2023年12月大學(xué)英語4級真題（第三套）

大學(xué)英語四級考試2023年12月真題（第三套Part (30Directions:Supposetheuniversitynewspaperisinvitingsubmissionsfromthestudentsforitscomingeditiononwhatintheiruniversityimpressesthemmost.Youarenowtowriteanessayforsubmission.Youwillhave30minutestowritetheessay.Youshouldwriteatleast旦QwordsbutnomorethanPart Listening (25PartSection

Reading (40Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Whenpeoplesetouttoimprovetheirhealth,theyusuallytakeafamiliarpath:startingahealthydiet,gettingbettersleep,anddoingregularexercise.Eachofthesebehaviorsisimportant,ofcourse,buttheyall_fQ_physicalhealth—andagrowingbodyofresearchsuggeststhatsocialhealthisjustas,ifnotmore,to_JJ_well-OnerecentstudypublishedinthejournalPLOSONE,forexample,foundthatthestrengthofaperson'ssocialcirclewasabetter_1Lofself-reportedstresshappinessandwell-beinglevelsthanfitnesstrackerdataonphysicalactivity,heartrateandsleep.Thatfindingsuggeststhatthe“立2._selfrepresentedbyendlessamountsofhealthdatadoesn'ttellthewhole＿皿There'salsoaqualifiedself,whichiswhoIam,whataremyactivities,mysocialnetwork,andalloftheseaspectsarenot_ll_inanyofthesemeasurements.Thisideaissupportedbyplentyof芷research.Studieshaveshownthatsocialsupport—whetheritcomesfromfriends,familymembersoraspouse—isJJassociatedwithbettermentalandphysicalhealth.Arichsociallifethesestudiessuggest,canlowerstresslevelsimprovemoodencouragepositivehealthbehaviorsanddiscouragedamagingones,boosthearthealthandimproveillness一斗rates.Socialisolation,meanwhile,islinkedtohigherratesofphysicaldiseasesandmentalhealthconditions.It'sasignificantproblem,]_i_sincelonelinessisemergingasawidespreadpublichealthprobleminmany ?? I) J) K) L) M) N) 0)SectionDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.TeenagersandsocialAsaparentoftwoboysatprimaryschool,Iworryabouttheissuesassociatedwithteenagersandsocialmedia.Newspapersareconstantlyfilledwithfrighteningaccountsofdrugaddictionandaggressivebehavioursupposedlycausedbyviolentvideogames.Butevenwhentheseaccountstouchonrealconcerns,theydonotreallyreflectthegreatmassofeverydayteenagesocialbehaviour:theonlinechat,thetexting,thesurfing,andtheemergenceofanewteenagespherethatisconducteddigitally.Newtechnologiesalwaysprovokegenerationalpanic,whichusuallyhasmoretodowithadultfearsthanwiththelivesofteenagers.Inthe1930s,parentsworriedthatradiowasgaining"anirresistibleholdoftheirchildren".Inthe80s,thegreatdangerwastheSonyWalkman（隨身聽）．Whenyoulookattoday'sdigitalactivity,thefactsaremuchmorepositivethanyoumightexpect.Indeed,socialscientistswhostudyyoungpeoplehavefoundthattheirdigitalusecanbeinventiveandevenbeneficial.Thisistruenotjustintennsoftheirsociallives,buttheireducationtoo.Soifyouuseatonofsocialmedia,doyoubecomeunable,orunwilling,toengageinface-to-facecontact?Theevidencesuggestsnot.ResearchbyAmandaLenhartofthePewResearchCentre,aUSthinktank,foundthatthemostpassionatetextersarealsothekidsmostlikelytospendtimewithfriendsinperson.Onefonnofsocialisingdoesn'treplacetheother.Itexpandsit."Kidsstillspendtimefacetoface,"Lenhartsays.Indeed,astheygetolderandaregivenmorefreedom,theyofteneaseuponsocialnetworking.Earlyon,thewebistheir"thirdspace",butbythelateteens,it'sreplacedinreactiontogreaterindependence.TheyhavetobeonFacebook,toknowwhat'sgoingonamongfriendsandfamily,buttheyareambivalent（有矛盾心理的）aboutitsaysRebeccaEynonaresearchfellowattheOxfordInternetInstitute,whohasinterviewedabout200Britishteenagersoverthreeyears.Astheygainexperiencewithlivingonline,theybegintoadjusttheirbehaviour,strugglingwithnewcommunicationskills,astheydointherealworld.Parentsarewrongtoworrythatkidsdon'tcareaboutprivacy.Infact,theyspendhourschangingFacebooksettingsorusingquick-deletesharingtools,suchasSnapchat,tominimisetheirtraces.OrtheypostaphotographonInstagram,haveapleasantconversationwithfriendsandthendeleteitsothatnoThisisnottosaythatkidsalwaysusegoodjudgment.Likeeveryoneelse,theymakemistakes—seriousones.Butworkingouthowtobehaveonlineisanewsocialskill.Whilethere'splentyofdramaandmessinessonline,itisnot,formostteens,acycleofnon-stopabuse:aPewstudyfoundonly15%ofteenssaidsomeonehadbulliedthemonlineinthelast12months.Butsurelyallthisshort-formw門tingisaffectingliteracy?Certainly,teachersworry.Theysaythatkidsuseoverlycasuallanguageandtext-speakinwriting,anddon'thaveasmuchpatienceforlongreadingandcomplexarguments.Yetstudiesoffirst-yearcollegepaperssuggesttheseanxietiesmaybepartlybasedonerrorsin"freshmancomposition"papersgoingbackto1917,shefoundthattheywerevirtuallyidenticaltoButevenaserrorratesstayedstable,studentessayshaveblossomedinsizeandcomplexity.Theyarenowsixtimeslongerand,unlikeolder"whatIdidthissurmner"essays,theyofferargumentssupportedbyevidence.Why?Computershavevastlyincreasedtheabilityofstudentstogatherinformation,sampledifferentpointsofviewandwritemorefluidly.WhenlinguistNaomiBaronstudiedstudents'instantmessagingeventhereshefoundsurprisinglyrareusageofshortformssuchas"u"for"you",andasstudentsgotolder,theybegantowriteinmoregrammaticalsentences.Thatisbecausetheywanttoappearmoreadult,andtheyknowhowadultsareexpectedtowrite.Clearly,teachingteensformalwritingisstillcrucial,buttextingprobablyisn'tdestroyingtheirabilitytolearnit.Itisprobablytruethatfewerkidsareheavyreaderscomparedwithtwogenerationsago,whencheappaperbacksboostedratesofreading.Butevenbackthen,aminorityofpeople—perhaps20%—werelifelongheavyreaders,anditwascableTV,nottheinternet,thatstruckablowatthatcultureinthe1980s.Still,15%ormoreofkidsarefoundtobedeeplybookish.Infact,theonlineworldofferskidsremarkableopportunitiestobecomeliterateandcreativebecauseyoungpeoplecannowpublishideasnotjusttotheirfriends,buttotheworld.Anditturnsoutthatwhentheywriteforstrangers,theirsenseof"authenticaudience"makesthemworkharder,pushthemselvesfurther,andcreatepowerfulnewcommunicativeforms.Fewwoulddenythattoomuchtimeonlinecanbeharmful.Someofthedangersareemotional:hurtingsomeonefromadistanceisnotthesameashurtingthemfacetoface.Ifwe'relucky,thelegalenviromnentwillchangetomaketeenagers'onlineliveslesslikelytohauntthemlateron.Justlastweek,CaliforniapassedalawallowingminorstodemandthatinteetfirmserasetheirdigitalpastandtheEUhasconsideredsimilarlegislation.Distractionisalsoaseriousissue.Whenkidsswitchfromchattomusictohomework,theyareindeedlikelytohavetroubledoingeachtaskwell.Andstudiesshowthatpupilsdon'tfact-checkinformationonline—"smartsearching"isaskillschoolsneedtoteachurgently.It'salsotruethattoomuchsocialnetworkingandgameplayingcancutintoschoolworkandsleep.Thisispreciselywhyparentsstillneedtosetfirmboundariesaroundit,aswithanyotherdistraction.Sowhat'sthebestwaytocope?Thesameboringoldadvicethatappliestoeverythinginparenting:moderation.RebeccaEynonarguesthatit'skeytomodelgoodbehaviour.Parentswhostarenon-stopattheir??phonesanddon'treadbooksarelikelytobreedkidswhowilldothesame.Asever,weoughttobecarefulaboutourownbehaviour.Researchhasfoundtheuseofdigitaltechnologybenefitsnotonlyteenagers'sociallivesbutalsotheirItisurgentthatschoolsteachkidshowtoverifyonlineStudentsnowwritelongerandmorecomplexessaysthantheircounterpartsinpreviousdecadeswhiletheerrorratesremainunchanged.NewspaperreportsofteenagersgiveafalsepictureoftheirParentsareadvisedtomindtheirowndigitalbehaviourandsetagoodexamplefortheirContrarytoparents'belief,kidstryhardtoleaveasfewtracesaspossibleontheStudents'abilitytolearnformalwritingisunlikelytobeaffectedbyHistorically,newtechnologieshavealwayscausedgreatfearsamongThereadingculturewasseriouslyaffectedbycabletelevisionsomefourdecadesTeacherssaythatkids'writingistoocasual,usinglanguagecharacteristicoftextDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingInthehistoryofhorseracing,fewhorseshavecapturedtheaffectionoftheBritishpubliclikeRedRum.Today,threedecadesafterhisretirement,heisstilloneofthebest-knownandmostbelovedracehorsesofallRedRumwaspassedaroundtoseveralownersbeforebeingpurchasedforNoelLeMar.Theagentwhomadethepurchasewasthenow-legendaryhorsetrainerDonald"Ginger"McCain.Itwasn'tapparentatthetime,butRedRumhadaseriousbonediseaseinhisfoot.Formanyhorses(andmanytrainers)thiswouldmeantheendofaracingcareerbeforeitevenbegan.ForGingerandRedRum,though,itwasjustanobstacletogreatnessthathadtobeovercome.RedRum'struetalentcameoutinsteeplechases（障礙賽馬）．Hispower,speedandjumpingabilityhimtohisfirstGrandNationaltitlein1973.Theverynextyear,RedRumreturnedtotakehissecondtitle.Hewasthefi江sthorsetotakesuccessivefrrstssinceReynoldstownin1935-1936.RedRum'sspiritandgracehadalreadybeguntocharmtheleaguesofGrandNationalfans.Inthefollowingtwoyears,RedRumlostoutonthetitle,cominginsecondbothtimes.Whenhereturnedin1977totryagain,hewaslargelyregardedaspasthisprime.Hewas12yearsoldandnotexpectedtoplacehighly.Hesurprisedsportingfansaroundtheworldwhenhecameinaremarkable25lengthsaheadofthenearesthorse,takinghisthirdGrandNationalwin.Tothisday,RedRum'sthirdwinisknownasoneofthegreatestmomentsinhorseracinghistory.RedRumwasheadedfortheGrandNationalonceagainin1978butsufferedaninjuryinoneofhisheelsshortlybeforetherace.Hewasretiredsoonafter,buthispubliclifeandfamebynomeansdecreasedwiththeendofhiscareer.RedRumtraveledalloverthecountryforvariousengagements.Heoftenledpre-raceparadesatAintreeRacecourseandwasapopularguestatcharitybenefitsandpublicevents.WhatdowelearnfromthepassageaboutRedRumtheHecapturedpublicaffectionlongbeforehewonnationalHewonenormousfameandlovefromBritishHebecameamyththreedecadesafterhisHeowedhisgreatsuccesstoseveralwell-knownhorseWhatdidtheseriousbonediseaseinRedRum'sfootmeantohimselfandhisItwassimplyahindrancetheyhadtogetovertoItwassurelyadisadvantagethoughnotconsideredItwasactuallytheendofaracingcareerthathadjustItwasreallyamajorobstaclehardtoovercomeontheirWhatdoestheauthorsayRedRumdidwithhispower,speedandjumpingHewonhisfirstGrandNationaltitleat C)HesurprisedsportingfansworldwideinHetooktwofirstssuccessivelyin1935- D)HetookthreeGrandNationalwinsintheWhatdidpeoplegenerallythinkofRedRumwhenhereturnedtotheracecourseinHehadalreadypassedthepeakofhisracingHewouldhavenorivalinGrandNationalHehadlosthischarmwiththeleaguesofGrandNationalHecouldbeexpectedtorepeathisgloryintheprimeofhisWhatbecameofRedRumafterhiscareerHesufferedfromseverepaininaHespentalmostallhistime

HelivedonvariouscharityHeremainedfamousandPassageQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingPeopleinbusinessoftenmakedecisionsbasedontheirownpersonalfeelingsorinstincts.Itisquitehorrifyingtoseepeoplebeingguidedbysomeunknownforce.Buthowwiseisit,really,toletyourinstinctsdriveyourdecisions?Inthedecision-makingprocess,relyingoninstinctsonlymakessensewhenyouhaveavastexperiencetosupportyou.Simply"feeling"thatsomethingisrightorshouldbedoneishighlysubjectiveandcandrownyou.Ontheotherhand,thereisamorerationalapproachtomakingdecisionsDataandanalysishavelongbeenassociatedwithinforn記ddecisions.Thesereducethelikelihoodoferrorsandincreasethechancesofsuccess.Big,systematicdataismostlythefoundationofmostofourdecisions,personalandbusinessalike.Butwithitsextremeusabilitycomesacomplicationwhatdoyoudoifyoustronglyfeelsomethingshouldnotbedone,evenifthedatainsiststhatitshould?Thisseeminglyeasyquestioniswhatdrivestheneedtounderstandtherelationshipbetweeninstinctsanddatainthedecision-makingprocess.Withoutmakingthingscomplicated,thesolutiontothisdilemmaisusingdataandinstinctsinconjunctiontoarriveatthebestpossibledecisions.··2023年12月四級真題（第三套Instinctivedecisionsarealwaysbackedbypreviousexperiencesorinformation,whichacknowledgesthatinstinctivedecisionshaveworkedinthepast.Decisionsarenotaboutmakingthechoiceandbravingtheconsequencesbecauseyouwanttoblindlytrustyourinstincts.Theyareaboutcombiningyourinnerwisdomwiththeknowledgeofsystematicdatatomakethebestdecisions.Sometimes,rationalanalysisanddataareimpracticaltobeemployedincertainsituations.Absenceofdefinitivecri