新概念第三冊課文精讀詳解5

Lesson17Thelongestsuspensionbridgeintheworld

世界上最長的吊橋

一、［Text］課文

Verrazano,anItalianaboutwhomlittleisknown,sailedintoNewYorkHarbourin

1524andnameditAngouleme.Hedescribeditas'averyagreeablesituation

locatedwithintwosmallhillsinthemidstofwhichflowedagreatriver.'Though

Verrazanoisbynomeansconsideredtobeagreatexplorer,hisnamewillprobably

remainimmortal,foronNovember21st,1964,thegreatestbridgeintheworldwas

namedafterhim.

TheVerrazanoBridge,whichwasdesignedbyOthmarAmmann,joinsBrooklynto

StatenIsland.Ithasaspanof4260feet.Thebridgeissolongthattheshapeofthe

earthhadtobetakenintoaccountbyitsdesigner.Twogreattowerssupportfour

hugecables.Thetowersarebuiltonimmenseunderwaterplatformsmadeofsteel

andconcrete.Theplatformsextendtoadepthofover100feetunderthesea.These

alonetooksixteenmonthstobuild.Abovethesurfaceofthewater,thetowersrise

toaheightofnearly700feet.Theysupportthecablesfromwhichthebridgehas

beensuspended.Eachofthefourcablescontains26,108lengthsofwire.Ithas

beenestimatedthatifthebridgewerepackedwithcars,itwouldstillonlybe

carryingathirdofitstotalcapacity.However,sizeandstrengtharenottheonly

importantthingsaboutthisbridge.Despiteitsimmensity,itisbothsimpleand

elegant,fulfillingitsdesigner'sdreamtocreate'anenormousobjectdrawnas

faintlyaspossible1.

二、［Newwordsandexpressions］生詞和短語

?suspensionn.懸，吊

?agreeableadj.宜人的

?situationn.地點，地方

?locatev.位于

?immortaladj.永生的，流芳百世的

?Brooklynn.布魯克林（紐約一區(qū)名）

?Statenn.斯塔頓（島）

?spann.跨度

?cablen纜索

?concreten.混泥土

?suspendv.懸掛

?lengthn.根，段

?estimatev.估計

?immensityn.巨大

?capacityn.承受量

?elegantadj.優(yōu)美別致的

?faintlyadv.微細地

★suspensionn.懸,吊

suspensionbridge吊橋

suspend:懸掛

Eg.:Thelightissuspendedfromtheceiling.

暫停

Eg.:Thetrainwassuspendedbecauseoftheheavyrain.

suspense:n.擔(dān)心，掛念，懸念

Eg.:Thewonderfulfilmgivemeadeepimpressionbecauseofitssuspense.

Hedidn'ttellusthetruthincaptomeinsuspenseallday.

suspenders吊襪帶

★agreeableadj.宜人的

Todayisagreeable.

agreeablesituation

Hishouseisinaagreeablesituation.

★situationn.地點，地方

location

situatev.

locatev.

BeijingislocatedintheNorthofChina.

JapanislocatedtotheEastofChina.

islocatedto...

★locatev.位于

★immortaladj.永生的，流芳百世的

★Brooklynn.布魯克林（紐約一區(qū)名）

★Statenn.斯塔頓（島）

★spann.跨度

★cablen纜索

★concreten.混泥土

★suspendv.懸掛

★lengthn.根，段

★estimatev.估計

underestimate低估

overestimate高估

Eg.:Ataroughestimate,thecarisworth500thousandRMB.

estimationn.判斷

inmyestimation

★immensityn.巨大

★capacityn.承受量

Areyouclearaboutthecapacityofthecinema?

做某事的能力

haveacapacityfordoingsth.

haveacapacitytodo

ability成功地做到了

Wehaveabilitytofinishtheworkintwodays.

capability內(nèi)在的潛力

havecapabilitytodo

havecapabilityofdoing

Anychilehascapabilityoflearningaforeignlaungugewell.

Anychilehascapabilitytolearnaforeignlaungugewell.

faculty側(cè)重于“主觀的能力”

thefacultyofseeing

thefacultyofhearing

competence勝任工作的能力、資格

Ihavecompetenceforthejob.

★elegantadj.優(yōu)美別致的

Theladyiselegant.

graceful:強調(diào)一個人的體型

elegant:還表示人的舉止很得體，大方

delicate:精致的

★faintlyadv.微細地

三、【課文精析】

sailedinto..■一一句子的主干

aboutwhom----Italian

describesth.as把...描繪成....，認(rèn)為....

常見的動詞有:see,view,lookupon,recoginze,regard,treat,accept

Eg.:Ishoulddescribetheattemptasafailure.

Hismotherregardshimasgenius.

Iaccepthiswordsastrue.

locatedwithintwosmallhillsinthemidstofwhichflowedagreatriver位

于兩座小山之間，一條大河滔滔流過。

located...是過去分詞短語作定語，修飾situation;

inthemidstofwhich引導(dǎo)一個定語從句，which指twosmallhillSo句子結(jié)構(gòu)要倒裝

(flowedagreatriver之前)

inthemidstof,在...之中。

inthemidstoftwosmallhillsflowedagreatriver

Agreatriverflowedinthemiddleofthetwohills.

inthemiddleofthenight==atmidnight

inthemiddleofthewinter

inthemiddleofthesummer

Ilikethevillagelocatedwithintwosmallhills.

Eg.:我們來到了一個農(nóng)莊，在這個農(nóng)莊的前面有一座大山。

Wearrivedatafarmhouse.infrontofwhichisamountain.動詞位于主語之前

though/although/eventhough引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句

用了though,although不能使用but,yet可以用——強調(diào)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。

bynomeans決不，絕對不（加強語氣）

E.:Itisbynomeanspleasanttotakeacrowdedbus.乘坐一輛擁擠的公交車無論如何

不是一件令人高興的事。

notbyanymeans

notatall

Heisn'tsatisfiedwithajobatall.

innoway

innocase

innosense

innocircumstances

remainimmortal

benamedafter

benamedfor

takeone'snamefrom

aspanof:跨度，橋長

takeintoaccount/takeintoconsideration/takeaccountof考慮至U

Eg.:Wehavetotakethedateintoaccountwhenwehavethemeeting.

support:holdup支撐

extend延伸，伸展

arailwayextendstothenextcity

extendtoadepthof深度

extendtoalengthof長度

extendtoawidthof寬度

riseto上升的高度

which指代先行詞cables

11hasbeenestimated/expectedthat..據(jù)估計

Itissaid

Itisreported

Ithasbeenestimated/expected

bepackedwith...作“擠滿...;裝滿....”解

were虛擬語氣

carry承載

athird三分之一

immensity———size

despite==inspiteof

fulfilling:分詞做狀語表結(jié)果

Thebuswasheldupbythesnowstorm,causingthedelay.

herhusbanddiedin1970,leavingherwithtwochildren.

Atlasthepassedhisexamination,fulfillinghisdreamtogoabroad.他終于通過了這

次考試，實現(xiàn)了出國的夢想（現(xiàn)在分詞做結(jié)果狀語，表示一種主動的概念。）

Lesson18Electriccurrentsinmodernart現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)中的電流

一、［Text］課文

Modernsculpturerarelysurprisesusanymore.Theideathatmodernartcanonly

beseeninmuseumsismistaken.Evenpeoplewhotakenointerestinartcannot

havefailedtonoticeexamplesofmodernsculptureondisplayinpublicplaces.

Strangeformsstandingardens,andoutsidebuildingsandshops.Wehavegotquite

usedtothem.Someso-called'modern'pieceshavebeenondisplayfornearlyfifty

years.

Inspiteofthis,somepeople--in-eludingmyself-weresurprisedbyarecent

exhibitionofmodernsculpture.ThefirstthingIsawwhenIenteredtheartgallery

wasanoticewhichsaid:'Donottouchtheexhibits.Someofthemaredangerous!"

Theobjectsondisplaywerepiecesofmovingsculpture.Oddlyshapedformsthat

aresuspendedfromtheceilingandmoveinresponsetoagustofwindarequite

familiartoeverybody.Theseobjects,however,weredifferent.Linedupagainstthe

wall,therewerelongthinwiresattachedtometalspheres.Thesphereshadbeen

magnetizedandattractedorrepelledeachotherallthetime.Inthecentreofthe

hall,therewereanumberoftallstructureswhichcontainedcolouredlights.These

lightsflickeredcontinuouslyliketrafficlightswhichhavegonemad.Sparkswere

emittedfromsmallblackboxesandredlampsflashedonandoffangrily.Itwas

ratherlikeanexhibitionofprehistoricelectronicequipment.ThesePeculiarforms

notonlyseemeddesignedtoshockpeopleemotionally,buttogivethemelectric

shocksaswell!

二、［Newwordsandexpressions）生詞和短語

?currentn.電流

?sculpturen.雕塑

?mistakenadj.錯誤的

?galleryn.美術(shù)館

?exhibitn.展品，陳列品

?oddlyadv.古怪的

?attachv.連，系

?spheren.球體

?magnetizev.使磁化

?repelv.排斥

?flickerv.閃爍

?emitv.放射

?flashv.閃光

?prehistoricadj.史前的，老掉牙的

?electronicadj.電子的

?peculiaradj.奇異的

?shockv.令人震驚，刺激人

?emotionallyadv.感情上

★currentn.電流

currentn.theflowofelectricity電流

acontinuousmovementofwater水流

adj.目前的，現(xiàn)在的；currentaffairs時事

currencyn.流通（貨幣）

currentlyadv.普遍地，通常地，現(xiàn)在，當(dāng)前

★sculpturen.雕塑

sculpturaladj.雕刻的，雕刻般的

sculptorn.雕刻家

★mistakenadj.錯誤的

mistakenadj.incorrect;wrong;misunderstood

Eg.:Theteacherhasmistakenopinionofhispupil.Hedoesn*tusesimpleplain

languageandheisoftenmistaken.

makeamistake/bymistake弄錯了

Hetookmyumbrellabymistake.

andnomistake確實如此（口語）

Eg:Heishonestandnomistake.

mistakevt.

mistakesb.for把某人誤認(rèn)為

Eg.:Yesterday,Imistookhimformyclassmate.

★galleryn.美術(shù)館

★exhibitn.展品，陳列品

exhibit:showinpublic

exhibitionn.展覽會

Eg.:Yesterdaywewenttoanexhibitiontovisitexhibits.

★oddlyadv.古怪的

oddly:strangely

oddadj.古怪的

strangeadj.因為陌生而奇怪的

queeradj.奇特的

Eg.:Look,heiswearingaqueerhat.

fantasticadj.奇妙的

eccentricadj.怪癖的；Heisaneccentricperson.

★attachv.連，系

attachvt.系，拴，粘上，貼上

attachto

Eg.;heattachedthelambtoatree.

attachtosb.forsth.因為某事而把...加在某人身上

Eg.:Wedidn'tattachblametohimforhisfailure.

attachimportancetosth.對某事非常重視

Eg.:Weattachimportancetoeducation.

beattachedtosth.喜歡，喜愛

Eg.:I'mveryattachedtoher.

attachmentn.固定，愛慕，友情，附著

★spheren.球體

★magnetizev.使磁化

magnetizedvt.

Eg.:Theironwasmagnetized.

Hespeechmagnetizedthelisteners.

★repelv.排斥

repelvt.:todriveback;causefeelingsofdislike

Eg.:thedifferentsexesattracteachotherandthesamesexesrepelonthe

contrary.

Letmegoatonce,yourepelme.讓我走，你真讓我惡心。

★flickerv.閃爍

★flashv.閃光

flickerv.shineunsteadily

flashv.shineforamoment

★emitv.放射

emitv.giveoff

emitsound/emitsmell/emitlight/emitheat/emitsmoke

★prehistoricadj.史前的，老掉牙的

peculiaradj.strangeandunusual

Eg.:Thefoodhaspeculiartaste.

I'mfeelingratherpeculiar.

★electronicadj.電子的

?peculiaradj.奇異的

peculiaradj.stangeandunusual

Eg.:Thefoodhaspeculiartaste.

I'mfeelingratherpeculiar.

?shockv.令人震驚，刺激人

getshocked受震動

Atthenews,hegotshocked.

shockn.震驚；getabigshock

?emotionallyadv.感情」二

emotionaladj.易激動的，情緒的，感情脆弱的

Eg.:Ithinkyouagreewithme,womenareoftensaidtobemoreemotionalthan

men.

反義詞unemotional

emotion:n.感情：

Eg.:love,hatred,andgriefareemotions.

feelingn,某時的內(nèi)心感受

Eg.:Ican'tdescribemyfeelingnow.

emotiveadj.引起情緒反應(yīng)的

Thewordhomeismoreemotivethanhouse.

emotionally;emotional;unemotional;emotive;emotion;feeling

三、【課文精析】

rarely:seldom

Keysentence:

Wearenotsurprisedatmodensculpture...

that引導(dǎo)同位語從句，修飾限定theidea的內(nèi)容。

Eg.:TheideathatonecanlearnEnglishwellinEnglish-speakingcountryesis

mistaken.

重點句式結(jié)構(gòu)

whotakenointerestinart修飾說明people

takeinterestin對...感興趣

takedelightin對...感到高興

takepridein對....感到驕傲

showinterestin顯示對....的興趣

cannot;failedto雙重否定意味著肯定；加強語氣

hemusthavepassedhisexaminationlastweek.

Hecannothavefailedtopasshsiexaminationlastweek.

Youmustkeepyourpromise.

Youcan5tfailtokeepyourpromise.

Ondisplay/onshow

Wecanseesculptureseverywhere.

inspiteofthis盡管如此

Keysentence:

ThefirstthingIsawwhenIenteredtheartgallerywasanoticewhichsaid:

Thefirstthing...wasanoticewhichsaid...

Keysentence:

Oddlyshapedformsthataresuspendedfromtheceilingandmovein

responsetoagustofwindarequitefamiliartoeverybody.

Oddly...that...

that引導(dǎo)的定語從句用來限定shapedforms

are...familiarto...謂語

句子主干：Oddlyshapedformsarefamiliartoeverybody

that定語從句中：inresponseto/inreactionto作為對....的反應(yīng)

befamiliartosb,對某人來說很熟悉

Eg.:Thehouseisfamiliartohim.

Idon*treallyrememberwhereIhaveseenhimbefore,buthelooksveryfamiliarto

me.

befamiliarwith熟悉，熟知

Eg.:AreyoufamiliarwiththeplayofShakespeare?

I'mfamiliarwiththatbooktoo.

befamiliartosb./befamiliarwithsth.

linedup過去分詞做狀語，與longthinwires為被動關(guān)系

attachedtometakspheres過去分詞做定語，修飾longthinwires

定語從句

therewerelongthinwiresthatwereattachedtometalspheres.

thercenterofthehall展廳的中央

colouredlights彩色燈泡

continuouslyadv.不停止的

gamad發(fā)瘋，發(fā)狂runmad

Eg.:hemusthavegonemadtodosuchathing.

onandoff:continuously

Eg:Ithasbeenrainingonandoffsincenoon.

Itwasratherlike===Itwasmorelike看起來更像

Keysentence:

...notonlyseemeddesignedtodosth.

notonly...but...aswell

seem系動詞+名詞/形容詞/分詞

Lesson19Averydearcat

一只貴重的寶貝貓

一、［Text］課文

KidnappersarerarelyinterestedinAnimals,buttheyrecentlytookconsiderable

interestinMrsEleanorRamsay'scat.MrsEleanorRamsay,averywealthyold

lady,hassharedaflatwithhercat,Rastus,foragreatmanyyears.Rastusleadsan

orderlylife.Heusuallytakesashortwalkintheeveningsandisalwayshomeby

seveno'clock.Oneevening,however,hefailedtoarrive.MrsRamsaygotvery

worried.Shelookedeverywhereforhimbutcouldnotfindhim.

ThreedayafterRastus'disappearance,MrsRamsayreceivedananonymousletter.

ThewriterstatedthatRastuswasinsafehandsandwouldbereturnedimmediately

ifMrsRamsaypaidaransomof&1000.MrsRamsaywasinstructedtoplacethe

moneyinacardboardboxandtoleaveitoutsideherdoor.Atfirst,shedecidedto

gotothepolice,butfearingthatshewouldneverseeRastusagain--theletterhad

madethatquitedear-shechangedhermind.Shedrew&1000fromherbankand

followedthekidnapper'sinstructions.Thenextmorning,theboxhaddisappeared

butMrsRamsayivassurethatthekidnapperwouldkeephisword.Sureenough,

Rastusarrivedpunctuallyatseveno'clockthatevening.Helookedverywell,though

hewasratherthirsty,forhedrankhalfabottleofmilk.Thepolicewereastounded

whenMrsRamsaytoldthemwhatshehaddone.SheexplainedthatRastuswas

verydeartoher.Consideringtheamountshepaid,hewasdearinmorewaysthan

one!

二、［Newwordsandexpressions］生詞和短語

?dearadj.親愛的，珍貴的；昂貴的

?kidnappern.綁架者，拐騙者

?considerableadj.相當(dāng)大的

?wealthyadj.富的，有錢的

?orderlyadj.有規(guī)律的

?disappearancen.失蹤

?anonymousadj.匿名的

?ransomn.贖金

?cardboardn.硬紙板

?withdraw(withdrew,withdrawn)v.(從銀行)取錢

?punctuallyadv.準(zhǔn)時地

?astoundv.使吃驚

★dearadj.親愛的，珍貴的；昂貴的

Ican*taffordthecarbecauseit5stoodear.

Thecatisdeartome.

costsbdear花了某人很多錢

★kidnappern.綁架者，拐騙者

kidnap綁架

★★★considerableadj.相當(dāng)大的

aconsiderablebusiness大規(guī)模企業(yè)

Hehasgotaconsiderablesuccess.

considerablyadv.

It*sconsiderablycoldertodaythanyesterday.

considerateadj.體貼的

beconsideratetosb對某人很體貼入微

Areyouconsiderateyouwife?

considered經(jīng)過考慮的

lttsmyconsideredopinion.這是我經(jīng)過考慮的看法。

allthingsconsidered就各方面而言

Eg:Allthingsconsidered,hefinishedtheworkwell.

consideringprep&conj.&adv.

Eg.:Consideringhisage,thelittleboyreadsverywell.

considering(that)

consideringadv.

HestudiesEnglishwell,considering.

★wealthyadj.富的，有錢的

★orderlyadj.有規(guī)律的

★disappearancen.失蹤

★anonymousadj.匿名的

★ransomn.贖金

payransomtosb.

Theoldladypaidaransomofonethousandpoundstothekidnapper.

holdsbtoransom綁票(索取贖金)

Theykidnappedtheboyandheldhimtorensom.

★cardboardn.硬紙板

★withdraw(withdrew,withdrawn)v.(從銀行)取錢

★punctuallyadv.準(zhǔn)時地

notearlynorlate

punctualadj.

punctualityn.

★astoundv.使吃驚

語意程度比surprise要強得多

吃驚程度astoud>amaze>astonish>surprise

Hewasastoundedtohearofherdeath.

Theywereamazedtofindthelazygirlcameveryearly.

surprising---->surprised

三、【課文精析】

seldomtakeinterestin

takegreatinterestin

sharesth.withsb.

Isharetheroomwithmyfriend.

foralongtime

disciplinedregular

takeashortwalkgoforastroll

however

lookforfind

after可以和名詞搭配

Threedaysafter-arrival

state;非常正式的聲明

instruct:order

beinstructedtodosth.

Thejournalistwasinstructedtoobtain...

fearing現(xiàn)在分詞做原因狀語

makeitcleartosbthat

TheteacherhasmadeitcleartousthatwemustreadEnglishaloudeveryday.

keephispromise

word表示諾言時，要采用單數(shù)形式

keephiswordbreakhiswordgivesb.one'sword

asgoodasone'sword表示守信用，側(cè)重點在于強調(diào)一個結(jié)果

gobackonone'sword食言

sureenough果然，無疑

Isaidwouldhappen,andsureenoughitdidhappen.

halfabottleofmilk

inmorewaysthanone(way)inmanyways

雙重意義：dearprice昂貴；expensive珍貴

Thecomma逗號的用法

三個或三個以上的詞、短語或句子只用一個并列連接詞來連接，他們之間就要用逗號，并列連接

詞前也要用逗號。

插入語或同位語前后必須用逗號分開

狀語從句位于句首時也要用逗號和主句分隔開來，放在句尾則不需要

非限制性定語從句必須用逗號分開

語次轉(zhuǎn)變詞也應(yīng)該用逗號將其和句子其他成分分開

介詞短語和分詞短語位于句首時也必須加逗號加以分隔

Lesson20Pioneerpilots飛行員的先驅(qū)

一、［Text］課文

In1908LordNorthcliffeofferedaprizeof￡1000tothefirstmanwhowouldfly

acrosstheEnglishChannel.Overayearpassedbeforethefirstattemptwasmade.

OnJuly19th,1909,intheearlymorning,HubertLathamtookofffromtheFrench

coastinhisplanethe'AntoinetteIV'.Hehadtravelledonlysevenmilesacrossthe

Channelwhenhisenginefailedandhewasforcedtolandonthesea.The

'Antoinette1floatedonthewateruntilLathamwaspickedupbyaship.

Twodayslater,LouisBleriotarrivednearCalaiswithaplanecalled'No.XIBleriot

hadbeenmakingplanessince1905andthiswashislatestmodel.Aweekbefore,he

hadcompletedasuccessfuloverlandflightduringwhichhecoveredtwenty-six

miles.Latham,howeverdidnotgiveupeasily.He,too,arrivednearCalaisonthe

samedaywithanew'Antonette1.Itlooksasiftherewouldbeanexcitingrace

acrosstheChannel.BothplanesweregoingtotakeoffonJuly25th,butLatham

failedtogetupearlyenough.Aftermakingashorttestflightat4.15a.m.,Bleriot

setoffhalfanhourlater.Hisgreatflightlastedthirtysevenminutes.Whenhe

landednearDover,thefirstpersontogreethimwasalocalpoliceman.Latham

madeanotherattemptaweeklaterandgotwithinhalfamileofDover,buthewas

unluckyagain.Hisenginefailedandhelandedontheseaforthesecondtime.

二、［Newwordsandexpressions）生詞和短語

?pioneern.先驅(qū)

?lordn.對（英國）貴族的尊稱；勛爵

?Calaisn.加|來（法國港市）

?overlandadj.陸上的

★pioneern.先驅(qū)

youngpioneer

同義詞advocate侶導(dǎo)者

pioneeradulteducation

★lordn.對（英國）貴族的尊稱；勛爵

lordless無郡主的

lordship

lordly昂邁的

duke公爵

marquis侯爵

earl伯爵

viscount子爵

baron男爵