表層巖溶系統(tǒng)水化學成因及植被恢復條件下變化趨勢-以廣西馬山弄拉蘭電堂泉為例

表層巖溶系統(tǒng)水化學成因及植被恢復條件下變化趨勢——以廣西馬山弄拉蘭電堂泉為例摘要：

表層巖溶系統(tǒng)是中國南方常見的自然地貌類型，具有豐富的水文地質(zhì)特征和復雜的水化學成因。本文以廣西馬山弄拉蘭電堂泉為例，通過對水化學參數(shù)和生態(tài)環(huán)境的調(diào)查分析，探討了表層巖溶系統(tǒng)水化學成因及植被恢復條件下變化趨勢。

研究表明：①電堂泉水質(zhì)呈現(xiàn)低溶解度、低滲透性的特征，富含Ca2+、Mg2+、HCO3-等化學物質(zhì)，主要起源于巖石風化和二次成巖流體，在不同水位時水化學特征有所變化；②電堂泉流域內(nèi)植被恢復極為緩慢，主要原因是過度了牧草放牧和人類活動干擾，導致的土地退化和土壤侵蝕等問題，但是隨著流域水化學和物理環(huán)境的改善，藍莓、枸杞、松樹等植被逐漸成長，生態(tài)環(huán)境逐步恢復；③綜合分析水文地質(zhì)和生態(tài)環(huán)境的變化趨勢，在未來的幾十年內(nèi)，電堂泉水化學穩(wěn)定性將繼續(xù)增強，植被恢復效果也會愈加顯著。

關(guān)鍵詞：表層巖溶系統(tǒng)；水化學成因；植被恢復；生態(tài)環(huán)境變化趨勢

Introduction:

SurfacekarstsystemsarecommonlandformsinsouthernChinawithrichhydrogeologicalfeaturesandcomplexhydrochemicalorigins.ThispapertakestheexampleoftheNonglaLanderReservoirSpringinMashan,Guangxi,andinvestigatesthehydrochemicalparametersandecologicalenvironmenttoexplorethehydrochemicaloriginsofsurfacekarstsystemsandthechangetrendundervegetationrestorationconditions.

Results:

1.ThewaterqualityoftheNonglaLanderReservoirSpringdisplayscharacteristicsoflowsolubilityandlowpermeability,richinchemicalsubstancessuchasCa2+,Mg2+,HCO3-,etc.,andmainlyoriginatesfromrockweatheringandsecondaryformationfluids.Theremaybesomechangesinhydrochemicalcharacteristicsatdifferentwaterlevels.

2.VegetationrestorationintheNonglaLanderReservoirSpringwatershedisextremelyslow.Themainreasonistheovergrazingandhumanactivityinterferencewhichleadstolanddegradationandsoilerosion.However,withtheimprovementofhydrochemicalandphysicalenvironmental,vegetationsuchasblueberries,Chinesewolfberry,andpinetreesgraduallygrow,andtheecologicalenvironmentgraduallyimproves.

3.Acomprehensiveanalysisofthehydrogeologicalandecologicalenvironmentchangetrendshowsthatinthenextfewdecades,thehydrochemicalstabilityoftheNonglaLanderReservoirSpringwillcontinuetoenhance,andthevegetationrestorationeffectwillbecomemoresignificant.

Conclusion:

Thesurfacekarstsystemhasacomplexhydrochemicaloriginandplaysanimportantroleintheecologicalenvironment.ThisstudyshowsthatvegetationrestorationintheNonglaLanderReservoirSpringwatershedischallenging,butthereishope.Withtheimprovementofhydrochemicalandphysicalenvironmental,vegetationrestorationwillhappengradually,andtheecologicalenvironmentwillalsoimprove.Inadditiontothehydrochemicalparametersandecologicalenvironment,factorssuchasgeology,climate,andhumanactivitiesalsoaffectthesurfacekarstsystem.Thegeologicalfeaturesmaycontrolthedevelopmentandstructureofthekarstsystem,whiletheclimatedeterminesthewatersupplyandrechargerates.Meanwhile,humanactivities,suchasagriculture,logging,mining,andtourism,canallcausedisturbancestothehydrologicalandecologicalbalanceofthesystem.

Therefore,effectivemanagementandconservationofthesurfacekarstsystemrequireamultidisciplinaryapproach.Itinvolvesnotonlyhydrogeologistsandecologistsbutalsogeologists,climatologists,andsocialscientists.Furthermore,communityengagementandeducationarealsovitalinpromotingsustainablepracticesandreducinghumanimpactsonthesystem.

Inconclusion,thestudyofsurfacekarstsystemsiscrucialfortheunderstandingoftheenvironmentandthesustainableuseofresources.ThecaseoftheNonglaLanderReservoirSpringshowsthatalthoughthevegetationrestorationprocessmaybeslowandchallenging,withtheimprovementofhydrochemicalandphysicalenvironmental,thesystemwillgraduallyrecover,andtheecologicalenvironmentwillimprove.Therefore,itisessentialtocontinueresearchingandmanagingsurfacekarstsystemstoensurelong-termsustainabilityandprotectionofnaturalresources.Inadditiontothefactorsmentionedearlier,landusepracticesarealsocrucialinthemanagementandconservationofsurfacekarstsystems.Landusepracticessuchasagriculture,mining,logging,andurbanizationcanalterthehydrologicalcycleandcausegroundwaterdepletion,soilerosion,andsedimentation,andultimatelyleadtothedegradationofkarstecosystems.

Thereisaneedforabalancebetweeneconomicdevelopmentandenvironmentalconservation.Thegovernmentshouldimplementpoliciesthatprotectkarstecosystemsandpromotesustainablelandusepractices.Thiscouldincludetheestablishmentofprotectedareasforkarstsystems,regulationoflandusepractices,andeducationandsensitizationofthepublicontheimportanceofthekarstecosystemtotheenvironmentandtheeconomy.

Effortsshouldalsobemadetoreducepollutioninthekarstsystem.Pollutionfromindustries,miningoperations,anddomesticwastecansignificantlyaffectthequalityofgroundwaterinkarstareas.Thispollutioncancausedevastatingimpactsonhumanandanimalhealth,aswellasaffectthewateravailabilityfordomestic,agricultural,andindustrialuse.

Finally,thereisaneedforcontinuousresearchintosurfacekarstsystemstodevelopeffectivemanagementandconservationstrategies.Newandadvancedtechniquesformonitoringandassessingsurfacekarstsystemshouldbedevelopedandtested.Thisresearcheffortwouldhelpimplementbetterpoliciesandmanagementpractices,ensuringthelong-termprotectionofnaturalresourcesandsustainabilityofthekarstecosystem.

Inconclusion,themanagementandconservationofsurfacekarstsystemsrequireamultidisciplinaryapproachthatincludesgeology,hydrogeology,ecology,climatology,andsocialsciences.Properlandusepractices,reductionofpollution,communityengagementandeducation,andresearchanddevelopmentofeffectivemanagementstrategiesareallessentialforachievingsustainabledevelopmentandprotectionofnaturalresources.Anotherimportantaspectofthemanagementandconservationofsurfacekarstsystemsisthepreservationofbiodiversity.Karstsystemsarehometouniqueanddiverseecosystems,whichsupportarangeofplantandanimalspecies.Thedegradationofkarstecosystemscanleadtothelossofhabitatandbiodiversity,whichcanhavesignificantimpactsonthefunctioningofecosystemsandtheprovisionofgoodsandservices.

Topreservebiodiversityinkarstsystems,itisessentialtoestablishprotectedareasandmanagethemeffectively.Protectedareascanprovidehabitatandrefugeforrareandendangeredspecies,aswellasrestricthumanactivitiesthatmaybedetrimentaltotheecosystem.However,itisequallyimportanttoinvolvelocalcommunitiesinthemanagementofprotectedareas,astheyhavetraditionalknowledgeandunderstandingoftheecosystem,andcanprovidevaluableinsightsintoitsfunctioning.

Effectivemanagementofprotectedareasalsorequiresmonitoringandresearchtounderstandtheecologicalprocessesandspeciesinteractionsinthekarstecosystem.Thisinformationcanbeusedtodevelopeffectiveconservationstrategies,suchasrestoringdegradedhabitats,controllinginvasivespecies,andmanaginghabitatsforthreatenedandendangeredspecies.

Finally,managingandconservingsurfacekarstsystemsshouldalsotakeintoconsiderationtheimpactsofclimatechange.Climatechangecanleadtochangesintemperature,rainfallpatterns,andthefrequencyandseverityofextremeweatherevents.Thesechangescanhavesignificantimpactsonkarstecosystems,includingalterationsinhydrology,vegetation,andspeciesdistribution.

Tomitigatetheimpactsofclimatechangeonkarstecosystems,itisimportanttodevelopadaptationstrategiesthatensuretheresilienceofecosystems.Thesestrategiesmayincludemaintainingconnectivitybetweenhabitats,promotinglandscape-scaleconservation,andusingrestorationtechniquestoenhancetheresilienceofdegradedecosystems.

Overall,themanagementandconservationofsurfacekarstsystemsisacomplexandmultifacetedtaskthatrequirescoordinatedandcollaborativeeffort