北京市2021高考英語一輪專題訓(xùn)練閱讀明白得+說明文閱讀

北京市2021屆高考一輪專題訓(xùn)練

說明文閱讀【2021北京】CChoosingtheRightResolution（決定）MillionsofAmericansbegan2021withthesameresolutiontheystarted2021with,agoaloflosingweight.However,settingweightlossasagoalisamistake.Toreachourgoaloflosingweight---theoutput,weneedtocontrolwhatweeat---theinput（輸入）.Thatis,wetendtocareabouttheoutputbutnottocontroltheinput.Thisisabadwaytoconstrucegoals.Thealternativeistofocusyourresolutionontheinput.Insteadofresolvingtoloseweight,tryanactionableresolution:“I’llstophavingdesertforlunch,”or“I’llwalkeverydayfor20minutes.”Creatingagoalthatfocusesonawell-specifiedinputwilllikelybemoreeffectivethanconcentratingontheoutcome.Recentlyanewsciencebehindincentives（鼓勵）,includingineducation,hasbeendiscussed.Forexample,researcherRolandFryerwantedtoseewhatworksbestinmotivatingchildrentodobetterinschool.Insomecases,hegavestudentsincentivesbasedoninput,likereadingcertainbooks,whileinothers,theincentiveswerebasedonoutput,likeresultsonexams.Hismainfindingwasthatincentivesincreasedachievementwhenbasedoninputbuthadnoeffectonoutput.Fryer’sconclusionwasthattheintensivesforinputsmightbemoreeffectivebecausedonotknoehowtodobetteronexam,asidefromgeneralruleslike“studyharder.”Readingcertainbooks,ontheotherhand,isawell-settaskoverwhichtheyhavemuchmorecontrol.Aslongasyouhavedirectcontroloveryourgoal,youhaveamuchhigherchanceofsuccess.Andit’seasiertostartagainifyoufail,becauseyouknowexactlywhatyouneedtodo.Ifyouwanttocutdownonyourspending,agoodgoalwouldbemakingmorningcoffeeathomeinsteadofgoingtoacafe,forexample.Thisisawell-specifiedaction-basedgoalforwhichyoucanmeasureyoursuccesseasily.Spendinglessmoneyisn’tagoalbecauseit’stoogeneral.Similarly,ifyouwanttospendmoretimewithyourfamily,don’tstopwiththisgeneralwish.Thinkboutanactionablehabitthatyoucouldadoptandstickto,likeafamilymovienighteveryWednesday.Inthelongrun,thesenewgoalscouldbecomeahabit.Thewriterthinksthatsettingweightlossasagoalisamistakebecause .itishardtoachieveformostAmericansitisfocusedtoomuchontheresultitisdependentontoomanythingsitisbasedonactionabledecisionsInRolandFryer’sresearch,somestudentsdidbetterthantheothersbecause .theyobeyedallthegeneralrulestheypaidmoreattentiontoexamstheyweremotivatedbytheirclassmatestheywererewardedforreadingsomebooksAccordingtothewriter,whichofthefollowingstatementsisagoodgoal?A.“I’llgiveupdesert.” B.“I’llstudyharder.”C.“I’llcutdownmyexpense”D.“I’llspendmoretimewithmyfamily”Thewriterstronglybelievesthatweshould .developgoodhabitsandfocusontheoutcomebeoptimisticaboutfinalgoalsandsticktothempickspecificactionsthatcanbeturnedintogoodhabitssetambitiousgoalsthatcanbalancetheinputangoutput【答案】63-66：BDAC【2021北京】DMultitaskingWhatisthefirstthingyouniticewhenyouwalkintoashop?Theproductsdisplayed（展現(xiàn)）attheentrance?Orthesoftbackgroundmusic?Buthaveyouevernoticethesmell?Unlessitisbad,theanswerislikelytobeno.Butwhileashop’sscentmaynotbeoutstandingcomparedwithsightsandsounds,itiscertainlythere.Anditisprovidingtobeanincreasingpowerfultoolinencouragingpeopletopurchase.Abrandstorehasbecomefamousforitsdistinctivescentwhichfloatsthroughthefairlydarkhallandouttotheentrance,viascentmachines.Asmellmaybeattractivebutitmaynotjustbeusedforfresheningair.Onesportsgoodscompanyoncereportedthatwhenitfirstintroducedscentintoitsstores,customers’intensiontopurchaseincreasedby80percent.WhenitcomestothebestshoppingstreetsinPairs,scentisjustasimportanttoabrand’ssuccessasthequalityofitswindowdisplaysandgoodsonslaes.Thatismainlybecauseshoppingisaverydifferentexperiencetowhatitusedtobe.Someyearsago,thefocusforbrandnameshoppingwasonafewpeoplewithsalesassistants’disprovingattitudeanddon’t-touch-what-you-can’t-afforddisplays.Nowtheriseofelectroniccommerce（e-commerce）hasopenedupfamousbrandstoawideraudience.Butwhilee-shopscanusesightsandsounds,onlybricks-and-mortarstores（實體店）canofferafullexperiencefromtheminutecustomersstepthroughthedoortothemomenttheyleave.Anotherbrandstoreseekstobemuchmorethanashop,butratheradestination.Andscentisjustonewaytoachievethis.Nowafamousstoreusescomplexman-madesmelltomakesurethatthesoftscentofbabypowderfloatsthroughthekiddepartment,andcoconut（椰子）scentintheswimsuitsection.Adepartmentstorehasevenopenedanewlab,invitingcustomersonajourneyintothestore’swindowstosmellbooks,potsanddrawers,insearchoftheirperfectscent.Accordingtothepassage,whatisanincreasinglypowerfultoolinthesuccessofsomebrandstore?

Friendlyassistant.Uniquescents.Friendlyassistant.Uniquescents.C.Softbackgroundmusic D.attractivewindowdisplay.E-shopsarementionedinthepassageto .ashowtheadvantagesofbrick-and-mortarstoresurgeshopassistantstochangetheirattitudepushstorestousesightsandsoundsintroducetheriseofe-commerceTheunderlinedword“destination”inParagraph5means .aplatformthatexhibtsgoodsaspotwheretravelersliketostayC.aplacewherecustomerslovetogoatargetthatastoreexpectstomeetThemainpurposeofthepassageisto .A.compareandevaluate B.examineandassessC.argueanddiscuss D.informandexplain【答案】67-70:BACD【2021北京】DWilderness“Inwilderness（荒漠）isthepreservationoftheworld.”Thisisafamoussayingfromawriterregardedasoneofthefathersofenvironmentalism.Thefrequencywithwhichitisborrowedmirrorsaheateddebateonenvironmentalprotection:whethertoplacewildernessattheheartofwhatistobepreserved.AsJohnSauvenofGreenpeaceUKpointsout,thereisastrongappealinimagesofthewild,theuntouched;morethananythingelse,theyspeakofthenaturethatmanypeoplevaluemostdearly.Theurgetoleavethesubjectofsuchimagesuntouchedisstrong,andthedangerexploitation（開發(fā)）bringstosuchlandscapes（景觀）isreal.Someofthesewildernessesalsoperformfunctionsthathumansneed—therainforests,forexample,storecarboninvastquantities.ToMr.Sauven,these”ecosystemservices”faroutweighthegainsfromexploitation.LeeLane,avisitingfellowattheHudsonInstitute,takestheopposingview.Heacknowledgesthatwildernessesdoprovideusefulservices,suchaswaterconservation.Butthatisnot,heargues,areasontoavoidallhumanpresence,orindeedcommercialandindustrialexploitation.ThereareevermorepeopleontheEarth,andtheyreasonablyandrightfullywanttohavebetterlives,ratherthanmerelystruggleforsurvival.Whilethewaysofusingresourceshaveimproved,thereisstillagrowingneedforrawmaterials,andsomewildernessescontaintheminabundance.Iftheycanbetappedwithoutreducingtheservicesthosewildernessesprovide,theargumentgoes,thereisnofurtherreasonnottodoso.Beinguntouchedisnot,initself,acharacteristicworthvaluingaboveallothers.Ilookforwardstoseeingtheseviewstakenfurther,andtotheirbeingchallengedbytheotherparticipants.Onechallengethatsuggestsitselftomeisthatbothcasesneedtotakeonthequestionofspiritualvaluealittlemoredirectly.Andthereisapracticalquestionastowhetherwildernessescanbeexploitedwithoutharm.Thisisatopicthatcallsfornotonlyfreeexpressionoffeelings,butalsotheguidanceofreason.Whatpositionwildernessshouldenjoyinthepreservationoftheworldobviouslydeservesmuchmoreseriousthinking.JohnSauvenholdsthat .manypeoplevaluenaturetoomuchexploitationofwildernessesisharmfulwildernessesprovidehumanswithnecessitiestheurgetodeveloptheecosystemservicesisstrong

WhatisthemainideaofPara.3?Theexploitationisnecessaryforthepoorpeople.Wildernessescannotguaranteebetteruseofrawmaterials.Usefulservicesofwildernessesarenotthereasonfornoexploitation.Allthecharacteristicsconcerningtheexploitationshouldbetreatedequally.Whatistheauthor1sattitudetowardsthisdebate?A.Objective.C.Sceptical.B.Disapproving.A.Objective.C.Sceptical.D.Optimistic.Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthepassage?B.CP:CentralPointD.P:PointSp:Sub-point（次要點）B.CP:CentralPointD.P:PointSp:Sub-point（次要點）C:Conclusion67.B第二段中，Theurgetoleavethesubjectofsuchimagesuntouchedisstrong,andthedangerexploitationbringstosuchlandscapesisreal.CHeacknowledgesthatwildernessesdoprovideusefulservices,butthatisnotareasontoavoidallhumanpresence.AThisisatopicthatcallsfornotonlyfreeexpressionoffeelings,butalsotheguidanceofreason deservesmuchmoreseriousthinking.D總分總的結(jié)構(gòu)類型【2020北京】BSubmissionGuidelinesBeforesendingusamanuscript（稿件），lookthroughrecentissues（刊物）ofthePosttogetanideaoftherangeandstyleofarticleswepublish.Youwilldiscoverthatourfocushasbroadenedtoincludewell-researched,timelyandinformativearticlesonfinance,homeimprovement,travel,humor,andmanyotherfields.ThePost’sgoalistoremainunique,withcontentthatprovidesadditionalunderstandingsontheever-evolvingAmericanscene.Inadditiontofeature-length（專題長度的）articles,thePostbuysanecdotes,cartoons,andphotos.Paymentrangesfrom$25to$400.Ournonfictionneedsincludehow-to,usefularticlesongardening,petcareandtraining,financialplanning,andsubjectsofinteresttoa45-plus,home-lovingreadership.Fornonfictionarticles,indicateanyspecialqualificationsyouhaveforwritingaboutthesubject,especiallyscientificmaterial.Includeoneortwopublishedpieceswithyourarticle.Weprefertypedarticlesbetween1000and2000wordsinlength.Weencourageyoutosendbothprintedandonlineversions.Wealsowelcomenewfiction.Alight,humoroustouchisappreciated.Wearealwaysinneedofstraighthumorarticles.Makeuslaugh,andwe’llbuyit.Featurearticlesaverageabout1000to2000words.Welikepositive,freshanglestoPostarticles,andweaskthattheybethoroughlyresearched.Wenormallyrespondtoarticlesubmissionswithinsixweeks.Youarefreetosubmitthearticleelsewhereatthesametime.PleasesubmitallarticlestoFeaturesEditor,TheSaturdayEveningPost,1100WaterwayBoulevard,Indianapolis,IN46202,（317）634-1100..BeforesendingamanuscripttothePost,acontributorisadvisedto.getabetterunderstandingofAmericanissuesfindouttherangeofthearticlesinthepostincreasehisknowledgeinmanyfieldsD.broadenhisresearchfocus.tosubmitnonfictionarticles，acontributormust .providehisspecialqualificationbearegularreaderofthePostproduceprintedversionbeover45yearold.FromthepassagewecanlearnthatthePost .allowsarticlesubmissionwithinsixweeksfavorsciencearticleswithin2,000wordshaveahugedemandforhumorousworksprefersnonfictiontofictionarticle60-62BAC【2020北京】DAstherailroadsandthehighwaysshapedtheAmericanWestinthepastcenturies,anewelecthicalgenerating（發(fā)電）andtransmission（輸送）systenforthe21thcenturywillleavealastingmarkontheWest,forbetterorworse.Muchoftherealsignificanceofrailroadsandhighwaysisnotintheirdirectphysicaleffectonthescenery,butinthewaysthattheyaffectthesuuroudingcommunity.Thesameistrueofbigsolarppantsandthepowerlinesthatwillbelaiddowmtomoveelectricityaround.The19thcenturysawlandgrants（政府撥地）offeredtorailroadcompaniestobuildthetranscontinentalrailroads,leavingpubliclandinbetweenprivatelyownedland.Inmuchofthewest,someoftherailroadsectionsweredevelopedwhileothersremainedundeveloped,andinbothcasesthelandownershiphaspresenteduniquechallengestolandmanagement,withthecompletionortheinterstatehighwaysystem,manyofthesmalltownswhichsprangupasrailwaystopsanddevelopedwell,havelosttheirlifebloodanddied.Bigsolarplantsandtheirpowerlineswillalsohaveeffectsfarbeyondtheirdirectfootprintinthewest.thisisnotanargumentagainstbuildingthen,weneedalternativeenergybadly.andtoreallytakeadvantageofitweneedtobeabletomoveelectricityaroundfarmorereadilythanwecannow.Sotrade-offswillhavetobemade.somescenicsportwillbesacrificed.somespecies（物種）willbeforcedtomove,orwillbecarefullymovedtospecialaccommodations,dealswillbestrucktoreducetheimmediateeffects.Thelastingeffectsofthesetrade-offsareanothermatter.the21stcenturydevelopmentoftheAmericanwestasanidealplaceforalternativeenergyisgoingtothrowoffalotofpowerandmoneytodoalotofgood.butitisjustaslikelythattheywillbespentwastefullyandwillleavenewproblemsbehind,justliketherailroadandthehighway.Themoneysetasideinnegotiatedtrade-offsandtheinstitutionthatcontrolwillshapethewestfarbeyondtheimmediatefootprintofpowerplantsandtransmissionlines.solet’sremembertheeffectsoftherailroadandthehighwaysasweconstructthesenewpowerplantsinthewest..Whatwastheproblemcausedbytheconstructionoftherailways?Smalltownsalongtherailwaysbecameabandoned.Somerailroadstopsremainedunderused.LandintheWestwashardtomanage.Landgrantswentintoprivatehands..Whatisthemajorconcerninthedevelopmentofalternativeenergyaccordingtothelasttwoparagraphs?A.Thetransmissionofpower. B.Theuseofmoneyandpower.C.Theconservationofsolarenergy. D.Theselectionofanidealplace..Whatistheauthor‘sattitudetowardsbuildingsolarplants?A.Cautious B.Approving C.Doubtful D.Disapproving.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?HowtheRailwaysHaveAffectedtheWestHowSolarEnergyCouldReshapetheWestHowtheEffectsofPowerPlantsCanBeReducedHowtheProblemsoftheHighwaysHaveBeenSettled67-70CBAB【2020北京】CPacingandPausingSaratriedtobefriendheroldfriendSteve'snewwife,butBettyneverseemedtohaveanythingtosay.WhileSarafeltBettydidn'tholdupherendoftheconversation,BettycomplainedtoStevethatSaranevergaveherachancetotalk.Theproblemhadtodowithexpectationsaboutpacingandpausing.Conversationisaturn-takinggame.Whenourhabitsaresimilar,there'snoproblem.Butifourhabitsaredifferent,youmaystarttotalkbeforeI'mfinishedorfailtotakeyourturnwhenI'mfinished.That'swhatwashappeningwithBettyandSara.ItmaynotbecoincidentalthatBetty,whoexpectedrelativelylongerpausesbetweenturns,isBritish,andSara,whoexpectedrelativelyshorterpauses,isAmerican.BettyoftenfeltinterruptedbySara.ButBettyherselfbecameaninterrupterandfoundherselfdoingmostofthetalkingwhenshemetavisitorfromFinland.AndSarahadahardtimecuttinginonsomespeakersfromLatinAmericaorIsrael.Thegeneralphenomenon,then,isthatthesmallconversationtechniques,likepacingandpausing,leadpeopletodrawconclusionsnotaboutconversationalstylebutaboutpersonalityandabilities.Thesehabitualdifferencesareoftenthebasisfordangerousstereotyping（思維定式）.Andthesesocialphenomenacanhaveverypersonalconsequences.Forexample,awomanfromthesouthwesternpartoftheUSwenttoliveinaneasterncitytotakeupajobinpersonnel.WhenthePersonnelDepartmentgottogetherformeetings,shekeptsearchingfortherighttimetobreakin--andneverfoundit.Althoughbackhomeshewasconsideredoutgoingandconfident,inWashingtonshewasviewedasshyandret