高中英語人教版必修三教學(xué)案：Unit-4-Section-1-含答案

Ⅰ.Matchthewordwithitsmeaning.1．a(chǎn)stronomyA．學(xué)說；理論2．systemB．猛烈的；激烈的；強(qiáng)暴的3．theoryC．大氣層；氣氛4．violentD．基本的；基礎(chǔ)的5．a(chǎn)tmosphereE．乘；增加6．fundamentalF．謎；(使)迷惑7．harmfulG．存在；生存8．multiplyH．有害的9．existI．天文學(xué)10．puzzleJ．系統(tǒng)；體系；制度答案：1～5IJABC6～10DHEGFⅡ.Writedownthemeaningofphrasesineachsentence.1．Thetruthwillcometolightintime.遲早2．Asweknow,layingeggsistheantqueen'sfull-timejob.下蛋3．Onceshehasmadeuphermind,nobodycanpreventherfromcarryingouttheplan.阻止4．Whenitwasinmyturn,Iwastooexcitedtospeak.輪到5．Janehasjustgivenbirthtotwins,sohermothermustbeinthehospitallookingafterhernow.分娩6．Myrelationshipwiththeactorsisfundamentaltomyworkasadirector.對……(來說)是基本的Ⅰ.Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthandlifebegan,butancientlegends(傳說)maytellussomethingaboutit.Lookatthefollowingpicturesandfillintheblanks.D．Theearthwasnottoohotandnottoocold.2．Whyareplantsimportantontheearth?A．Theyproduceoxygenforanimals.B．Theyprovidetheshadeforanimals.C．Theyprovideabeautifulscene.D．Theyprotectthesoilfrombeingdestroyed.3．Whatisthecorrectorderaccordingtothetext?①Thecleveranimalswithhandsandfeetappearedandspreadallovertheearth.②The“BigBang”．③Smallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.④65millionyearsago,theageofthedinosaursended.A．②①③④B．④③①②C．②④③①D．②③④①4．Earlyhumansappearedafterdinosaursdiedout________millionyearslater.A．67.6B．62.4C．65D．140答案：1～4CADBⅢ.Study-readingAnalyzethefollowingdifficultsentencesinthetext.1．Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.[嘗試翻譯]沒有人確切地知道地球的起源，因為那是很久以前的事了。2．Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.[嘗試翻譯]隨后它會變成什么沒人能知道，直到38－45億年前，這團(tuán)塵埃才慢慢地形成了一個固態(tài)的球體。3．Whatisevenmoreimportantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface.[句式分析]這是一個復(fù)雜的句子。what引導(dǎo)主語從句；that引導(dǎo)表語從句；as在表語從句中引導(dǎo)狀語從句。[嘗試翻譯] 更重要的是，隨著地球的不斷冷卻，地球表面出現(xiàn)了水。4．Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.[嘗試翻譯]所以在未來的千百萬年中，生命能否在地球上延續(xù)下去將取決于這個問題能否得到解決。[對應(yīng)學(xué)生課下能力提升(十三)]閱讀理解AOfalltheplanets,nonehascaptured(吸引)theworld'simaginationlikeMars.Itsreddish(淡紅的)colorandchangesinbrightnessovertimemaketheplanetanunforgettablesight.InCosmos,thetelevisionscienceseriesfromthe1980s,scientistCarlSagantalkedaboutsometraditionalideasaboutMars.SomeoftheseideasarefromtheEnglishsciencefictionwriterH．G.Wells'TheWaroftheWorlds.OthersarefromthemistakenscienceofPercivalLowell,theAmericanastronomerwhobelievedintelligentbeingslivedonMars.WellsdescribedMartiansasthreatening.Lowellimaginedthemasthehopefulengineersofgreatworks.CarlSagansaidthatbothideasinfluencedthepublicdeeply.Today,Marscontinuestoexcitehumans—notastheobjectofsciencefictionbutofscientificstudy.Spacescientistshavecollectedawealthofinformationfromspacecraftsthathaveorbited(沿軌道運(yùn)行),landedonanddugintotheMartiansurface.TheSmithsonian's“MarsDay”offeredachanceforpeopleofallagestotouchMars,oratleastapieceofit.AllisonandAlyciafromSilverSpring,Maryland,broughttheirchildren,Grace,Sam,RyanandEmma.TheyheardaboutMarsanditsgeologyfromexperts.TheycouldseeatestversionoftheVikinglandersthatreachedMarsinJulyof1976.Theyalsosawmeteorites(隕星)knowntohavecomefromthered,orreddishplanet.Eight-year-oldSamlearnedthattheancientdescriptionofMarsasredisnotexactlyright.Hesaid，“It'sactuallyorangishmorethanredandit'salsokindofbrown.”Emmaissix.ShelearnedaboutthevolcanicactivitythathasshapedthesurfaceofMars.Shesaid，“TheclosestthingtoMars—thestuff—isfromvolcanoesmostly.”“MarsDay”offeredAllisonandAlycia'schildrenachancetolearnmoreaboutaworldthattheyareverylikelytosetfootonwithintheirlifetimes.語篇解讀：在“火星日”，人們可以對火星有更好的了解和認(rèn)識。1．WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A．WhyMartianswereconsideredthreatening.B．WhyMarshascapturedtheworld'simagination.C．WhatpeoplegenerallythoughtofMarsinthepast.D．HowH．G.Wellsgottheideaforhissciencefiction.解析：選C段落大意題。通讀第二段，可知主要是講人們關(guān)于火星的一些傳統(tǒng)認(rèn)識，故選C。2．ItisimpliedinParagraph3that________．A．today'sspacescientistsstillknownothingaboutMarsB．today'sspacescientistsareveryinterestedinMarsC．sciencefictionfilmsarenolongersetinMarsD．spacescientistshaven'tmadeanyprogressinknowingMars解析：選B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“Today,Marscontinuestoexcitehumans—notastheobjectofsciencefictionbutofscientificstudy.”以及后一句“Spacescientistshavecollectedawealthofinformation...”可推斷現(xiàn)在的航天科學(xué)家們對火星很感興趣。3．Whatisthewriter'sattitudetowardtheideathathumanswillsetfootonMars?A．Hethinksitmayhappeninthisyear.B．Hethinksitwillalwaysremainadream.C．Hethinksitwillcometruewithinhundredsofyears.D．Hethinksitmayhappeninthefollowingdecades.解析：選D觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)末段的“aworldthattheyareverylikelytosetfootonwithintheirlifetimes”可知作者認(rèn)為人類在接下來的幾十年內(nèi)就有可能登上火星。4．TheSmithsonian's“MarsDay”mightNOTofferpeopleachanceto________．A．learnaboutthesurfaceofMarsB．seeatestversionofsomeVikinglandersC．seemeteoritesknowntohavecomefromMarsD．sitinaspacecrafttoexperiencethelifeofanastronaut解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。通讀全文，可知作者并沒有提到在火星日，前往參觀的人可以坐在宇宙飛船里體驗宇航員的生活，故選D。BWhenIarrivedat6aminthehospitalkitchen,Rosewasalreadycheckingnametags(標(biāo)簽)onthetrays(托盤)．“Hi,I'mJanet.”Itriedtosoundcheerful,althoughIalreadyknewRose'sreputationforbeingimpossibletoworkwith.“I'mscheduledtoworkwithyouthisweek.”Rose,amiddle-agedwoman,stoppedwhatshewasdoingandlookedcloselyoverherreadingglasses.Icouldtellfromherexpressionshewasn'tpleasedtoseeastudentworker.“Whatdoyouwantmetodo?Startthecoffee？”Iasked.Rosenoddedandwentbacktocheckingnametags.Ifilledthe40-cuppotwithcoldwaterandbeganmakingcoffeewhenRoseyelled,“That'snotthewaytomakecoffee！”Shesteppedinandtookover.NothingIdidpleasedher.Backathome,Istayedaloneinmyroom,fightingbacktears.Ithought,“Maybeshedidn'tfeelwell.Maybeshehadsometrouble.”Idecidedtoforgiveherandtrytogetalongwithher.Thenextmorning,IignoredthehurtfulremarksthrowninmydirectionanddidthingsRose'swayasmuchaspossible.Overthenextfewdaysanamazingthingbegantohappen.Myfocusshiftedfromwhatshewasdoingtome,andIstartedseeingRoseasthepersonshewashurting.Theicytensionbegantomeltaway.Throughouttherestofthesummer,wehadnumerousopportunitiestoworktogether.Eachtimesheseemedhappytoseeme.AsIworkedwiththislonelywoman,Ilistenedtoher—somethingnooneelsehaddone.Ilearnedthatshewasburdenedbyelderlyparentswhoneededhercareandherownhealthproblems.ThatsummerIlearnedalessonI'veneverforgotten.TheworldisfullofpeoplelikeRose—annoying,demanding,unlovable—yethurtinginside.I'vefoundthatloveisthebestwaytoturnanenemyintoafriend.語篇解讀：本文是記敘文。作者通過暑期兼職經(jīng)歷領(lǐng)悟到要善待不好相處的人。5．WhatwasRose'sattitudetowardstheauthorthefirstdaytheymet?A．Polite.B．Curious.C．Dissatisfied.D．Unashamed.解析：選C推理判斷題。由第六段末的“Roseyelled‘That'snotthewaytomakecoffee！’Shesteppedinandtookover.NothingIdidpleasedher.”可推斷，Rose與作者認(rèn)識的當(dāng)天對作者很不滿意。6．Aftergettinghomefromworkthefirstday,theauthor________．A．wasverytiredB．feltquiteupsetC．wasprettylonelyD．feltgenerallyunwell解析：選B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第七段中的“fightingbacktears”可知，作者在第一天工作完回家后感到很不開心。7．WhatdidtheauthordoafterherfirstdayofworkingwithRose?A．ShehurtRose.B．ShehelpedRose.C．SheignoredRose.D．ShetoleratedRose.解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第八段中的“IignoredthehurtfulremarksthrowninmydirectionanddidthingsRose'swayasmuchaspossible”可知，與Rose第一天合作后，作者開始包容Rose。8．Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A．Neverjudgebyappearances.B．Friendshipislovewithunderstanding.C．Misfortunestestthesincerityoffriends.D．Manhasnotagreaterenemythanhimself.解析：選B推理判斷題。由最后兩段尤其是文章末句“I'vefoundthatloveisthebestwaytoturnanenemyintoafriend.”可知，作者對Rose采取了包容的態(tài)度后兩人關(guān)系變得和諧，作者逐漸理解了Rose，且兩人最終成為了朋友。據(jù)此可推斷，友誼就是愛和理解。CItseemswecan'tgetofftheplanetfastenough.TwothirdsofNASA'smoneyisspentonmannedspaceexploration,andthatnumberwillgrowwiththeUSA'sdecisiontosendamantoMarsin2037.We'veseenallthereistoseeonEarth,right?Wrong.Thefinalplaceishere,underthesurfaceofthesea.Headingdownintotheocean,humanlimitsarequicklyreached.At200metres,thewaterisasblackasamoonlessnight.Mostnuclearsubmarines(核潛艇)wouldimplode(內(nèi)爆)beforetheyreach1kmdown.At3km—stilllessthantheaveragedepthoftheocean—there'sagoodchancethatyou'lldiscoveranewspecies.Thedeepest-divingwhalesgonofurther.Attheverybottom,about11kmdown,liestheChallengerDeep,thedeepestpartoftheMarianaTrenchinthePacificOcean.EighteenhumanshavewalkedontheMoon,butonlythreehaveseentheDeepwiththeirowneyes.Yetthingslivedownthere.Bigthings.Averyloudsoundwasonceheardandscientistssuggestedthatitwasproducedbyananimalbiggerthanabluewhale,thelargestcreatureknownontheplanet.Inthelate1990s,deep-watersubmarinewasdroppedintheSouthernOcean,andpassing4，000metres,itdiscoveredsomethinghugepassingunderit.Surprised?Don'tbe.Theoceancovers70%oftheplanet'ssurfaceandwe'vestudiedlessthan5%ofit.WeknowmoreaboutthedarksideoftheMoonthanaboutthebottomofthesea.Onereasonthatweexplorespaceistofindevidenceofotherlifeforms.ThesearchforlifeoutsideofEarthisimportant,butrobotscanlookunderthedryrocksofMarsbetterthanhumans.They'reabsolutelyimportantfordoingoceanresearchtoo,buttheycan'tlookunderthesea.Thecostofexplorationisrising,buttheresultswouldbenefitallourlives.Understandingtheoceanswillhelpusfindnewsourcesoffood,drugsandenergy.Perhapsnowit'stimetobeginanewperiodofseaexploration.Mannedexplorationofspaceissciencefiction(科幻小說).Theadventureofthedeepseaissciencefact.語篇解讀：本文是議論文。作者在文中討論了進(jìn)行海洋探索的重大意義。9．WhatdoweknowabouttheChallengerDeep?A．Bluewhaleslivethere.B．Noonehaseverbeenthere.C．Peopleareterrifiedbythesightofit.D．ItisthedeepestknownlocationonEarth.解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“theChallengerDeep,thedeepestpartoftheMarianaTrenchinthePacificOcean”可知，挑戰(zhàn)號深淵是地球上目前已知的最深的海底。10．WhatdoestheauthorthinkofthediscoveryintheSouthernOcean?A．It'ssurprising.B．It'snowonder.C．It'sworrying.D．It'snosuccess.解析：選B觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Surprised?Don'tbe.Theoceancovers70%oftheplanet'ssurfaceandwe'vestudiedlessthan5%ofit.WeknowmoreaboutthedarksideoftheMoonthanaboutthebottomofthesea.”可知，作者認(rèn)為南冰洋中可能存在比藍(lán)鯨更大生物的發(fā)現(xiàn)不足為奇。11．Whydoweneedtoexplorethesea?A．Seaexplorationischeaperthaneverbefore.B．Wehaveexploredlessthan5%ofthesea.C．Itwillhelpimproveourfuturelife.D．Itwillbenefitspaceexploration.解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“theresultswouldbenefitallourlives.Understandingtheoceanswillhelpusfindnewsourcesoffood,drugsandenergy”可知，海洋探索將造福人類。12．Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellus?A．Spaceexplorationisoflittlevalue.B．Wespendtoomuchmoneyonspacetravel.C．Humans'successliesinhowmuchtheyexplorethesea.D．Theoceanistheplacewhereweshouldmakeourefforts.解析：選D主旨大意題。作者在文章第一段就點(diǎn)出自己的觀點(diǎn)：“Thefinalplaceishere,underthesurfaceofthesea.”，并在接下來的段落中具體論述海洋探索的重大意義。由此可知，D項概括了文章主旨。[課文對譯]HOWLIFEBEGANONTHEEARTHNooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang”thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombinetocreatestarsandotherbodies.Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang”，theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthbecametoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbondioxide,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth'satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimportantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface.WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpresenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossibletheriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsint