新大計量地理學實驗指導07描述統(tǒng)計分析與探索統(tǒng)計分析

實驗7描述統(tǒng)計分析與探索統(tǒng)計分析要求]S容]7.2.1描述性分析(Descriptives過程)7.2.2探索分析(Explore過程)驗步驟]7.3.1最簡單的描述統(tǒng)計分析過程與實例3.2最簡單的描述統(tǒng)計分析過程1)定義變量，建立數(shù)據(jù)文件并輸入數(shù)據(jù)。3)在左側(cè)的源變量框中選擇一個或多個變量作為待分析變量移入Variable(s)框中。 式中Xi為變量x的第i個觀測值，x為變量x的平均數(shù)，S為變量x的標準差。Options統(tǒng)計結(jié)果顯示3應用實例robberyassaultburglarlarcenyautothftmurderraperobbery,assault,burglar,larceny,autothft變量送入Variable(s)3)選中Savestandardizedvaluesvariables要求計算變量的標準化值，并保存在當前數(shù)據(jù)文擊options按鈕，打開對話框。選中mean,sum,std.deviation,minimum,maximum,range量的頻數(shù)，全距，最小值，最大值，和，均值以及標準差4輸出結(jié)果7.4最簡單的探索統(tǒng)計分析過程與實例.1探索分析概述法：1)檢查數(shù)據(jù)是否有錯誤2)檢查數(shù)據(jù)分布特征.2探索分析過程。3)制定變量為：(f,11),(f,12)(f,13),(m,11),(m,12),(m,13),分組對數(shù)據(jù)進行分析。4)選擇表示變量6)選擇描述統(tǒng)計量ves。OMestimators勢最大似然比的穩(wěn)健估計。sboxplotsODescriptiveONormalityplotswithtests復選項，輸出輸出正太概率與離散概率圖。同時輸出OSpreadvslevelwithlevenetest欄，對所有的散步/層次圖來說，同時輸出回歸直線斜率e8)單擊Options按鈕，展開如圖所示的對話框。在對話框中確定對待缺失值的方式。.3探索分析實例salary(年)edue，工作經(jīng)歷(月)prevexp,種族minority(0:非少數(shù)民族，1：擇變量，指定選項。rocessingSummaryalidsingNrcentNrcentNrcent00(7-1觀測量摘要表)法的男性(Male)觀測量共有258個，它們都沒有缺失值。Descriptives性別StatisticStd.Error薪水女男Mean95%ConfidenceIntervalforMean5%TrimmedMeanMedianVarianceStd.DeviationMinimumMaximumRangeInterquartileRangeSkewnessKurtosisMean95%ConfidenceIntervalforMean5%TrimmedMeanMedianVarianceStd.DeviationMinimumMaximumRangeInterquartileRangeSkewnessKurtosisLowerBoundUpperBoundLowerBoundUpperBound$26031.9$25018.3$27045.6$25248.3$24300.0 5.7E+07$7558.02 $15,750 $58,125 $42,375$7,012.50 634.641$514.258$41441.8$39051.2$43832.4$39445.9$32850.03.8E+08$19499.2 $19,650$135,000$115,350$22675.0 392.780$1213.97(表7-2Salary的描述統(tǒng)計量)ab,c,d分布表示四種M估計統(tǒng)計量的各自加權(quán)常數(shù)。與表7-2的均值比較，發(fā)現(xiàn)M估計值全部要比均值較小(Female=$26031.92,Male=$41,441.78)但是與中位數(shù) (Female=$24300,Male=$32850)十分接近，初步判定觀測量數(shù)據(jù)可能呈現(xiàn)偏態(tài)分布。imatorsersstimatorssiweightb)elsstimatorndrewsWaved女男男,014.73,779.76.57.51(表7-3M估計量)aTheweightingconstantis1.339.bTheweightingconstantis4.685.cTheweightingconstantsare1.700,3.400,and8.500dTheweightingconstantis1.340*pi.ode的5個量最大(最高薪水)和5個最小值(最低薪水)。remeValuesumberalue女女男男g(shù)hestestghestest1123451234512345512345$56,750$55,750$54,375$54,000$15,750$15,900$16,200$16,200$16,200$19,650$21,300$21,300$21,750(表7-4變量的極端值)tsofNormalityKolmogorovSmirnovakdfSig.dfSig.aLillieforsSignificanceCorrection(表7-5。tofHomogeneityofVarianceeneSig.sedonMeanBasedonianBasedondianandwithadjusteddfBasedonmmedmean111(表7-6方差齊性檢驗)StemandLeafPlotforGENDER=男FrequencyStem&Leaf1.&1122234464.002.5555566666666777777778888899993.000000000000001111111233334422.003.55556678994.000023&4.55678&5.5.5569&6.001&88&7.03&7.588.&&remesStemwidth000Eachleaf2case(s)StemandLeafPlotforGENDER=女FrequencyStem&Leaf.001.666666666677777731.002.00000000000001111111111111111112.2222222222222222333333333333332.4444444444444444444444444455555555555522.002.66666666666777777777772.888888999999999997.003.00011113.222333333.444445555.003.667773.88remesStemwidth000Eachleaf1case(s)(b)NormalQ-QPlotof薪水ForGENDER=女ExpectedExpectedNormal3210-1-2-30100002000030000