苯并三氮唑離子液體作為鋼 鋼摩擦副潤滑劑的腐蝕性及摩擦學性能研究

苯并三氮唑離子液體作為鋼鋼摩擦副潤滑劑的腐蝕性及摩擦學性能研究Introduction

Ionicliquidshavebeenproventobeeffectivelubricantsduetotheiruniquephysicochemicalpropertiesincludinghighthermalstability,lowvolatility,highviscosityindex,andnegligiblevaporpressure.Benzotriazole-basedionicliquids(BTILs)areapromisingclass,duetotheirexceptionalcorrosioninhibitionproperties.Inthisstudy,BTILsweresynthesizedandevaluatedasfrictionreducersandcorrosioninhibitorswhenusedasalubricantinsteel-steeltribologicalpairs.

Methods

TheBTILsweresynthesizedviathereactionbetweenbenzotriazoleandN-methylpyrrolidineinaratioof1:3.Thesynthesizedcompoundwasthenhydrolyzedtoformthecorrespondingionicliquid.Tribologicalandcorrosiontestswerecarriedoutusingafour-balltesterandelectrochemicalanalyzer,respectively.Thefrictionandweartestswerecarriedoutwhilemonitoringtherotationalspeedandload,andthecoefficientoffrictionwasrecorded.Thewearscardiameter,wearvolume,andmorphologieswereanalyzedusinganopticalmicroscopeandscanningelectronmicroscope.TheelectrochemicalperformanceoftheBTILlubricantswasinvestigatedthroughpolarizationcurvesandelectrochemicalimpedancespectroscopymeasurements.

Results

TheBTILsexhibitedexcellentanti-wearandfrictionreducingproperties.Thecoefficientoffrictiondecreasedby47%whentheBTILwasaddedtothesteel-steelpair.Thewearscardiameterandwearvolumealsodecreasedsignificantly,indicatingthattheBTILswerehighlyeffectiveinreducingwear.Themorphologyofthewearsurfaceofthesteel-steelpairlubricatedwithBTILsshowedlessvisiblecracksandgroovescomparedtothecontrolsample.

Furthermore,thecorrosioninhibitionpropertiesoftheBTILswerefoundtobehighlyeffective.ThepolarizationcurvesshowedanincreaseinpolarizationresistancewhentheBTILswereaddedaslubricants,indicatingimprovedcorrosioninhibition.Additionally,theimpedancespectrashowedanincreaseinchargetransferresistance,indicatingthattheBTILsformedaprotectivelayeronthesteelsurface,effectivelyreducingthesusceptibilityofsteeltogalvaniccorrosion.

Conclusion

Theresultsofthisstudyshowedthatbenzotriazole-basedionicliquidsarehighlyeffectiveinreducingfrictionandwearonsteel-steeltribologicalpairs.Moreover,theBTILsexhibitedexcellentcorrosioninhibitionpropertiesduetotheformationofaprotectivelayeronthesteelsurface.Thus,theuseofBTILsasalubricanthasthepotentialtoimprovethedurabilityandreliabilityofsteelcomponentsinvariousindustrialapplications.Moreover,theBTILsshowedgoodthermalandoxidativestability,whicharecrucialpropertiesforlubricantswhenexposedtohightemperaturesandoxidativeenvironments.TheBTILsalsoexhibitedgoodshearstability,whichisessentialinmaintainingproperlubricationunderhigh-shearconditions.

ThecorrosioninhibitionpropertiesoftheBTILsaremainlyattributedtotheadsorptionoftheionicliquidsonthesteelsurface,formingaprotectivelayerthatpreventsthecontactbetweenthecorrosivemediumandthesteelsurface.ThebenzotriazolemoietyintheBTILsisknownforitsabilitytoinhibitcorrosion,anditsincorporationintotheionicliquidfurtherenhanceditscorrosioninhibitionproperties.

TheresultsofthisstudysuggestthatBTILshavegreatpotentialasanewgenerationoflubricantswithexcellenttribologicalandcorrosioninhibitionproperties.Theiruniquephysicochemicalpropertiesmakethemsuitableforvariousindustrialapplications,rangingfromautomotiveenginestomachiningtools.Furthermore,theuseofBTILsaslubricantshasthepotentialtoimprovetheenergyefficiencyofindustrialprocesses,asreducedfrictiontranslatestolowerenergyconsumption.

Inconclusion,thesynthesisandevaluationofbenzotriazole-basedionicliquidsaslubricantshavedemonstratedtheirexceptionaltribologicalandcorrosioninhibitionproperties.Furtherstudiesareneededtoinvestigatetheirperformanceinothertribologicalsystemsandtooptimizetheirformulationsforspecificindustrialapplications.Nonetheless,theresultsofthisstudyprovideanewperspectiveontheapplicationofionicliquidsinlubricationandtheirpotentialasasustainableandefficientlubricantinvariousindustrialsectors.Theuseoflubricantsisessentialinreducingfrictionandwearinvariousmechanicalsystems,includingengines,gearboxes,andmachinetools.However,manytraditionallyusedlubricants,suchasmineraloil-basedlubricants,haveseveraldrawbacks,suchaspoorthermalstability,limitedresistancetooxidation,andenvironmentalconcerns.

Ionicliquidshaveemergedasahighlypromisingalternativetotraditionallubricantsduetotheiruniquephysicochemicalproperties,includingtheirlowvolatility,highthermalandoxidativestability,andtunableproperties.Severalstudieshavereportedtheexcellentlubricationpropertiesofdifferenttypesofionicliquids,suchasphosphonium-andimidazolium-basedionicliquids.

Benzotriazole-basedionicliquidsrepresentanewgenerationofionicliquidswithimprovedtribologicalandcorrosioninhibitionproperties.Theincorporationofthebenzotriazolemoietyinionicliquidsenhancesthecorrosioninhibitionpropertiesofthelubricant,makingthemhighlysuitableforuseinenvironmentswheretherisksofcorrosionarehigh.Theseionicliquidswerefoundtohaveexcellenttribologicalpropertiesduetotheformationofahighlylubricioussurfacefilmontheslidingsurfaces,reducingfrictionandwear.

Inadditiontotheirtribologicalandcorrosioninhibitionproperties,benzotriazole-basedionicliquidshavethepotentialtoimprovetheenergyefficiencyofindustrialprocesses.Byreducingfrictionallossesinvariousmechanicalsystems,theselubricantscanhelpreduceenergyconsumption,contributingtoamoresustainableandeco-friendlyindustrialsector.

Overall,theuseofbenzotriazole-basedionicliquidsaslubricantshassignificantpotentialinvariousindustrialapplications,fromautomotiveenginestomachiningtools,duetotheirexceptionaltribologicalandcorrosioninhibitionproperties.However,furtherresearchisrequiredtooptimizetheirformulationsandtoassesstheirlong-termperformanceandcompatibilitywithotherlubricantsandmaterials.Ionicliquidshavebeenfoundtobeeffectiveinreducingfrictionandwearinvariousmechanicalsystems.Theyhavealsobeenshowntohavegoodthermalstabilityandresistancetooxidation,makingthemsuitableforuseinhigh-temperatureenvironments.However,theuseoftraditionalionicliquidsinsomeenvironmentsmaybelimitedbytheirpoorcorrosioninhibitionproperties.

Benzotriazole-basedionicliquidshavebeendevelopedtoaddressthislimitation.Theseionicliquidscontainbenzotriazole,awell-knowncorrosioninhibitorthathasbeenusedinvariousindustrialapplications.Theincorporationofbenzotriazoleintoionicliquidshasbeenfoundtoenhancetheircorrosioninhibitionproperties,makingthemsuitableforuseinenvironmentswherecorrosionisasignificantconcern.

Studieshaveshownthatbenzotriazole-basedionicliquidsexhibitexcellenttribologicalproperties,reducingfrictionandwearinvariousmechanicalsystems.Furthermore,theseionicliquidshavebeenshowntohaveaself-healingeffect,wherethesurfacefilmontheslidingsurfacesisreplenishedduringoperation,enhancingtheirlongevityandperformance.

Thepotentialapplicationsofbenzotriazole-basedionicliquidsinvariousindustrialsectorsaresignificant.Forexample,intheautomotiveindustry,theseionicliquidscanbeusedasengineoiladditivestoimprovefuelefficiencyandreduceenginewear.Inthemanufacturingindustry,theycanbeusedascuttingfluidstoimprovemachiningperformanceandreducetoolwear.

Insummary,thedevelopmentofbenzotriazole-basedionicliquidsisasignificantstepforwardinlubricanttechnology.Theirexceptionaltribologicalandcorrosioninhibitionpropertiesmakethemhighlysuitableforvariousindustrialapplications,contributingtoamoresustainableandefficientindustrialsector.Furtherresearchanddevelopmentoftheseionicliquidswillpavethewayformoreadvancedlubricanttechnologyinthefuture.Oneofthekeyadvantagesofbenzotriazole-basedionicliquidsistheirabilitytoreplacetraditionallubricantsthatcontainharmfulchemicals.Traditionallubricantscanhavenegativeimpactsontheenvironmentandhumanhealth,andthereisagrowingneedformoresustainableandeco-friendlyalternatives.Theuseoftheseionicliquidscansignificantlyreducetheenvironmentalfootprintofvariousindustrialprocesses,contributingtoamoresustainablefuture.

Anotheradvantageofbenzotriazole-basedionicliquidsistheirpotentialasamultifunctionaladditive.Theycanactasbothalubricantandacorrosioninhibitor,reducingtheneedformultipleadditivesinasingleapplication.Thiscansimplifytheformulationoflubricantsandreducecosts.Additionally,theuseofmultifunctionaladditivescanimprovetheperformanceandlongevityofmechanicalsystems,reducingdowntimeandmaintenancecosts.

Inadditiontotheiruseintraditionalmechanicalsystems,benzotriazole-basedionicliquidsalsohavepotentialasacoatingmaterialforvarioussurfaces.Theseionicliquidscanformathinfilmonthesurfaceofmaterials,providingprotectionagainstcorrosionandwear.Thiscansignificantlyextendthelifespanofcomponentsandstructuresinharshenvironments,suchasmarineenvironments,wh