高考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)概念語(yǔ)法精粹 試題

粹作人：多莘創(chuàng)第二章英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)Tenses英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)是英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法中的第一首難關(guān)，攻下此難關(guān)是作文、閱讀、口語(yǔ)之關(guān)鍵。漢語(yǔ)用不同詞表達(dá)相應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài)，而英語(yǔ)用同一詞的不同變化形式表達(dá)時(shí)態(tài)。一一般時(shí)態(tài)playplays進(jìn)進(jìn)展時(shí)態(tài)amplaying完成時(shí)態(tài)完成時(shí)態(tài)hashaveplayed完完成進(jìn)展時(shí)態(tài)hashavebeenplaying去將來(lái)去將來(lái)playedwillplaydwouldplaywaswereplayingwillbeplayingdhadplayedhadbeenplayingwillhaveplayeddwouldhaveplayedwillhavebeenplayingd1.構(gòu)成：使用動(dòng)詞原形，第三人稱單數(shù)須有變化。carry→carrieshesgoesdresseswatchesbrushes：Shelovesmusic?.Mary’sparentsgetupveryearly.(2)表習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作或者職業(yè)，常與often,sometimes,usually,always,everyweek,?.Shewritestomeveryoften.?.Tomandhisgirlfriendgoouttotakeapicenicoccasionally.或者事實(shí)：?.Theearthmovesroundthesun.?.Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.?.Twoandtwomakesfour.NomanbuterrsA.在由when,after,before,as,assoonas,although,because,if,evenif,?.I’lltellherwhenshecomestomorrow.?.Evenifitrainsthisafternoon,I’llmeetyou.edB.按時(shí)間是表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或者事件，用一般如今時(shí)表達(dá)將來(lái)時(shí)概念。?.Theplaybeginsat6:30thisevening.?.Whendoestheplanetakeoff??.Heleavesforthatcitynextweek.?.Accordingtothetimetable,theexpresstraintoShanghaistartsatnine1.TheBrowns_______anicecarandbrown’sbrother_______anicejeep.A.have/haveB.has/hasC.have/hasD.has/have2.Iftheirhouse_______notlikeours,what_______itlooklike?A.is/isB.is/doesC.does/doesD.does/is3._______youthinkhewillcome?Ifit_______tomorrow,hewillnotcome.A.Do/rainsB.Are/rainsC.do/willrainD.Are/willrainA.do/moveB.do/movesC.does/movesD.did/moved5.Manyastudent_______fondoffilms,butagoodstudentseldom_______tothecinema.A.are/goesB.is/goesC.are/goD.is/go1.表示如今正在進(jìn)展的動(dòng)作。如?.Thekettleisboiling.ShallImaketea??.Don’tyouthinkyoueattoomuch?You’reputtingonweight.(體重增?.Theworkersarebuildinganewbridgeacrossthereiver.2.表示現(xiàn)階段正進(jìn)展的動(dòng)作。?.Wearepreparingforourfinalexaminationthisweek.3.go,come,leave,arrive,land,meet,die,start,return,join,etc.用于進(jìn)展時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)表示即將開場(chǎng)的動(dòng)作。LookThebusiscoming.看！車來(lái)了！?.Theoldmanisseriouslyill,andheisdying.?.AliceisleavingforBeijingwithhermother.4.與always,forever,continually,constantly等副詞連用，表示說話人帶有感情色：贊賞或者厭惡。?.Theteacherisconstantly(always)criticizingherforbeinglate.〔教師5.下面表示狀態(tài)、感覺、情緒、精神活動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞不可用于進(jìn)展時(shí)?！裼肋h(yuǎn)不要說I’mbelieving…或者Heisseeingahouse.再簡(jiǎn)單一點(diǎn)說，這些動(dòng)●可怕的是：我們?cè)趯懽骷翱谡Z(yǔ)中常犯此類大錯(cuò)！●注意：haveaparty/thinkabout可以用進(jìn)展時(shí)，因?yàn)檫@里have意為“舉行〞；think意為“考慮〞。1.Howcanyou_______ifyouarenot_______?A.listening/hearingB.hear/listeningB.belistening/heardC.behearing/listeningto2.Thegirlevenwon’thaveherlunchbeforeshe_______herhomework.A.willfinishB.isfinishingC.hadfinishedD.finishesA.arebeinginterviewedB.areinterviewingC.interviewingD.tobeinterviewing4.Theoldscientist_______todomoreforthecountry.A.iswishingB.hasbeenwishingC.wishesD.hasbeenwished5.Ifhe_______,don’twakehimup.A.stillsleepsB.isstillsleepingC.stillhasbeensleepingD.willbesleepingstill三、一般過去時(shí)。定義動(dòng)詞的過去式：1.表示過去某個(gè)特定時(shí)間是或者某一段時(shí)間是發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或者情況。?.Wevisitedtheschoollastspring.?.IwenttoschoolbybikewhenIwasinmiddleschool.?.Chinawasfoundedin1949.?.Shetoldmethatshewouldnotgowithusifitrainedthenextday.?.Theywouldnotlaveuntilshecameback.?.Myfriendpromisedtomarrymeonceshemadeherfinaldecision.●That’sallIhadtosay.〔話已說完〕●That’sallIhavetosay.〔言之未盡〕●Janedidalotofworkthismorning.〔已是當(dāng)天下午或者晚上〕●Janehasdonealotofworkthismorning.〔仍是上午〕[本句如今完成時(shí)，此1.YesterdayI_______(think)thatyouwerenotinBeijing.itatthebackthismorning.3.He_______(tell)thenewstousthreedaysago.4.He_______(begin)toteachChinesein1990.5.Shewouldnottelephonemeifshe_______(have)notime.測(cè)試精編II：1.They_______thetripuntiltherainstopped.A.continuedB.didn’tcontinueC.hadn’tcontinuedD.wouldcontinueyofhungerandcoldwithout你知道嗎？)A.woulddieB.willdieC.wouldbedeadD.wouldhavedied3.ItwasnotuntilthenthatIcametoknowthattheearth_______aroundthesun.A.movedB.hasmovedC.willmoveD.movesA.sitB.setC.seatedD.wereseated5.IfIhadhadtime,Iwouldhavewrittentoyou.Butinfact_______not.A.haveB.wouldhaveC.hadD.hadhad四、過去進(jìn)展時(shí)：were/was+如今分詞。1.表示過去某一時(shí)刻或者階段正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。?.Iwasplayingchessat8yesterdayevening.?.WhenIarrived,theywerewatchingTV.?.Theyweredoinghouseworkthistimelastweek.2.用于條件狀語(yǔ)從句中表示過去將來(lái)進(jìn)展的動(dòng)作。?.Shetoldmetowakehimupifshewassleeping.swaIsdrivingtoofast?.TheytoldmethattheywereleavingforNewYork.?.HewasgoingoutwhenIarrived.1.Mybrother_______whilehe_______hisbicycleandhurthimself.A.fell/wasridingB.feel/wereridingC.hadfallen/rodeD.hadfallen/wasriding2.He_______hislegashe_______inafootballmatch.A.broke/playedB.wasbreaking/wasplayingC.broke/wasplayingD.wasbreaking/played3.Myfatherwillbeheretomorrow.Ithoughtthathe_______todayA.wascomingB.iscomingC.willcomeC.comes4.Jcakwasgoingoutoftheshopwhenhecollidedwithanoldwomanwho____A.comeB.wascomingC.hadbeencomingD.hadcome5.Michikecouldn’tcometothetelephonewhenMr.Smithcalledherbecauseshe_______inthelab.1.表示過去所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)如今的影響或者產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。常與yet,just,before,●Hehasn’tseenherlately.●Ihaven’tfinishedthebookyet.2.表示一個(gè)從過去某個(gè)時(shí)間是開場(chǎng)，延續(xù)到如今并可能持續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作，常與表示一段時(shí)?.Hehasworkedherefor15years.?.IhavestudiedEnglishsinceIcamehere.?.TheforeignerhasbeenawayfromChinaforalongtime.?.Sofar,Ihaven’treceivedasingleletterfrommybrother.II.這類動(dòng)詞并非不能用如今完成時(shí)，而是不能接常由for引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間是狀語(yǔ)。III.但假設(shè)是用在否認(rèn)句中，非延續(xù)動(dòng)詞的如今完成時(shí)可以與表示一段時(shí)間是的狀語(yǔ)goneawayforamonth●Shehasbeenawayforamonth.〔正〕●Themanhasdiedfortwoyears.〔誤〕●Themanhasbeendeadfortowyears.〔正〕●Howlonghaveyouboughtthebook?〔誤〕●Howlonghaveyougotthebook.〔正〕?.Theyhaven’thadantroublesincetheycamehere.?.Ithasbeentenyearssincewemelasttime.?.Hehasbeenheresince1980.?.Hehasbeenheresincetenyearsago.HehasgonetoShanghai.他到去了。HehasbeentoShanghai.他去過。Shehasgone.她已走了。測(cè)試精編:1.Theprices_______goingupallthetimeinthepastfewyears.A.keepB.keptC.havekeptD.arekeeping2.Forthewholeperiodoftwomonths,there_______noraininthisarea.A.isB.willbeC.hasbeenD.havebeen3.TodayisJane’sweddingday.She_______John.A.havejustmarriedwithB.wasjustmarriedtoC.hasjustbeenmarriedtoD.justhasbeenmarriedto4.Nowondertheflowerhavewithered,they_______anywaterforages.A.hadn’tB.haven’tC.haven’thadD.hadn’thad5.Nowadayscomputer_______awideapplicationwiththedevelopmentofproductionandscience.A.foundB.hasfoundC.findsD.hadfoundn?.I’vebeenwaitingforanhourbutshehasn’tcome.?.Hehasbeenrunningafterherfor8years.(runafter:追求)2.表某種感情色彩。?.I’vebeenwantingtoseeyouforsomanyyears.?.Who’sbeentellingyousuchnonsense.釋惑要點(diǎn)：如今完成時(shí)與如今完成進(jìn)展時(shí)的比照：如今完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)“結(jié)果〞，而完成進(jìn)展時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)“動(dòng)作的延續(xù)〞。1.They_______ussincefiveo’clockthismorning.A.arehelpingB.havebeenhelpingC.havebeenhelpedD.havehelped2.I_______thebookthewholeday,yetIhaven’tfinishedit.A.havebeenreadingB.havereadC.amreadingD.hadbeenreading3.Pleasecomein.We_______aboutyourpaper.A.talkB.hadbeentalkingC.havebeentalkingD.wouldhavetalked4.Suchnaturalresourcesascoalandpetroleum_______.A.graduallyareexhaustedB.arebeinggraduallyexhaustedC.havegraduallyexhaustingD.havebeenexhaustinggradually5.It_______almosteverydaysofarthismonth.A.israiningB.rainedC.rainsD.hasbeenraining用所給動(dòng)詞正確時(shí)態(tài)填空。1.Youshouldgotobed.You_______(watch)TVfor5hours.2.I_______(write)letterssincebreakfast.3.I_______(write)3letterssincebreakfast.4.Sorry,butMr.Smith_______(leave)forBeijing.5.I_______(look)forhimeverywhere,wherecanhebe?●TheyhadgoteverythingreadybeforeIcame.●TheplayhadbegunbeforeIgottothetheaterwithmyboyfriend.2.過去完成時(shí)常用于hardly/scarcely...when,nosooner…than等固定句型構(gòu)造●Shehadhardly/scarcelygonetobedwhenthebellrang.●Nosoonerhadhearrivedattherailwaystationthanhemetherparents.的過去完成時(shí)用來(lái)表示本打算做而沒有做的事?！馡hadintendedtocallonyouyesterday,butsomeonecametoseemejustl1.Let’shurry!Thepresidentiscoming.Oh,Iwasafraidthatwe_______.A.alreadymisshimB.hadalreadymissedhimC.willmisshimalreadyD.havealreadymissedhim2.YourlettercamejustasI_______myoffice.A.wasleavingB.wouldleaveC.hadleftD.left3.I_______mykeys,Ican’trememberwhereIlastsawthem.A.waslosingB.lostC.hadlostD.havelost4.Nobodyknewwheretheteacher_______.A.hasgoneB.wouldhavegoneC.hadgoneD.wouldbegone5.Thesportsmen______trainingfor3hourswhenthecoachtoldthemtobreakoffforrest.A.havebeenB.areC.hadbeenD.werell1.表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或者存在的狀態(tài)?！馠ewillgraduateformthecollegenextyear.●Weshallfinishourworkasquicklyaspossible.Ibegoingtodosomething某事?！睭Y口語(yǔ)中常讀做begonna〕●I’mgoingtobuyanewcoatthisfall.●I’llbesixteenyearsoldnextyear.●Itwillbethe20thofAugusttomorrow●Whenhecomes,Iwillgivehimyourmessage.II.be+todosth.表示方案安排做某事或者用來(lái)征求意見?！瘛馎mItotakeoverhiswork?Wearetomeetatthegate.iii.beabouttodosth.即將做某事?！馮hetalkisabouttobegin.beonthepointofdoingsth.正要做某事setouttodosth.著手做某事setaboutdoingsth.開場(chǎng)做某事2.He’llleaveforParisbeforeyou_______nextweek.3.Ournextmeeting_______on1stDecember.4.Where_______awill,thereisaway.A.therewillhaveB.hasbeenthereC.thereisD.therehasbeen5.It_______beWednesdaytomorrow.A.isgoingtoB.willC.isabouttoD.isto1.表示從過去某個(gè)時(shí)刻看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或者狀態(tài)?！馠esaidthattheywouldmeetmeatthestation.2.此用法常用于間接引語(yǔ)中。1.Ontelevisionlastnightthenewscasterannouncedthattheleader_______onSaturday.A.isarrivingB.willarriveC.wouldbearrivedD.wouldarrive2.Hetoldusthathewouldbeginthedictationwhenwe_______ready.A.willbeB.wouldbeC.wereD.are3.Myaunt_______toseeus,shewouldbeheresoon.A.iscomingB.wascomingC.cameD.hadcame4.Theywouldbegivenanewhouseifmore_______thenextyear.n表過去某個(gè)時(shí)間是之前一直在進(jìn)展的動(dòng)作?！馭hesaidthatshehadbeentypingapaperbeforeIcamein.?.Thegirlhadcleaneduptheroom,soitwastidy.?.Thegirlhadbeenclearinguptheroom,sowehadtowaitoutside.1.It_______forfourdayswhenwearrived,sotheroadswereverymuddy.A.wasrainingB.wouldberainingC.hadbeenrainingD.hasrained2.Hetoldusthathe_______theresince1982.A.hasbeenlivingB.hadbeenlivingC.wouldhavelivedD.wasA.isstilllearningB.hadbeenlearningC.wasstilllearningD.hasbeenlearning4.Bytheendoflastweek,he_______inthecompanyfor10years.A.hadworkedB.hadbeenworkingC.willhaveworkedD.wouldhaveworkedtotheenemyforalongtime.A.soldB.wouldsellC.hadsoldD.hadbeenselling1.表示將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)展的動(dòng)作:?.Whatwillyoubedoingthistimetomorrow?2.用將來(lái)進(jìn)展時(shí)詢問別人的方案、打算比用一般將來(lái)時(shí)更顯禮貌。?.Willyoubehavingsupperwithusthisevening?3.將來(lái)進(jìn)展時(shí)表示對(duì)即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作的推測(cè)。?.ShewillbearrivingatShanghaitomorrowmorning.?.Thecarwillbegoingatthespeedof100milesanhour.表示過去某時(shí)看將來(lái)某時(shí)正在進(jìn)展的動(dòng)作。?.HeaskedmewhatIshouldbedoingwhenhecamethenextday.1.Tomorrow,I_______thebookallmorning.A.amreadingB.willbereadingC.willreadD.haveread2.“Canyouattendthemeetingtonight?〞“No,_______themanageraboutsomethingurgent.〞A.IseeB.I’llhaveseenC.I’llbeseeingD.Icantoseeitreturninthetwenty-firstcentury?4.Hetoldusthathe_______visitingJapanbythistimenextyear.A.willbeB.wouldbeC.wasD.is5.It_______whenyouwakeuptomorrowmorning.A.issnowingB.willsnowC.willbesnowingD.snowsallwillhave表示將來(lái)某時(shí)之前已完成的動(dòng)作。?.Theywillhavebeenherefor5yearsnextFriday.?.Bytheenofnextterm,thestudentswillhavefinishedthebook.時(shí)：would/shouldhave+過去分詞表示從過去某個(gè)時(shí)間是看將來(lái)某時(shí)之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。?.Hesaidthattheywouldhavearrivedbyseveno’clock.十五、將來(lái)完成進(jìn)展時(shí)：shall/willhavebeen+如今分詞表示某一動(dòng)作將繼續(xù)到將來(lái)某時(shí)，且該動(dòng)作此時(shí)尚未發(fā)生。?.Weshallhavebeenstayinghereforfourweekswhentomarrives.?.Itwillhavebeenrainingforaweekifitdoesnotstoptomorrow.field.A.toformB.areformedC.formingD.form2.Ofallthefactorsaffectingagriculturalyields,weatheristheone_______themost.A.itinfluencesfarmersB.thatinfluencesfarmersC.farmersthatitinfluencesD.whyfarmersinfluenceithA.isastormmovingB.astormismovingC.ismovingastormD.amovingstorm4.Duringthefloodof1927,theRedCross,_______outofemergencyheadquartersinMississippi,setuptemporarysheltersforthehomeless.A.operatesB.isoperatingC.hasoperatedD.operating5.Ofalltheeconomicallyimportantplants,palmshavebeen_______.A.theleaststudiedB.studytheleastC.studylessandlessD.tostudytheless6.Duringaneclipseofthesun,_______intheshadowofthemoon.A.theEarthliesB.theEarthwhenlyingC.thattheEarthliesD.thelyingEarthA.thelightisnotonB.andnotonlightC.butisnotonthelightD.isnotonlightcliffsforsupport.9.Becauseofitsimportanceinmodernliving,_______inallpartsoftheworld.A.algebraisstudiedinschoolsandcollegesB.studyingalgebrainschoolsandcollegesC.andthestudyofalgebrainschoolsandcollegesD.inschoolsandcollegesarealgebrastudies10.Sociologistshavelongrecognizedthatsocialtension_______.A.elementsfromgrouplivingB.elementsofanormalgrouplifeC.livingareagroupofelementsD.arenormalelementsofgrouplife第二章名詞Nounssdaydaysweek→weeks2.在以o,s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾的名詞后加“es〞.hero→heroesbox→boxesclass→classesbush→busheswatch→watchespiano,photo,zero,radio,bamboo,tobacco,solo,cuckoo,dynamo,cameo,prano假如以o結(jié)尾的名詞有生命力，那么該詞匯一般加–es.family→familiescity→citieskey→keysboy→boysplay→playstoy→toysCalf→calvesknife→knives留神留神：1.foot→feetmouse→micegoose→geesechild→childrenox→oxenlouse→licewoman→womenman→mensheep,deer,fish,means,Chinese,Japanese,Swiss,works,barracks〔兵3.一些英語(yǔ)外來(lái)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式：crisis→crises危機(jī)analysis→analyses分析oasis→oases綠洲parenthesis→parentheses括號(hào)axis→axes軸心ellipsis→ellipses日蝕hypothesis→hypotheses假定synopsis→synopses內(nèi)容提要erratum→errata訂正誤表addendum→addenda補(bǔ)遺、附錄medium→media媒體1.中間沒有連字符的合成名詞在詞尾變復(fù)數(shù)：bookshelf→bookshelveshandful→handfuls2.man和woman構(gòu)成的復(fù)合名詞，二者均變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)。manservant→menservantswomanteacher→womenteachers3.中間有連字符的合成詞，在主體詞〔中心意義的詞〕末尾變復(fù)數(shù)：sister-in-law→sisters-in-lawlooker-on→lookers-oneditor-in-chief→editors-in-chief4.以下合成名詞后一個(gè)詞上變化：sit-in→sit-ins,grown-up→grown-upsstand-by→stand-bystouch-me-not→touch-me-notsgo-between→go-betweens1.在大多數(shù)名詞末加“‘s〞theboy’stoy,men’sworkthestudents’readingroomDickens’novelsTheactress’performance4.合成名詞在最后一個(gè)詞上加“s〞herbrother-in-law’spiano.anhour’sdrive,amile’sjourneytenpounds’weight.Beijing’sweathertheearth’ssurfaceastone’sthrow投石之間隔atone’switsend智窮計(jì)盡toone’sheart’scontent盡情地byahair’sbreadth千鈞一發(fā)atasnail’space緩慢地假如被修飾的名詞前有不定冠詞、不定代詞、指示代詞、疑問代詞修飾。那么要采用雙eachildofhersthelovepoemsofyoursister’s●aportraitofhermother她母親的畫像〔畫中人〕●aportraitofhermother’s她母親擁有的畫像中的一幅〔不一定是她母親的1.Juliewenttothe_______tobuyapairofshoes.A.shoesstoreB.shoe’sstoreC.shoestoreD.shoes’fora_______bill.A.ten-dollarB.ten-dollarsC.tens-dollarD.ten-dollar’s3.Recently,hehaslostallhis_______atcards.A.wageandsavingB.wagesandsavingB.wageandsavingsD.wagesandsavings4.Iwant_______.A.adollarworthcandyB.candyadollar’sworthC.adollar’sworthofcandyD.adollarworth’scandyA.haveB.hadC.doD.has詞、副詞比擬級(jí)和最高級(jí)Comparativedegree&SuperlativedegreeA.adj/adv+er/estpoor→poorer→poorestlarge→larger→largestfast→faster→fastestfine→finer→finestC.重讀閉音節(jié)中短元音+輔音詞尾→雙寫輔音詞尾+er/est。big→bigger→biggesthot→hotter→hottestD.輔音+y→I+er/estdry→drier→driestangry→angrier→angriestE節(jié)形容詞及副詞：more+adj/advmost+adj/advgood/well→better→bestbad/ill→worse→worstmany/much→more→mostlittle→less→leastlate→later→latestlate→latter→lastfar→farther→farthestfar→further→furthest?.HelooksstrongerthanI(do).?.TheclimateofShanghaiishotterthanthatofBeijing.?.MySchoolbagislargerthanhers.?.Thebookismuchmoreinterestingthanthatone.?.Itisgettingcolderandcolder.?.Sheisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.筆記要點(diǎn)：兩個(gè)形容詞比擬級(jí)由and連在一起，表示“越來(lái)越……〞?.Theolderwegrow,thepoorerourmemorywillbe.?.Theearlierwestart,thesoonerwe’llgetthere.筆記要點(diǎn)：這種句型構(gòu)造表示“越......越……〞?.Ipreferthecheaperoneofthetowbooks.?.Ofthetwobrothers,heisthecleverer.筆記要點(diǎn)：二者之比擬。而Ofthethreegirls,sheisthecleverest.(1)Johnisthetallestofthethree.ThisisthemostdifficultbookI’veread.Sheisyoungerthanalltheotherstudents.1.Sheis_______than_______.A.busier/usB.busier/weC.morebusy/usD.morebusy/we2.Janeis_______thanBetty.A.lesstallerB.lesstallestC.lesstallD.notastall3.John’srecordwasnotsogoodas_______inhisteam.A.alltheplayersB.anyplayer’sC.otherplayersD.anyotherplayer’s4.Chinais_______countryintheworld.A.thethirdlargestB.thelargestthirdC.thethirdlargeD.athirdlargest5.Shanghaihasalargerpopulationthan_______inchina.A.anycityB.allthecitiesC.anyothercityD.allothercities用所給詞的比擬級(jí)、最高級(jí)填空：1.Thewindowis_______(narrow)ofthetwo.2.Whereisthe_______(near)bus-stop?3.Heisoneof_______(famous)Politicians.4.Doyouhaveany_______(far)questionstoask?5.Tomdrivesmuch_______(careful)thanJohn.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)PassiveVoicecoveredbyColumbushone(1)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)。yWekeepthepianointheliving-room.→Thepianoiskeptintheliving-room.Theybuiltthebridgein1980.→Thebridgewasbuiltin1980.willdo→will+be+doneHewillreadthebooktomorrow.→Thebookwillbereadtomorrow.hasdone→has+been+doneWehavedeliveredthenewspaper.→Thenewspapershavebeendelivered(byus).Shehadseenthefilmbeforeshecamehere.→Thefilmhadbeenseenbeforeshecamehere.willhavedone→willhave+been+doneBytheendofthistermweshallhavefinished80texts.→Bytheendofthisterm80textswillhavebeenfinished.isdoing→is+being+doneareareTheyaredrawingthepicture.→Thepictureisbeingdrawnbythem.ngdonewerewereHewasreviewingtheirlessonsatthismomentyesterday.→Theirlessonswerebeingreviewedatthismomentyesterday.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞maymaycancanmustmustshoulddo→should+be+doneoughttooughttousedtousedtoYoumustwriteanarticleonthesubject.→Anarticlemustbewrittenonthesubject.測(cè)試精編1.Sincethefirstspacemission,manycommunicationsatellites_______.A.waslaunchedB.arelaunchedC.havebeenlaunchedD.hadbeenlaunched2.Whatkindofadvice_______you?A.hasgaveB.wasgaveC.hadbeengiventoD.hasgiven3.Theslave_______frommorningtillnight.A.madetoworkB.wasmadeworkingC.wasmadeworkedD.wasmadetowork4.Theconstructionofthelaboratory_______bytheendofJuly.A.mustbecompletingB.mustcomplete被被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)C.musthavecompletedD.musthavebeencompleted5.Yourproposal_______bythecommitteesoon.A.isdiscussedB.hasbeendiscussedC.isgoingtobediscussedD.willhavebeendiscussed非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一、不定式1.定義：具有名詞、形容詞及副詞性質(zhì)并具有時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)變化。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般時(shí)todotododone進(jìn)展時(shí)tobedoing完成時(shí)tohavedonetohavebeendone完成進(jìn)tohavebeen展時(shí)doingTospeakgoodEnglishisnoteasy.or:ItisnoteasytospeakgoodEnglish.Ittookmeanhourtodothework.Shedecidedtotaketheexamination.Ihopetomeethimsoon.Theyexpectedustohelpthem.Hewantshissontostudyhard.不定式作賓補(bǔ)，如謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是感官動(dòng)詞，使役性動(dòng)詞(see,hear,notice,watch,make,have,let……)，那么不定式符號(hào)“to〞須略，但在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中不能。Iheardthemsingintheclassroom.Imadehercleantheroom.ThegirlisheardtosinganEnglishsong.Hisjobistosellcars.果。WecometoschooltostudyEnglish.(目的)=inordertoIhurriedtothestore,onlytofinditclosed.(結(jié)果)(6)定語(yǔ)：不定式短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)須位于名詞之后。Heaskedforapieceofpapertowriteiton.=towriteitonthepieceofpaper.Thepoormanhasnohousetolivein.=toliveinthehouse.Haveyouanythingtodo?=todoanythingedancinghallHewashappytohavebeenstayingwithhisuncle.〔動(dòng)作持續(xù)一段時(shí)間是〕Thedoctorrecommendedhimtoairtheroom.Thedoctorrecommendedtheroomtobeaired.Sheexpectsthepolicetofindherbicycle.Sheexpectsherbicycletobefoundbyethepolice.Shefeltabitpuzzledashehadaskedhersuchaquestion.Shefeltabitpuzzledtohavebeenaskedsuchaquestion.oHegotupearlyinordernottomissthetrain.測(cè)試精編1.Didyoufindout_______thepieoutofoven?A.totakeB.havetakenC.whentotakeD.beingtakenyA.puttingupB.tobeputupC.topileupD.pileup3.WeshallsetJim_______thepassage.A.explainingB.explainedC.toexplainD.explain4.Infact,shewouldratherleaveforSanFrancisco_______inLosAngeles.5.MadameCurieisbelieved_______theradium.A.discoveringB.havingdiscoveredC.tohavediscoveredD.todiscover1.動(dòng)名詞定義：具有名詞性質(zhì)，可在句中擔(dān)任主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ),定語(yǔ)，且有所有格作修doing→beingdonehavingdone→havingbeendoneSayingiseasierthandoing.Hiscomingherewillbeagreathelp.Itisnousewaitinghere,hehasleft.Itisnogoodsmoking.Hisjobiskeepingthehallcleanaspossible.Seeingisbelieving.ittedtakingthebookIdomindyoursmokinghere.admit,appreciate,avoid,complete,delay,deny,enjoy,fancy,finish,mind,practice,resent,risk,suggest,allow,permit…Heleftwithoutsayinggoodbyetous.I’mlookingforwardtomeetingyou.(to在這里是介詞)readingroomswimmingpoolwalkingstick4.動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合構(gòu)造：由名詞所有格或者物主代詞與動(dòng)名詞構(gòu)成。Hisleavingisagreatloss.Motherdislikesmy(me)wordinglate.John’shavingseenherdidnotmakeherworried.主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)必須是所有格。如上二例，但作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以用所有naryHenevertalkedtomeabouthishavingbeeninParis.〔以前〕Hedoesn’tlikebeingflattered.Iheardofhishavingbeenchosentobethecoachoftheteam.7.動(dòng)名詞與不定式在用法上的幾點(diǎn)比擬：(1)在begin,start,continue等詞后用動(dòng)名詞或者不定式區(qū)別不大。Hebeganwriting/towritein1980.Hestoppedtalking.停頓講話。Hestoppedtotalk.停下來(lái)開場(chǎng)講話。Pleaseremembertoposttheletter.記住寄走這封信。Irememberpostingtheletter.我記得寄出了這封信。測(cè)試精編1.Theworkersfavor_______fundstobuildthebridge.A.toraiseB.raisingC.raisedD.rising2.Noonecanavoid_______byone’ssurroundings.A.tobeinfluencedB.havinginfluencedC.influencingD.beinginfluenced3.Shedoesn’tfeellike_______tonight.A.dancingB.todanceC.danceD.tobedancing主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)過主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)過去分詞4.DoesMrWangobjectto_______herthemoney?A.thatwelendB.belentC.lendingD.lend5.Icanstillrecall_______withhimmanyyearsago.A.tostayB.tostayingC.tohavestayedD.havingd三、分詞具有形容詞性質(zhì)，可以在句中擔(dān)任表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、賓補(bǔ)、狀語(yǔ)，如今分詞表示主動(dòng)，且動(dòng)作在進(jìn)展；過去分詞表示被動(dòng)，或者動(dòng)作已完成。write(vt)rise(vi)被被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)如今時(shí)完成時(shí)writinghavingwrittenbeingwrittenrisingrisenhavingbeenhavingrisenwritten(1)定語(yǔ)分詞置于被修飾名詞前分詞短語(yǔ)置于被修飾名詞后asleepingbaby=ababywhoissleepingarunningdog=adogwhichisrunningabrokenglass=aglasswhichisbrokenabeatenteam=ateamwhichisbeaten(beaten是被打敗的意思)Thisistheproblemdiscussedatthelastmeeting.Theproblembeingdiscussedisveryimportant.Heisinterestedinthebook.Thenewsisexciting.Hefeelsexcited.WhenIwokeup,Ifoundmymothersittingbesideme.I’dliketohavethispackageweighed.過去分詞表示被動(dòng)概念。.Ifyouturntotheleft,you’llfindthestation.→Turningtotheleft,you’llfindthestation..AsIdidn’treceiveherletter,Icalledherupbytelephone.→Notreceivingherletter,Icalledherupbytelephone..WhileIwaswalkingtoschoolyesterdaymorning,Imetafriend.→Walkingtoschoolyesterdaymorning,Imetafriend..Whenshewasaskedifshehadanybadhabit,sheansweredthatshewasaheavysmoker.→Askedifshehadanybadhabit,sheansweredthatshewasaheavysmoker.?.Whenschoolwasover,theboyswenthome.→Beingover,theboyswenthome.Schoolbeingover,theboyswenthome.?.Asmyhomeworkhasbeendone,Ihavenothingelsetodo.→Myhomeworkhavingbeendone,Ihavenothingelsetodo.?.Ifweatherpermits,I’llstarttomorrow.→Weatherpermitting,I’llstarttomorrow.?.Ifwejudgefromhisface,hemustbeill.ging語(yǔ)是we,one,you表示“一般人〞，主語(yǔ)可略〕如今分詞一般時(shí)表示此動(dòng)作與主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生。如今分詞完成時(shí)表示此動(dòng)作在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前發(fā)生。Enteringtheroom,hesawme.(幾乎同時(shí))Nothavingtriedhisbest,hefailedintheexam.(分詞動(dòng)作在前)5.語(yǔ)態(tài)：如今分詞一般時(shí)被動(dòng)表動(dòng)作正在被進(jìn)展，完成時(shí)被動(dòng)強(qiáng)調(diào)分詞所表示的動(dòng)作先被Theshipsbeingloadedandunloadedbelongtous.民先被告知而后駛向港口)測(cè)試精編1.The_______newsmadethem_______.A.excited/excitingB.exciting/excitedC.exciting/tobeexcitedD.excited/excited2._______ananswerfromthecommittee,hewasworried.A.HavingnotgotB.GettingnotC.Nothavinggot