticandkind.B.Courageousandcalm.C.Cooperativeandgenerous.D.Ambitiousandprofessional.【答案】56B57C58B【解析】【語(yǔ)篇解讀】講述TaylorBisbee通過(guò)及時(shí)的CPR挽救了一位學(xué)生的生命。56.根據(jù)文章第三段Itcertainlywas,Parishadsufferedasuddenheartfailure.可知答案為B。57.根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“Mostpeopledon’tsurvivethis.Myteamsavedmylife”可知她被別人通過(guò)心臟復(fù)蘇救了回來(lái)，因此很幸運(yùn)，選C。58.通過(guò)她救Paris這件事可知她很勇敢，很鎮(zhèn)靜，不慌不忙，故選B。BInspiringyoungminds! TOKNOWMagazineisabighitintheworldofchildren’spublishing,bringingauniquecombinationofchallengingideasandgoodfuntoyoungfanseverymonth.What’sinside?What’sinside?Everymonththemagazineintroducesafreshnewtopicwitharticles,experimentsandcreativethingstomake—themagazinealsoexploresphilosophyandwellbeingtomakesureyoungreadershaveabalancedtakeonlife.WhatissospecialaboutTOKNOWmagazine? Well,ithasnoadsorpromotionsinside—insteaditisjam-packedwithseriousideas.TOKNOWmakescomplexideasattractiveandaccessibletochildren,whocanbecomeinvolvedinadvancedconceptsandevenphilosophy（哲學(xué)）—andtheywillsoondiscoverthatTOKNOWfeelsmorelikeaclubthanjustamagazine.Soundstoogoodtobetrue? Takealookonline—evidenceshowsthatthousandsofteachersandparentsknowagoodthingwhentheyseeitandrecommendTOKNOWtotheirfriends.HappyBirthdayAllYear! Whatcouldbemorefunthanagiftthatkeepscomingthroughtheletterboxeverymonth?Thefirstmagazinewithyourgiftmessagewillarriveintimeforthespecialday.SUBSCRIBENOW□AnnualSubscriptionEurope￡55RestofWorld￡65□AnnualSubscriptionwithGiftPackIncludesaMammothMap,apassportPuzzleBooklet,andSubscriptionEurope￡60RestofWorld￡70RefundPolicy—thesubscriptioncanbecancelledwithin28daysandyoucangetyourmoneyback.59.WhyisTOKNOWaspecialmagazine? A.Itentertainsyoungparents. B.Itprovidesseriousadvertisements. C.Itpublishespopularsciencefictions. D.Itcombinesfunwithcomplexconcepts.60.WhatdoesTOKNOWofferitsreaders? A.Onlinecourses. B.Articlesonnewtopics. C.Lecturesonabalancedlife. D.Reportsonscientificdiscoveries.61.Howmuchshouldyoupayifyoumakea12-mouthsubscriptiontoTOKNOWwithgiftpackfromChina? A.￡55.B.￡60.C.￡65.D.￡70.62.SubscribersofTOKNOWwouldget. A.freebirthdaypresents B.fullrefundwithin28days C.membershipoftheTOKNOWclub D.chancestomeettheexpertsinperson【答案】59.D60.B61.D62.BCMeasles(麻疹),whichoncekilled450childreneachyearanddisabledevenmore,wasnearlywipedoutintheUnitedStates14yearsagobytheuniversaluseoftheMMRvaccine(疫苗).Butthediseaseismakingacomeback,causedbyagrowinganti-vaccinemovementandmisinformationthatisspreadingquickly.Alreadythisyear,115measlescaseshavebeenreportedintheUSA,comparedwith189foralloflastyear.Thenumbersmightsoundsmall,buttheyaretheleadingedgeofadangeroustrend.Whenvaccinationratesareveryhigh,astheystillareinthenationasawhole,everyoneisprotected.Thisiscalled“herdimmunity”,whichprotectsthepeoplewhogethurteasily,includingthosewhocan’tbevaccinatedformedicalreasons,babiestooyoungtogetvaccinatedandpeopleonwhomthevaccinedoesn’twork.Butherdimmunityworksonlywhennearlythewholeherdjoinsin.Whensomerefusevaccinationandseekafreeride,immunitybreaksdownandeveryoneisinevenbiggerdanger.That’sexactlywhatishappeninginsmallneighborhoodsaroundthecountryfromOrangeCounty,California,where22measlescaseswerereportedthismonth,toBrooklyn,N.Y.,wherea17-year-oldcausedanoutbreaklastyear.Theresistancetovaccinehascontinuedfordecades,anditisdrivenbyarealbutverysmallrisk.Thosewhorefusetotakethatriskselfishlymakeotherssuffer.Makingthingsworsearestatelawsthatmakeittooeasytooptout(決定不參加)ofwhataresupposedtoberequiredvaccinesforallchildrenenteringKS5Ukindergarten.Seventeenstatesallowparentstogetanexemption（豁免),sometimesjustbysigningapapersayingtheypersonallyobjecttoavaccine.Now,severalstatesaremovingtotightenlawsbyaddingnewregulationsforoptingout.Butnoonedoesenoughtolimitexemptions.Parentsoughttobeabletooptoutonlyforlimitedmedicalorreligiousreasons.Butpersonalopinions?Notgoodenough.Everyoneenjoysthelife-savingbenefitsvaccinesprovide,butthey’llexistonlyaslongaseveryonesharesintherisks.63．Thefirsttwoparagraphssuggestthat____________. A．a(chǎn)smallnumberofmeaslescasescanstartadangeroustrend B．theoutbreakofmeaslesattractsthepublicattention C．a(chǎn)nti-vaccinemovementhasitsmedicalreasons D．informationaboutmeaslesspreadsquickly64．Herdimmunityworkswellwhen____________. A．exemptionsareallowed B．severalvaccinesareusedtogether C．thewholeneighborhoodisinvolvedin D．newregulationsareaddedtothestatelaws65．Whatisthemainreasonforthecomebackofmeasles? A．Theoveruseofvaccine. B．Thelackofmedicalcare. C．Thefeaturesofmeaslesitself. D．Thevaccineopt-outsofsomepeople.66．Whatisthepurposeofthepassage? A．Tointroducetheideaofexemption. B．Todiscussmethodstocuremeasles. C．Tostresstheimportanceofvaccination. D．Toappealforequalrightsinmedicaltreatment.【答案】63A64C65D66CDHollywood’stheorythatmachineswithevil(邪惡)mindswilldrivearmiesofkillerrobotsisjustsilly.Therealproblemrelatestothepossibilitythatartificialintelligence(AI)maybecomeextremelygoodatachievingsomethingotherthanwhatwereallywant.In1960awell-knownmathematicianNorbertWiener,whofoundedthefieldofcybernetics（控制論）,putitthisway:“Ifweuse,toachieveourpurposes,amechanicalagencywithwhoseoperationwecannoteffectivelyinterfere(干預(yù)),wehadbetterbequitesurethatthepurposeputintothemachineisthepurposewhichwereallydesire.”Amachinewithaspecificpurposehasanotherquality,onethatweusuallyassociatewithlivingthings:awishtopreserveitsownexistence.Forthemachine,thisqualityisnotin-born,norisitsomethingintroducedbyhumans;itisalogicalconsequenceofthesimplefactthatthemachinecannotachieveitsoriginalpurposeifitisdead.Soifwesendoutarobotwiththesingleinstructionoffetchingcoffee,itwillhaveastrongdesiretosecuresuccessbydisablingitsownoffswitchorevenkillinganyonewhomightinterferewithitstask.Ifwearenotcareful,then,wecouldfaceakindofglobalchessmatchagainstverydetermined,superintelligentmachineswhoseobjectivesconflictwithourown,withtherealworldasthechessboard.Thepossibilityofenteringintoandlosingsuchamatchshouldconcentratethemindsofcomputerscientists.Someresearchersarguethatwecansealthemachinesinsideakindoffirewall,usingthemtoanswerdifficultquestionsbutneverallowingthemtoaffecttherealworld.Unfortunately,thatplanseemsunlikelytowork:wehaveyettoinventafirewallthatissecureagainstordinaryhumans,letalonesuperintelligentmachines.SolvingthesafetyproblemwellenoughtomoveforwardinAIseemstobepossiblebutnoteasy.Thereareprobablydecadesinwhichtoplanforthearrivalofsuperintelligentmachines.Buttheproblemshouldnotbedismissedoutofhand,asithasbeenbysomeAIresearchers.Somearguethathumansandmachinescancoexistaslongastheyworkinteams—yetthatisnotpossibleunlessmachinessharethegoalsofhumans.Otherssaywecanjust“switchthemoff”asifsuperintelligentmachinesaretoostupidtothinkofthatpossibility.StillothersthinkthatsuperintelligentAIwillneverhappen.OnSeptember11,1933,famousphysicistErnestRutherfordstated,withconfidence,“Anyonewhoexpectsasourceofpowerinthetransformationoftheseatomsistalkingmoonshine.”However,onSeptember12,1933,physicistLeoSzilardinventedtheneutron-induced(中子誘導(dǎo))nuclearchainreaction.67.Paragraph1mainlytellsusthatartificialintelligencemay.A.runoutofhumancontrolB.satisfyhuman’srealdesiresC.commandarmiesofkillerrobotsD.workfasterthanamathematician68.Machineswithspecificpurposesareassociatedwithlivingthingspartlybecausetheymightbeableto.A.preventthemselvesfrombeingdestroyedBachievetheiroriginalgoalsindependentlyC.doanythingsuccessfullywithgivenordersD.beathumansininternationalchessmatches69.Accordingtosomeresearchers,wecanusefirewallsto.A.helpsuperintelligentmachinesworkbetterB.besecureagainstevilhumanbeingsC.keepmachinesfrombeingharmedD.avoidrobots’affectingtheworld70.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthesafetyproblemofsuperintelligentmachines?A.ItwilldisappearwiththedevelopmentofAI.B.Itwillgetworsewithhumaninterference.C.Itwillbesolvedbutwithdifficulty.D.Itwillstayforadecade.【答案】67A68A69D70C【解析】【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文主要介紹了人工智能。69.根據(jù)第三段usingthemtoanswerdifficultquestionsbutneverallowingthemtoaffecttherealworld.可知不要讓他們影響現(xiàn)實(shí)世界，故選D。70.根據(jù)最后一段SolvingthesafetyproblemwellenoughtomoveforwardinAIseemstobepossiblebutnoteasy.可知作者認(rèn)為可以解決但是很困難，選C。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Everyanimalsleeps,butthereasonforthishasremainedfoggy.Whenlabratsarenotallowedtosleep,theydiewithinamonth.71Oneideaisthatsleephelpsusstrengthennewmemories.72Weknowthat,whileawake,freshmemoriesarerecordedbyreinforcing(加強(qiáng))connectionsbetweenbraincells,butthememoryprocessesthattakeplacewhilewesleephavebeenunclear.Supportisgrowingforatheorythatsleepevolvedsothatconnectionsbetweenneurons(神經(jīng)元)inthebraincanbeweakenedovernight,makingroomforfreshmemoriestoformthenextday.73Nowwehavethemostdirectevidenceyetthatheisright.74Thesynapsesinthemicetakenattheendofaperiodofsleepwere18percentsmallerthanthosetakenbeforesleep,showingthattheconnectionsbetweenneuronsweakenwhilesleeping.IfTononi’stheoryisright,itwouldexplain