新目標(biāo)人教版八年級英語下冊語法復(fù)習(xí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)資料

新目標(biāo)人教版八年級英語下冊語法復(fù)習(xí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)資料第1頁/共67頁一、基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+助動詞have/has+動詞的過去分詞肯：e.gI(You)have

studied.He(She,It)hasstudied.We(You,They)havestudied.第2頁/共67頁否：主語+助動詞haven’t+動詞的過去分詞hasn’tI(You)havenot/haven’tstudied.He(She,It)hasnot/hasn’tstudied.We(You,They)havenot/haven’tstudied.havenot=haven’thasnot=hasn’t第3頁/共67頁疑問助動詞Have+主語+動詞的過去分詞…?Hase.g:1)Haveyoustudied?

Yes,I

have./No,Ihaven’t.2)Hashe(she,it)studied?

Yes,he(she,it)has.／No,he(she,it)hasn’t.

3)Haveyou(they)studied?

Yes,we(they)

have.

No,we(they)haven’t.回答:Yes,主語+

have/has.No,主語+haven’t/hasn’t.第4頁/共67頁

練一練1)句型轉(zhuǎn)換:Ihavewrittenmypostcard.否：____________________________.一般疑問及回答：_______________________________?_________________________________Ihaven’twrittenmypostcard.Haveyouwrittenyourpostcard?Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven’t.第5頁/共67頁Ihaven’tfinishedmyhomework.Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven’t.Ihavefinishedmyhomework.2)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連詞成句

I,finish,homework第6頁/共67頁(2)動詞的過去分詞：規(guī)則變化與不規(guī)則變化finish----finished----finishedlive----lived----livedstop----stopped---stoppedcarry----carried----carried1加ed，2加d，3要雙寫，4注意，y變成ied特殊形式特殊記。1.規(guī)則變化與過去式相同;第7頁/共67頁2.不規(guī)則變化am,isarebecomecutdoflygokeeprunwas--beenwere--beenbecame—becomecut-cutdid--doneflew--flownwent--gonekept--keptran--runwritedrivecomebuybringtakemakesitfeedwrote--writtendrove--drivencame--comebought--boughtbrought--broughttook--takenmade--madesat--satfed--fed第8頁/共67頁二、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法

（一）--It’ssodark.--Someonehasturnedoffthelight.(有人剛把燈關(guān)了,對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是:現(xiàn)在很黑)--Areyoufree?--Ihavefinishedmyhomework.Iamfree.(我已經(jīng)完成了家庭作業(yè),對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是很有空)1.用法表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。第9頁/共67頁漢語中常用“已經(jīng)”、“過”、“了”等表達(dá),通常與表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時(shí)間副詞just，already,before,yet,never,ever,sofar,recently等狀語連用。例如：①Ihaveneverheardofthatbefore.②Haveyoueverriddenahorse?③Shehasalreadyfinishedthework.④Haveyoumilkedthecowyet?Yes,Ihavedonethatalready.⑤I’vejustlostmymathbook.2.常用時(shí)間狀語第10頁/共67頁

already和yet的用法already已經(jīng)通常用于肯定句中或句末

yet已經(jīng)，還通常用于疑問句和否定句末我已經(jīng)找到了我的尺子。Ihave______foundmyruler.Ihavefoundmyruler________.否定句:Ihaven’tfoundmyruler______.一般疑問句:Haveyoufoundyourruler____？alreadyalreadyyetyet第11頁/共67頁練一練1.我已經(jīng)看過這部電影。I____________________thefilm.2.你已經(jīng)澆過花了嗎？______you

theflowers______?3.他剛剛完成了家庭作業(yè)。He_______________hishomework.4.我們曾經(jīng)去過五仙山。We______________totheWuxianHills.5.李雷從不抽煙。LiLei_________________.haveseenHavehavewateredfinishedbeensmokedhashasalreadyyetjustevernever第12頁/共67頁表示過去某一時(shí)間已經(jīng)開始、持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（也許還會繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去）動作或狀態(tài)，常和表示一段時(shí)間狀語，如since+過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)…,for+時(shí)間段等連用。（注意：句中謂語動詞要用延續(xù)性動詞）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法

（二）第13頁/共67頁一段時(shí)間的表達(dá)方法有兩種:1）for+一段時(shí)間eg:I____________English______________.

我學(xué)英語已經(jīng)兩年了。forayearfortwoweeksforthreeyearsfortwoyearshavestudied第14頁/共67頁since+2)since+They__________inBeijing____________.

他們自１９８０年就一直住在北京。We’veknowneachother_____we______children.我們從小就認(rèn)識。sincelastweek,since3yearsagosincenine,since2008…sinceyoucametoChinasinceyougothomesince1980havelivedsincewere第15頁/共67頁

注意:for和since所引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語都表示一段時(shí)間.有時(shí)可進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換。對它們提問都用短語：

如：(對劃線部分提問)1.Hehaslivedheresince2004.

Hehaslivedhere_____________．

Hehaslivedhere________________.

_________hashelivedhere?2.IhavestudiedEnglishfor3years.

IhavestudiedEnglish________________.

＿＿＿＿＿h(yuǎn)aveyoustudiedEnglish?fortenyearssincetenyearsagosince3yearsagoHowlongHowlongHowlong（同義句）第16頁/共67頁練習(xí)

一、選用for和since填空:1.Wehaven’tseeneachother______alongtime.2.HisfatherhasbeenintheParty______10yearsago.3.Thefilmhasbeenon______20minutes.4.MrGreenhasworkedhere______hecametoChina.5.Hisgrandparentshavebeendead______severalyears.6.It’sfiveyears_______wemetlasttime.forforforsincesincesince第17頁/共67頁1.我學(xué)習(xí)英語達(dá)到3年了。I

English__________.havelearned2.自從9點(diǎn)鐘以來，我們就在這兒等他。We

forhim__________.havewaited3.自從兩周前以來，他就在練習(xí)打籃球。He

basketball_____________.haspracticed4.自從Lucy來中國以來，她就結(jié)交了許多朋友。Lucy______manyfriends_________________.hasmadefor3yearssince9:00since2weeksagosinceshecametoChina第18頁/共67頁1.她成為一名護(hù)士已經(jīng)三年了。2.我五年前就認(rèn)識李雷了。3.那些相片我已經(jīng)寄給他了。（post）4.我來到這個(gè)學(xué)校后，他就一直教我。5.我剛丟了我的歷史書。Shehasbeenanurseforthreeyears.IhaveknownLileisincefiveyearsago.Ihavealreadypostedthephotostohim.HehastaughtmesinceIcametotheschool.Ihavejustlostmyhistorybook.第19頁/共67頁三、延續(xù)性動詞和終止性(瞬間)動詞

英語的行為動詞大體可以分為兩大類型：一是延續(xù)性的動詞，二是終止性(瞬間)動詞。延續(xù)性動詞是指那些動作意義不會一下完成，而是可以延續(xù)、發(fā)展的動詞。如：work,read,write,study等。這些動詞的完成時(shí)可以和一段時(shí)間狀語連用。eg:Ihavestudied

fortwohours.第20頁/共67頁

終止性(瞬間)動詞是指那些動作一次完成，不能延續(xù)的動詞。如：come,go,buy,die,join,begin等.這些動詞的肯定式不能和段時(shí)間狀語連用。終止性(瞬間)動詞可以用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，但不能和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。如可說“Hehasleft.”“Shehascomeback”但不能說“Hehasleftforthreeyears.”“Shehascomebackfortwodays”如果要表達(dá):1)他已走了三年了.

2)她已經(jīng)回來兩天了可用以下幾種表達(dá)法：第21頁/共67頁1.用含ago等過去時(shí)間狀語的一般過去時(shí)。

1)Heleftherethreeyearsago.2)Shecamebacktwodaysago.2.“Itis+一段時(shí)間＋since＋一般過去時(shí)從句”

1)Itisthreeyearssincehelefthere.2)Itistwodayssincehecameback.3.一段時(shí)間＋haspassed+since+一般過去時(shí)從句1)Threeyearshaspassedsincehelefthere.2)Twodayshaspassedsinceshecameback.以上三種表示方法適用于所有瞬間動詞。第22頁/共67頁

4.另外，還可用其它表示方法，但只適用于部分瞬間動詞。具體辦法是將瞬間動詞轉(zhuǎn)化為表延續(xù)的動詞或者表狀態(tài)的be+名詞／形容詞或副詞／介詞短語等。1).直接轉(zhuǎn)化成延續(xù)性動詞buycatch(get)acoldborrowcome/go/becomehave

haveacoldkeepbe第23頁/共67頁

2).轉(zhuǎn)換成be+名詞

join→

jointhearmyjointhePartygotoschoolbeasoldierbeaPartymemberbeastudent3).轉(zhuǎn)換成be+形容詞或副詞dieleavebeginfinishopenclosefallsleepbedeadbeaway

beon

beoverbeopenbeclosedbeasleepbein…（beamemberof…）第24頁/共67頁4).轉(zhuǎn)換成be+介詞短語

gotoschooljointhearmybein/atschoolbeinthearmy終止性動詞完成時(shí)的否定式表示一種否定狀態(tài)是可以延續(xù)的，所以其否定式可以和段時(shí)間狀語連用。如：Ihaven’tseenhimforages.我好久沒見到他了。（現(xiàn)在仍沒見到他）第25頁/共67頁1.他來中國半年了。HecomesChinaforhalfayear.改為：

。2.李雷買這本字典3天了。LiLeihasboughtadictionaryfor3years.改為：

。3.他的爺爺去世3年了。Hisgrandpahasdiedfor3years.改：

。練一練hasbeeninhadbeendead第26頁/共67頁同義句轉(zhuǎn)換①.我們買這本書三年了.We__________thebookforthreeyears.We__________thebookthreeyearsago.②他感冒三天了.He_________acoldforthreedays.He_______acoldthreedaysago.havehadboughthashadcaught第27頁/共67頁同義句轉(zhuǎn)換①.我們買這本書三年了.We__________thebookforthreeyears.We__________thebookthreeyearsago.②他感冒三天了.He_________acoldforthreedays.He_______acoldthreedaysago.havekeptborrowedhavebeenbecame第28頁/共67頁

⑤

MrBlack死了三年了。

MrBlack______________forthreeyears.MrBlack_______threeyearsago.⑥

小明參軍半年了。XiaoMing_______________forhalfayear.XiaoMing_______thearmyhalfayearago.hasbeendeaddiedhasbeenasoldierjoined第29頁/共67頁

翻譯練習(xí)：

1.我買了這塊手表五年了。

2.這位老人已經(jīng)死了十年了。

Ihaveboughtthiswatchforfiveyears.()Ihavehadthiswatchforfiveyears.

since5yearsago.

Theoldmanhasdiedfortenyears.()Theoldmanhasbeendeadfortenyears.

since10yearsago.WW第30頁/共67頁

3.他已經(jīng)回來三天了。

4.自從六點(diǎn)鐘他就來這兒了。

5.我離開家鄉(xiāng)已十年了。

Hehascomebackfor3days.

Hehasbeenback

for3days.

since3daysago.

Hehascomeheresince6o’clock.

Hehasbeenheresince6o’clock.

Ihavelefthometownfor10years.Ihavebeenawayfromhometownfor10years.WWW第31頁/共67頁四、havegoneto、havebeento、havebeenin1.主語+have/hasgone(to)+某地

某人已經(jīng)去某地了2.主語+have/hasbeen(to)+某地

某人曾經(jīng)到過某地主語+have/hasbeenin+某地+for+時(shí)間

某人去某地多久了He____________Beijing.他已經(jīng)去北京了。He____________Beijingtwice.他曾去過北京兩次。He____________Beijingfor3days.他去北京三天了。

hasgonetohasbeentohasbeenin第32頁/共67頁1.Mikeandhisparents__________thenorthforhalfayear.2.Mumisnotathomenow.she_________theshop.______youever_____tokunming?Never.Where_____you______thesedays?HasJimarrivedyet?Yes,he_______hereforseveraldays.6.WhereisPeter?Idon’tknowwherehe_______.7.HiJim!Where_____you_____?LiLeiislookingforyou.havebeeninhasgonetohavebeenHavebeenhasbeenhasgonehavebeen用Havebeento,havegoneto,havebeenin填空第33頁/共67頁1.她曾去過南京嗎？HassheeverbeentoNanjing?2.你以前從未去過那兒，是嗎？

Youhavenever

beenthere,haveyou?3.我去過桂林，我去年去的。

IhavebeentoGuilin,Iwenttherelastyear.4.她已經(jīng)去南京了。ShehasgonetoNanjing.

第34頁/共67頁五、一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)之比較一般過去時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動作，和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生關(guān)系。而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況。第35頁/共67頁請大家認(rèn)真分析比較下列各例句：Isawthisfilmyesterday.(只說明動作發(fā)生在過去。）

Ihaveseenthisfilm.(強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了.)

2.ShehasreturnedfromParis.

Shereturnedyesterday.3.HehasbeenintheLeagueforthreeyears.(在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù))HejoinedtheLeaguethreeyearsago.

(三年前入團(tuán)，joined為短暫行為。)(她已從巴黎回來了)（她是昨天回來的。）第36頁/共67頁2.一般過去時(shí)常與具體的時(shí)間狀語連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語連用，或無時(shí)間狀語。1)一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語有：yesterday,lastweek，…ago,in1980,inOctober,justnow,等具體的時(shí)間狀語。2)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語有：

for…,since…,ever,never,just,already,yet,inpastyears等不確定的時(shí)間狀語。第37頁/共67頁注意：句子中如有一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞（如yesterday,lastweek,in1960）時(shí)，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，要用過去時(shí)。例如：Tomhaswrittenalettertohisparentslastnight.()Tom______alettertohisparentslastnight.

1.我們上周完成了我們的工作。We________ourworklastweek.2.飛機(jī)十分鐘前起飛了。Theplane__________tenminutesago.3.昨天，她們?nèi)ビ斡玖?。They________________yesterday.

Wfinishedtookoffwentswimmingwrote第38頁/共67頁改錯(cuò)1.HowlonghaveyoubeguntostudyEnglish?2.Ihaveborrowedthisbookfortwoweeks.3.TheriverhasbecomeverydirtysincelastAugust.4.Ourmanagerisawaytoday.HehasbeentoGuangzhouonbusiness.5.Hehasgoneoutfortwoyears.studiedkeptbeengonebeenExercises第39頁/共67頁1.A:I

mypurse.(lose)B:Whatapity.When

you

it?(lose)A:I

itthismorning.(lose)2.A:Ihavewatchedthegame.B:When____you____it?A.havewatchedB.dowatchC.didwatch3.A:AnnhasgonetoShanghai.B:So

herparents.（填詞）4.You’veneverseensuchawonderfulfilmbefore,

?A.haven’tyouB.haveyouC.doyouhavelostlostdidloseChaveBExercises第40頁/共67頁1.他去過兩次瀘州。He____________Luzhou_____.2.他們?nèi)チ宿k公室，將很快回來。They________theoffice.They__________backsoon.3.他在中國四年了。He________China_____fouryears.hasbeentotwicehasbeeninhavegonetowillcomeforExercises第41頁/共67頁4.自從兩年前以來，我就買了這塊手表。I___________thewatch_____twoyears____.5.他已經(jīng)離開一小時(shí)了。He________________anhour.havehadagosincehasbeenawayfor第42頁/共67頁1.Mr.Green____inChinasincefiveyearsago.A.livedB.haslivedC.lives2.Hisgrandma______fortwoyears.A.diedB.hasbeendeadC.hasdied3.A:WhereisHanMeinow?B:She____toShanghai.Shewillbebackintwodays.A.hasgoneB.hasbeenCgoesBBAExercises第43頁/共67頁4.A:

totheUnitedStated?（填詞）

B:No,never,butIwenttoCanadaafewyearsago5.Youhaven’tchangedyourmind,_______?A.doyouB.areyouC.haveyou6.Howlonghaveyou_____thefootballteamoftheschool?A.beenonB.beenC.joinedD.played7.Howlonghaveyou____thisbook?A.boughtB.borrowedC.hadD.lentCHaveyoubeenAC第44頁/共67頁8.--Wherehaveyou_____thesedays?--Ihave_____toBeijingwithmyfriends.

A.been,goneB.been,beenC.gone,beenD.gone,gone9.–Excuseme,__youseenthefilmyet?--Yes,I___itlastnight.A.have,seeB.have,haveseenC.have,seenD.have,saw10.Hehasneverriddenahorsebefore,_____?A.isheB.isn’tC.hasn’tD.hasheBDD第45頁/共67頁中考連接IhavepostedalettertomypenfriendinAmerica

.A.alreadyB.yetC.fortwodays2.Youhaveneverheardsuchastory,

you?A.haven’tB.don’tC.have3.Hisgrandma

formanyyears.A.diedB.hasdiedC.hasbeendeadACC第46頁/共67頁4.Haveyouever

eatfish?Yes,Ihave.ABCD

改錯(cuò)：

.

5.I

mygrandmothersincetwoyearsago.A.don’tseeB.seeC.haven’tseenD.saw6.LinTao’sbeentoShanghai,andso__hissister.A.isB.wasC.hasD.doesB改為eatenCC第47頁/共67頁7.Jackhasawatch.He__itfortwoyears.A.hashadB.hasboughtC.gotD.boughtA8.HowmanyEnglishwords__you__sinceyoucametoourschool?A.have,learnedB.do,learnC.will,learnD.did,learn9.他們已經(jīng)派人去請醫(yī)生了。

They________________adoctor.AAhavealreadysentfor第48頁/共67頁10.OurEnglishteacherisn’there.Shehas__Shanghai.A.beenB.goneC.beentoD.goneto11.WehavelearnedEnglishforthreeyears.(對劃線部分提問)____________you______English?12.從兩年前起他就在這兒。

He___________sincetwoyears______.DHowlonghavelearnedhasbeenhereago第49頁/共67頁13.Howlong__you__heresinceyoucametoChina?A.did,liveB.do,liveC.have,livedD.will,live14.Ann’salreadyreadthisstory-book.(改為否定句)Ann_______readthisstory-book______.14.Ann’salreadyreadthisstory-book.(改為否定句Ann_______readthisstory-book______.Chasn’tyetnevernot第50頁/共67頁A:Goodmorning,doctor.B:Goodmorning.What’s______withyou,boy?A:Ihavehadaheadacheanda________.I’mfeelingweaknow.B:How____haveyoubeenlikethis?A:Ever

lastweek.B:Haveyou

yourtemperature?A:Yes,mymotherdid.Shesaiditwasnotveryhigh.完成對話wrongfever/coughlongsincetaken第51頁/共67頁Exercises()1.You’veneverseensuchawonderfulfilmbefore,_______?

A.haven’tyouB.haveyouC.doyouD.don’tyou()2.—Ihavewatchedthegame.—When____you____it?A.have;watchedB.do;watchC.did;watchD.will;watchBC第52頁/共67頁()3.Mr.Green___inChinasincefiveyearsago.A.livedB.haslivedC.livesD.isgoingtolive()4.Hisgrandma______fortwoyears.A.diedB.hasdiedC.wasdeadD.hasbeendeadBD第53頁/共67頁()5.–WhereisHanMeinow?

－She____toShanghai.Shewillbebackintwodays.A.hasgoneB.hasbeenC.goesD.hadgone()6.－_____you____totheUnitedStated?

－No,never,butIwenttoCanadaafewyearsagoA.Have;beenB.Have;goneC.Did;goD.Do;go()7.Youhaven’tchangedyourmind,_______?A.doyouB.areyouC.haveyouD.didyou()8.Howlonghaveyou_____thefootballteamoftheschool?A.playedB.beenatC.joinedDbeenonAACD第54頁/共67頁()9.—Wherehaveyou_____thesedays?—Ihave_____toKunmingwithmyfriends.Abeen,goneBbeen,beenCgone,beenDgone,gone()10.Howlonghaveyou____thisbook?A.boughtB.borrowedC.hadD.lent()11.—Excuseme,____youseenthefilmyet?—Yes,I_____itlastnight.Ahave,seeBhave,haveseenChave,seenDhave,saw()12.Hehasneverriddenahorsebefore,_____?A.isheB.isn’theC.hasn’theD.hasheBCDD第55頁/共67頁()13.-----Whereisyourfather?-----He____Australiaandbe____Sydneyfortwoweeks.A.hasbeento;hasbeeninB.hasgoneto;hasbeeninC.hasbeenin;hasbeentoD.hasgoneto;hasbeento()14.Inthepastfewyearsthere___greatchangesinmyhometown.A.havebeenB.wereC.hadbeenD.are()15.___youever____totheUnitedStates?Yes,twiceHave;goneB.Have;beenC.Do;goD.Were;goingBAB第56頁/共67頁

()16.----IsyourfatheraPartymember?-----Yeshe____thePartythreeyearsago.He___aPartymemberforthreeyears.A.hasjoined;hasbeenB.joined;hasbeenC.joined,wasD.wasjoined;is()17.---Haveyougotreadyforthetrip______?----No,not_____.butI’vebookedtheairticket______.A.yet;already;yetB.already;already;alreadyC;yet;yet;alreadyD.already;yet;yetBC第57頁/共67頁()18.---Whereisyourteacher?----He____toKorea.He_____theretwicebefore.A.hasgone;hasbeenB,hasgone;hasgoneC.hasbeen;hasgoneD.hasbeen;hasbeen()19.ThefilmHarryPotterisreallyinterestingYeah.I____ittwice.A.haveseenB.seeC.willseeD.hadseenAA第58頁/共67頁()20.---Howlonghaveyou_____fromtheUSA?-----Fortwoweeks.A.comebackB.returnedC.gotbackD.beenback()21.He_______thisdictionaryfor5years.He_____itin2004.A.hasbought;boughtB.bought;boughtC.haskept;hasboughtD.hashad;boughtDD第59頁/共67頁()23.----I____thebooktothelibrary.-----When_____you_____it?A.havereturned;did;returnB.havereturned;have;returnedC.retur