2021-2022年四川省內(nèi)江市大學(xué)英語(yǔ)6級(jí)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)匯總（含答案）

2021-2022年四川省內(nèi)江市大學(xué)英語(yǔ)6級(jí)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)匯總（含答案）學(xué)校:________班級(jí):________姓名:________考號(hào):________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.IsCollegeReallyWorththeMoney?

TheRealWorld

EsteGriffithhaditallfiguredout.WhenshegraduatedfromtheUniversityofPittsburghinApril2001,shehadhersightssetononething:workingforalaborunion.

Therealworldhadotherideas.Griffithleftschoolwithnotonlyadegree,butaboatloadofdebt.Sheowed＄15,000instudentloansandhadrackedup＄4,000increditcarddebtforbooks,groceriesandotherexpenses.Nolaborunionjobcouldpayenoughtobailherout.

SoGriffithwenttoworkinsteadforaWashington,D.C.firmthatspecializesineconomicdevelopment.Problemsolved?Nope.Atage24,shetakeshomeabout＄1,800amonth,＄1,200ofwhichdisappearstopayherrent.Addanother＄180amonthtoretireherstudentloansand＄300amonthtowhittledownhercreditcardbalance."Youdothemath,"shesays.

Griffithhaspracticallynomoneytoliveon.Shebrown-hags(自帶午餐)herlunchandbikestowork.Aboveall,shefearsshe'llneverownahouseorbeabletoretire.It'snotthatsheregretsgettingherdegree."Battheydon'ttellyouthatthetrade-offisthenexttenyearsofyourincome,"shesays.

That'spreciselythedealbeingmadebymoreandmorecollegestudents.They'remortgagingtheirfuturestomeetsoaringtuitioncostsandothercollegeexpenses.LikeGriffith,they'refacingaone-twopunchatgraduation:hefty(沉重的)studentloansandsmotheringcreditcarddebt--nottomentionajobmarketthat,fornowanyway,isdismal.

"Weareforcingourchildrentomakeachoicebetweentwoevils,"saysElizabethWarren,aHarvardLawprofessorandexpertonbankruptcy."Skipcollegeandfacealifeofdiminishedopportunity,orgotocollegeandfacealifeshackled(束縛)bydebt."

TuitionHikes

Forsometime,collegeshaveinsistedtheirsteeptuitionhikesareneededtopayforcutting-edgetechnologies,facultyandadministrationsalaries,andrisinghealthcarecosts.Nowthere'sanewculprit(犯人):shrinkingstatesupport.Caughtinaseverebudgetcrunch,manystateshavesharplyscaledbacktheirfundingforhighereducation.

Someonehadtomakeupforthoselostdollars.Andyoucanguesswho--especiallyifyouliveinMassachusetts,whichlastyearhikeditstuitionandfeesby24percent,afterfundingdroppedby3percent,orinMissouri,whereappropriations(撥款)fellby10percent,buttuitionroseatdoublethatrate.Aboutone-thirdofthestates,infact,haveincreasedtuitionandfeesbymorethen10percent.

OneofthosestatesisCalifornia,andJanetBurrell'sfamilyisfeelingthepain.AbookkeeperinTorrance,BurrellhasadaughterattheUniversityofCaliforniaatDavis.Meanwhile,hersonsattendtwo-yearcollegesbecauseBurrellcan'taffordtohavealloftheminfour-yearschoolsatonce.

Meanwhile,evenwithtuitionhikes,California'scommunitycollegesaresostrappedforcashtheydroppedthousandsofclasseslastspring.Theresult:54,000fewerstudents.

CollapsingInvestments

Manyfamiliesthoughttheyhadasurefireplan:eveniftuitionkeptskyrocketing,theyhadinvestedenoughmoneyalongthewaytomeetthecosts.ThenafannythinghappenedonthewaytoWallStreet.Thoseinvestmentscollapsedwiththestockmarket.Amongtheloserslastyear:thewildlypopular"529"plans--federaltax-exemptcollegesavingsplansofferedbyindividualstates,whichhaveattractedbillionsfromfamiliesaroundthecountry."Wehearfrommanyparentsthatwhattheyhadsetasidedeclinedinvaluesomuchthattheynowdon'thaveenoughtoseetheirstudentsthrough,"saysPennStatefinancialaiddirectorAnnaGriswold,whowitnesseda10percentincreaseinloanapplicationslastyear.Even.withamarketthatmaybeslowlyrecovering,itwilltaketime,perhaps

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2.

Studieshaveshownthat______aretheNo.Ireasonfordivorceforsomecouples.

3.

Theauthorbelievesthatfinancialinstitutionscanreducecreditcrisisif______.

A.positionsandcommitmentswereinitiallyassessedprecisely

B.assetvalueswereaccountedforproperly

C.financialliabilitieswereassignedprecisely

D.positionswerevaluedfairly

4.

"Beingthefifthatbridge"showsustheauthorwasthefifthwhoplayedcards.

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5.

Probablecauseincludesdrug-sniffingdogalertsorwitnessingillegalcontentsin______insidethecar.

6.Fromherresearch,SusanD.Blumsetouttounderstandthatstudentsare______.

A.havinganewunderstandingofcreatingandquoting

B.noteasytogetaccesstotheauthorship

C.onthewaytoacceptnewnotionofauthorship

D.tryingtoredefinethenotionofauthorship

7.Ifyouwanttogetofftothefightstart,youshouldtreatthereceptionistsasyourpotentialbosses.

8.

MostofAntarcticaappearstobeimmunetothebigmeltfornowbecauseit'slargelyinsulatedfromglobaltrendsandit'ssobigastogenerate______.

9.CharleneLiconsideredthatthefuturesocialnetworkswillbe______.

10.

AccordingtothedescriptionofBuckminsterFuller,thetwoadvantagesoftriangleinstrengthwere_____.

11.

Aunanimousdefinitionofculturehasfailedtoemirgebothinsocialanthropologyandeveryadylife.

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12.

Accordingtotheauthor'sprediction,thewebwillbeasmuchawayoflifeasthecarby2008.

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13.Herlastexperimentprovedthataneffectivewayoftakingadvantageofthepowerofluckis______.

14.WhenMomandDadGrowOld

Theprospectoftalkingtoincreasinglyfragileparentsabouttheirfuturecanbe"oneofthemostdifficultchallengesadultchildrenwilleverface,"saysClarissaGreen,aVancouvertherapist."Peopleoftentellmetheydon'twanttoraisesensitiveissueswiththeirparentsaboutbringingincaregiversormoving,"shesays."They'llsay,'Idon'twanttoseedadcry.'"ButGreenusuallyresponds,"What'swrongwiththat?"Adultchildren,shesays,needtotrytojointheirparentsingrievingtheirdecline,acknowledgetheirlivingarrangementsmaynolongerworkand,ifnecessary,helpthemsaygoodbyetotheirbelovedhome."It'ssad.Andit'ssupposedtobe.It'saboutdeathitself."

Therearealmostfourmillionmenandwomenoverage65inCanada.Nearlytwothirdsofthemmanagetopatchtogetherenoughsupport—fromfamily,friends,privateandgovernmentservices—toliveindependentlyuntilvirtuallythedaytheydie,accordingtoStatisticsCanada.

OftheCanadianseniorswholiveto85andover,almostoneinthreeendupbeingmoved—sometimeskicking—togrouplivingforthelastyearsoftheirlives.Eveninthebest-casescenarios(可能出現(xiàn)的情況),suchdislocationscanbringsorrow."Oftenthefamilyfeelsguilty,andtheseniorfeelsabandoned,"saysCharmaineSpencer,aprofessorinthegerontologydepartmentofSimonFraserUniversity.Harassedwiththeirowncareersandchildren,adultchildrenmaypushtheirparentstoofasttomakeamajortransition.

ValMacDonald,executivedirectoroftheB.C.SeniorsServicesSociety,cautionsadultchildrenagainstimposingtheirviewsonagingparents."Manybabyboomerscanbequitepatronizing(高人一等的),"shesays.Likemanywhoworkwithseniors,MacDonaldsuggestsadultchildrendevotemanyconversationsoveralongperiodoftimetocollaboratingontheirparents'future,raisingfeelings,questionsandoptions—gently,butfrankly.However,manymiddle-agedadults,accordingtothespecialists,justmuddle(應(yīng)付)throughwiththeiragingparents.

WhentheparentsofNancyWoodsofMulmurHills,Ont.,wereintheirmid-80s,theymadethedecisiontodownsizefromtheirlargefamilyhometoanapartmentinToronto.AsWoods'sparents,GeorgeandBernice,becamemorefrail,shebelievedtheyknewshehadtheirbestinterestsatheart.TheyagreedtohersuggestiontohaveMealsonWheelsstartdeliveringlunchesanddinners.However,yearslater,afteracrisis,Woodsdiscoveredherparentshadtakentothrowingoutthepreparedmeals.Herdadhadappreciatedthem,butBernicehadcometobelievetheywerepoisoned."Myfatherwassoloyal,"saysWoods,"hehadhidthatmymotherwasoverwhelmedbyparanoia(偏執(zhí)狂)."Toherhorror,Woodsdiscoveredherdadandmomwere"livingoncrackersandoatmealporridge"andwereweakeningfromtheimpoverisheddiet.HerdadwasalsofallingapartwiththestressofprovidingforBernice—acommonproblemwhenonespousetriestodoeverythingforanailingpartner."Thespousewho'sbeingcaredformightbedoingwellathome,"saysSpencer,"butoftentheotherspouseisburnedoutandendsupbeinghospitalized."

Fortunately,outsidehelpisoftenavailabletopeoplestrugglingthroughtheoften-distressingprocessofhelpingtheirparentsexploreanimportantshift.Sonsanddaughterscanbringinbrochuresorbooksonseniors'issues,aswellasintroducegovernmenthealth-careworkersorstaffatvariousagencies,tohelpraiseissuesandopenupdiscussions,saysValMacDonald,whosenonprofitorganizationrespondstothousandsofcallsayearfromBritishColumbiansdesperateforinformationabouthowtoweavethroughthedizzyingarrayofseniorsservicesandhousingoptions.Thelonglistofthingstodo,saysMacDonald,includesassessingtheirabilitytoliveindependently;determiningyourcomfortlevelwithsuchthingsa

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15.Automation

Thetermautomationwascoinedaround1946bytheautomobileindustrytodescribetheincreaseduseofautomaticdevicesandcontrolsinmechanizedproductionlines.Today,itiswidelyusedinamanufacturingcontextbutisalsoappliedoutsideofmanufacturinginconnectionwithavarietyofsystemsinwhichthereisasignificantsubstitutionofmechanical,electrical,orcomputerizedactionforhumaneffortandintelligence.AnoperationiscommonlydescribedasautomatedifitisSubstantiallymoreautomaticthanitspredecessor.

Initsmostgeneralusage,automationcanbedefinedasatechnologyconcernedwithcarryingoutaprocessbymeansofprogrammedcommandscombinedwiththeautomaticfeedbackofdatarelatingtotheexecutionofthosecommands.Theresultingsystemiscapableofoperatingwithouthumanintervention.Thedevelopmentofthistechnologyhasbecomeincreasinglydependentontheuseofcomputersandcomputer-relatedtechnologies.Asaconsequence,automatedsystemshavebecomesophisticatedandcomplex.Advancedsystemsofthissortnowrepresentalevelofcapabilityandperformancethatsurpassinmanywaystheabilitiesofhumanstoaccomplishthesameactivities.

Automationtechnologyhasmaturedtoapointwhereanumberofothertechnologieshavedevelopedfromitandhaveachievedarecognitionandstatusoftheirown.Roboticsisonesuchtechnology.Itisaspecializedbranchofautomationinwhichtheautomatedmachinepossessescertaincharacteristics.Themosttypicalhumanlikecharacteristicofamodernindustrialrobotisitspoweredmechanicalarm.Therobot'sarmcanbeprogrammedtodoasequenceofmotionstoperform.usefultasks,suchasloadingandunloadingpartsataproductionmachineormakingasequenceofspot-weldsonthebodyofanautomobile.Therobotwillrepeatthemotionpatternuntilitisreprogrammedtoperform.somealternativetask.Astheseexamplesofrobotapplicationssuggest,anindustrialrobotistypicallyusedtoreplaceahumanworkerinafactoryoperation.

Thefieldofroboticshasitsrootsinthedevelopmentofautomationtechnology.Numericalcontrol(NC)andtelechericsaretwoimportantareasoftechnologythatconstitutethefoundationsofroboticstechnology.

Overtheyears,thesocialmeritsofautomationhavebeenarguedbylabourleaders,governmentofficials,businessexecutives,andcollegeprofessors.Nodoubtthebiggestcontroversyhasfocusedontheemploymentissue:Whatistheeffectofautomationonemployment?Thereareotherimportantaspectsoftheautomationissueaswell,includingitseffectonproductivity,economiccompetition,education,andqualityoflife.

Theadvantagescommonlyattributedtoautomationincludeincreasedproductionrates,moreefficientuseofmaterials,betterproductquality,improvedsafety,shorterworkweeksforlabour,andreductionoffactoryleadtimes.

Automatedmachinesareusuallydesignedtooperateathigherproductionratesthanhumansarecapableofachieving.Thisincreasedproductivityhasbeenoneofthebiggestreasonsforjustifyingtheadoptionofautomatedsystems.Notwithstandingtheclaimsofhighqualityfromgoodworkmanshipbyhumans,automatedsystemsaregenerallycapableofcarryingoutthemanufacturingprocesswithlessvariabilitythathumansmake,thusyieldinggreatercontrolandconsistencyofproductquality.Inaddition,theincreasedprocesscontrolmakespossiblemoreefficientuseofmaterials,resultinginlesswaste.

Automatedmanufacturingsystemsoften,removeworkersfromtheworkplace,thussafeguardingthemagainsthazardsintheworkenvironment.IntheUnitedStates,theOccupationalSafetyandHealthActof1970(OSHA)wasenactedwiththeobjectiveofmakingworksaferandprotectingthephysicalwell-beingoftheworkerona

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16.

Web-basedapplicationsareprogramsthatsit______andtalktoyouthroughaWebbrowser.

17.AccordingtoDr.Joseph,journalinghelpsunemployedpeople______.

A.haveanobjectivecommentonthemselves

B.healfromthehurtfeelingscausedbythelayoff

C.haveaninsightonthesituationofthejobmarket

D.becomeignorantofothers'opinionsonthem

18.

Traditionalstrategyofmakingoneselfadvertisedmaysometimesbringunexpectednegativeeffectapartfromhighcost.

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19.

Hayfoundthatparentsoftwinstendtofavorthefirst-bornbaby,givingthattwinmoretimeandattention.Evenwhentheystartschool,thefirst-borntwindoesbetterthanthesecond-born.

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20.BirthControl

Thetermbirthcontrolreferstothevolitional(自覺(jué)的)controlofthenumberandspacingofchildreninafamily.Itencompassesthewiderangeofrationalandirrationalmethodsthathavebeenusedintheattempttoregulatehumanfertility,aswellastheresponseofindividualsandofgroupswithinsocietytothechoicesofferedbysuchmethods.Birthcontrolhasbeenandremainscontroversial.TheU.S.reformerMargaretSangercoinedthephrasein1914～1915and,likethesocialmovementshefounded,thetermhasbeencaughtupinaquestforacceptance,generatingmanysynonyms,familyplanning,plannedparenthood,responsibleparenthood,voluntaryparenthood,contraception,fertilityregulation,andfertilitycontrol.

Humanreproductioninvolvesarangeofactivitiesandevents,fromsexualintercoursethroughbirth,anddependsaswellonaseriesofphysiologicalinteractions,suchasthetimingofovulationwithinthemenstrualcycle.Thevisibleeventsarecentraltothetransmissionoflifeandhavebeensubjecttosocialandreligiouscontrol.Theinvisiblefactorsinhumanreproductiongaveriseearlyontospeculationandinmoderntimeshavebecomethetopicofscientificinvestigationandmanipulation.Newknowledgerelevanttobirthcontrolhasdiffusedatdifferentratesthroughvarioussocialgroupsandhasnotalwaysbeenavailabletothosewiththegreatestneed.Hence,theconflictsandcontroversiessurroundingbirthcontrolhavebeencomplexandimpassioned.Thedisagreementoverbirthcontrolarisesinpartfromthedebateoverwhatisnaturalandwhatisartificial(and,tosome,unacceptable).

In1790aVenetianmonk,GianmariaOrtis,concludedthathumanpopulationgrowthcouldnotcontinueindefinitely.Malthus'workafewyearslaterstimulatedmorediscussionandalsoprovidedtheintellectualcluethatinspiredCharlesDarwin'stheoryofbiologicalevolutionthroughthesurvivalofthefittest.In1798ThomasMalthuswroteAnEssayonthePrincipleofPopulation.Itposedtheconundrum(大難題)ofgeometricalpopulationgrowth'soutstrippingarithmeticexpansioninresources.Thedebateabouthumannumbersremainedacademic,however,untilthe1950s,whenasurgeinpopulationoccurredasaresultofthecomparativepeaceandprosperityfollowingWorldWarⅡ.

InMalthus'timeworldpopulationwasunder1,000,000,000,andwhenSangerandStopesopenedthefirstbirthcontrolclinicspopulationwasstilllessthan2,000,000,000.In1960globalpopulationsurpassed3,000,000,000,andthenext1,000,000,000wasaddedinamere15years.Inthe19thcenturythepopulationofindustrializednationsrarelygrewbymorethat1percentperannum,butinthe1960sand'70smanydevelopingcountriesexplodedatarateof2to3percentperyear.

Rapidpopulationgrowthhasseveraleconomicconsequences.Itrequiresheavierinvestmentineducation,health,andtransportmerelytomaintaintheseservicesattheirpreviouslevel;yet,theworkingpopulationhasahigherburdenofdependencetosupport,makingbothindividualandnationalsavingmoredifficult.Althoughpopulationgrowthisnottheonlyproblemdividingrichandpoorcountries,itisoneimportantvariablethathaswidenedthegapingrowthinpercapitaincomebetweendevelopedanddevelopingnations.Advocatesofbirthcontrolseeitasameanstopreventthepersonalandsocialpressuresthatresultfromrapidpopulationgrowth.

Thereisamarkedrelationshipbetweenpatternsofreproductionandtheriskofdeathtothemotherandherchild.Maternaldeathsandinfantmortalityareupto60percenthigheramonggirlsunder15thanamongwomenwhohaveachildintheirearly20s.Theriskofdeathtothemotherandherchildrisesagaininthesecondhalfofthe30s.Maternalandinfantmortalityislowestforthesecondandthirddeliveries.

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二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.

【B4】

22.(36)

A.Funny.B.Clever.C.Brave.D.Stupid.

23.聽(tīng)力原文：W：ThankyousomuchforapplyingforthepositionoftheAccountant-generalandforcomingtothisinterviewtoday．

M：I'msohappytohavetheopportunitytotalkwithyouandIwilldomybestforthecompanyifIamluckyenoughtogethired．

Q：Whatarethetwospeakersdoing?

(16)

A.DiscussingabouttheirAccountant-general.

B.Havinganinterview.

C.Goingthroughatrialinacourt.

D.Carryingoutaprogram.

24.聽(tīng)力原文：M:Hello,Ann.Ihaven'tseenyouinawhile.Whatseemstobetheproblem?

W:ActuallyI'malittleembarrassedaboutcominghere.Ifeelfreerightnow,butyouknowhowmuchstuffisgoingaround.AnywayeveryyeararoundtheholidayslikeclockworkIcomedownwithsomething.

M:Soyou'reinterestedinprevention.Whatsymptomsdoyouusuallyget?

W:Youknow,cough,fever,runnynose,myheadandbonesache,chillseven.I'musuallymiserableforaweekanditendsupruiningmyholidays.

M:Soundsliketypicaltome.Asyousaid,lotsofpeoplegetitwhenthey'reovertired,stressedoutandnoteatingnutritiousfood.Andalsoyouincreaseyourexposuretoaviruswhenyou'reinbigcrowdswherelotsofpeoplearecoughingandsneezing.

W:Icertainlyspendalottimeindepartmentstemsaroundtheholidaysbuyinggiftsforpeople.

M:Yes.Andsoyouincreaseyourexposuretoairborneviruses.

W:SowhatcanIdotowardofftheflu?

M:Actuallyit'sfairlysimple.Getalotofrestandeatwell.Thatwayyourimmunesystemwillbeboosted.Andyou'llbemoreabletowardoffillnesses.

W:Allthesethingsmakesense.Butonemorequestion.Aren'tIboundtogetsickanywayffthere'sanoutbreakinthedorm?

M:Oh,youdidn'tmentionyoulivedinthedormitory.InthatcaseI'dalsosuggestyougetimmunized.Thevaccineavailablepreventsthethreemainsymptomsofinfluenza.Whydon'tyougototheuniversityhealthcenter?Theshotsarefreethem.

W:Really!Thankyou.I'lldoitrightaway.

(23)

A.Tofindoutifshehastheflu.

B.Tofindouthowtomaintainanutritiousdiet.

C.Tofindouthowtopreventillness.

D.Tofindouttheresultsofabloodtest.

25.

【B2】

26.(29)

A.Menneednotdothejob.

B.Mencannotdothejob.

C.Menshouldnotdothejob.

D.Mencanalsodothejobaswellaswomen.

27.(26)

A.Theyusuallyacceptresponsibility.

B.Theyblamefactorsbeyondtheircontrol.

C.Theycomplainabouttheirpersonalproblems.

D.Theycomparetheirbehavior.tothebehavior.ofothers.

28.(42)

29.(22)

A.Turnerismoreinterestedinthenoticeof"OpenforDevonCreamTeas"thantheTownHall.

B.Donalddoesnotwatchtelevisiontoooftenbecausehebelievesthattelevisionprogramsdonotprovideenoughbackgroundforwhathappenedintheworld.

C.DonaldthinksthataDevoncreamteaisbetterthanatinofcoldbeans.

D.TurnerasksDonaldtogethimanewspaperbecausehewantstoknowabouttheweather.

30.(16)

A.40minutes.B.50minutes.C.45minutes.D.55minutes.

31.(25)

A.Climbershavetheopportunitytobeoutsideandenjoythescenery.

B.Climbingisn'tasexpensiveasothersports.

C.Learningtoclimbdoesn'ttakeaverylongtime.

D.Climbersdevelopskillsusefulinotheractivities.

32.

【B3】

33.【B4】

34.聽(tīng)力原文：M:Anthony,didyoufixtheleakyfaucet?

W:No,Ihadtheplumberdoit.

Q:Whathappenedtothefaucet?

(15)

A.Anthonyfixedit.

B.Theplumberfixedit.

C.Itwasleftleaking.

D.Itwasremoved.

35.(31)

A.Youmustbeatleast16tostartthecourses.

B.Youneedtotakeahearingtest.

C.Youlearntodriveintheclassroom.

D.Youcandriveonlywhenanotherpersonisinthecar.

36.(44)

37.聽(tīng)力原文：M:Longtimenosee!Howareyoudoing，Cindy?Whynotgoandhaveacupofcoffeewithmedownstairs?

W:Oh，I'dloveto，butIhavethousandsofthingsontheto-dolist，andIdon'tknowwhenIcanleavetheofficetonight．

Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?

(15)

A.Cindywillhaveacupofcoffeewiththemanlater.

B.Cindyhastoworkovertimeatherofficetonight.

C.Cindydoesn'tlikecoffeeatall.

D.Cindyisleavingtheofficesoon.

38.(15)

A.Runintown.

B.Findaneasierjob.

C.BuyshoesfromtheInternet.

D.Findasaferplacetoexercise.

39.

【B7】

40.(32)

A.Becausemenarelesslikelytobewellarmedwhentheybend.

B.Becausemenseemmoreobedientwhentheybend.

C.Becausemenmorecloselyresemblesamedium-sizeddeerwhentheybend.

D.Becausemenarecuttinggrasswhentheybend.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Theimportanceofandfocusontheinterviewintheworkoftheprintandbroadcastjournalistisreflectedinseveralbooksthathavebeenwrittenonthetopic.Mostofthesebooks,aswellasseveralchapters,mainlyin,butnotlimitedto,journalismandbroadcastinghandbooksandreportingtexts,stressthe"howto"aspectsofjournalisticinterviewingratherthantheconceptualaspectsoftheinterview,itscontextandimplications.Muchofthe"howto"materialisbasedonpersonalexperiencesandgeneralimpressions.Asweknow,injournalismasinotherfields,muchcanbelearnedfromthesystematicstudyofprofessionalpractice.Suchstudybringstogetherevidencefromwhichbroadgeneralizedprinciplescanbedeveloped.

Thereis,ashasbeensuggested,agrowingbodyofresearchliteratureinjournalismandbroadcasting,butverylittlesignificantattentionhasbeendevotedtothestudyoftheinterviewitself.Ontheotherhand,manygeneraltextsaswellasnumerousresearcharticlesoninterviewinginfieldsotherthanjournalismhavebeenwritten.Manyofthesebooksandarticlespresentthetheoreticalandempiricalaspectsoftheinterviewaswellasthetrainingoftheinterviewers.Unhappily,thisplentifulgeneralliteratureaboutinterviewingpayslittleattentiontothejournalisticinterview.Thefactthatthegeneralliteratureoninterviewingdoesnotdealwiththejournalisticinterviewseemstobesurprisingfortworeasons.First,itseemslikelythatmostpeopleinmodernWesternsocietiesaremorefamiliar,atleastinapositivemanner,withjournalisticinterviewingthanwithanyotherform.ofinterviewing.Mostofusareprovablysomewhatfamiliarwiththeclinicalinterview,suchasthatconductedbyphysiciansandpsychologists.Inthesesituationstheprofessionalpersonorinterviewerisinterestedingettinginformationnecessaryforthediagnosisandtreatmentofthepersonseekinghelp.Anotherfamiliarsituationisthejobinterview.However,veryfewofushaveactuallybeeninterviewedpersonallybythemassmedia,particularlybytelevision.Andyet,wehaveavividacquaintancewiththejournalisticinterviewbyvirtueofourrolesasreaders,listeners,andviewers.Evenso,trueunderstandingofthejournalisticinterview,especiallytelevisioninterviews,requiresthoughtfulanalysisandevenstudy,asthisbookindicates.

Themainideaofthefirstparagraphisthatimportanceshouldbeattachedtothesystematicstudyof______.

42.It'salessontaughtateverypoliceacademy(andbycommonsense):ifsomeonefleesacrimescene,there'sreasontobesuspicious.AndifthepersonhopsaflighttoLondon,leavingbehindhismurderedwifeanddaughter,andskippingtheirfuneral,thecaseshouldn'trequireSherlockHolmes.AndsotherewasasenseofrelieflastweekwhenLondonpolicearrestedNeilEntwistle,27,whowillbeextradited(引渡)totheUnitedStatestofacechargesofkillinghiswife,Rachel,and9-month-olddaughter,Lillian,inHopkinton,Massachusetts,onJanuary20.

Thecasehadgottenofftoarockystart.DespiterepeatedsearchesoftheEntwistlehomebyfamily,neighborsandpolice,thebodieswentundiscoveredforseveraldays,hiddenunderapileofquiltsinthemasterbedroom.Theresultinguncertaintyoverthetimeofdeathsledprosecutorstoadmitearlyonthattheycouldn'teventellifEntwistlewasinthecountryatthetimeofthekillings.Althoughprosecutorsimmediatelycalledthehusbanda"personofinterest,"theyalsoexploredotherangles,includingwhetherthekillingscouldberelatedtothecouple'suseofeBay,theonlinemarketplacewherethey'dsoldsoftwarehutrecentlystoppedmakingdeliveries—leavingbuyerscomplainingofbeingfooled.

Lastweek,however,policefinishedanalyzingagunownedbyRachel'sstepfather,andsaidtheyfoundRachel'sDNAonthemuzzle(槍口)andNeil'sonthehandle.SinceNeilknewwherethegunwaskeptandhadkeystohisin-lawshome,policebeli