從銜接方式上破譯七選五的命題密碼

專攻解題方法與技巧從銜接方式上破譯七選五的命題密碼閱讀七選五主要考查考生對文章的整體內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)以及上下文邏輯意義的理解和掌握。具體而言，該題型主要是測試考生的兩大基本能力：一是邏輯思維能力，也就是對上下文之間、層次之間邏輯關(guān)系的判斷能力；二是信息獲取、匹配能力，即對選項信息和文中信息的理解匹配能力?！般暯印笔恰捌哌x五”的考查核心和解題之根，“銜接”從語篇到句子可劃分為四個層次，可總結(jié)為“四看四把握”：一看文章結(jié)構(gòu)，把握行文架構(gòu)；二看設(shè)空位置，把握思考方向；三看選項句式，把握句子特點；四看空白前后，把握細節(jié)銜接。一看文章結(jié)構(gòu)，把握行文架構(gòu)年份卷別文章結(jié)構(gòu)主旨大意(或標(biāo)題)2022年新高考Ⅰ卷總分式如何找到一個好的健身伙伴2022年全國甲卷總分總式標(biāo)題：ImportantThingstoKnowWhenDiningOut2021年全國乙卷總分總式讓自己在晚宴上變得有趣的方法2020年全國卷Ⅰ總分式標(biāo)題：AFewTipsforSelf-Acceptance從上表可知，“七選五”的文章有時有標(biāo)題，有時沒有標(biāo)題。文章結(jié)構(gòu)主要為“總分”式或“總分總”式，層次比較清晰。二看設(shè)空位置，把握思考方向題號2022年新高考Ⅰ卷2021年全國乙卷2020年全國卷Ⅰ36第一段段中第二段段首第一段段中37第三段段中第三段段中第二段段首38第四段段中第四段段首第三段段中39第五段段末第四段段末第四段段末40第六段段中第五段段中第五段段中從上表可知，“七選五”在段首、段中和段末都有設(shè)題，但首段首句一般不設(shè)空。段首句的設(shè)空除了要注意總起概括本段，還要注意銜接上段的內(nèi)容，段中的設(shè)空多關(guān)注前后句的銜接，而段末句的設(shè)空除了需關(guān)注與前句的銜接，還需關(guān)注起總結(jié)本段或全文的作用。三看選項句式，把握句子特點題號2022年新高考Ⅰ卷2021年全國乙卷2020年全國卷Ⅰ36復(fù)合句簡單句特殊疑問句37一般疑問句條件狀語從句祈使句38簡單句特殊疑問句祈使句39簡單句祈使句簡單句40祈使句復(fù)合句一般疑問句從上表可知，部分設(shè)空可以先根據(jù)句式進行判斷，從而縮小選項的范圍。以2020年全國卷Ⅰ為例，36題的正確選項應(yīng)該在A、B和G三個疑問句中產(chǎn)生；37題位于段首，是段落主題句，應(yīng)與下面各段首句句式相同，為祈使句，故應(yīng)在D、E和F三個選項中進行選擇，這樣一來，選擇的范圍就變小了，再根據(jù)前后銜接及句意，就可以選出答案了。四看空白前后，把握細節(jié)銜接1．原詞銜接[典例](2022·新高考Ⅱ卷節(jié)選)Thethirdtechniqueistotryprintingoutatriple-spaced(三倍行距)copytoallowspaceforrevision.__39__Asaresult,thesewritersnevergetinthehabitofcrossingoutchunks(大塊)oftheirdraftandwritingrevisionsintheblankspace.Afteryouhaverevisedyourdraftuntilitistoomessytoworkfromanymore,youcanenteryourchangesintoyourwordprocessor.Thenyoucanprintoutafreshdraft,againsettingyourtextontriple-space.Theresultingblankspaceinvitesyoutorevise.E．Toomanywriterstrytogettheirdraftsrightthefirsttime.F．Manybeginningwritersdon'tleaveenoughspacetorevise.解題思路：首句為本段的主題句。首句提到“第三種方法是嘗試打印出三倍行距的副本，以便有修改的空間”；F選項中的“space”和前面的“space”，相呼應(yīng)，“revise”和前面的“revision”相呼應(yīng)，指出了新手作者的常見做法，且其中的“Manybeginningwriters”和后文的“thesewriters”相呼應(yīng)，故F選項承上啟下，符合語境。2．代詞銜接常用于代詞銜接的代詞有：(1)人稱代詞：it,he,she,we,they...(2)指示代詞：this,that,these,those(3)疑問代詞/副詞：which,who,what；when,where,why,how(4)不定代詞：every,each,both,all,other,others,another...[典例](2018·全國卷Ⅰ節(jié)選)Overtheyears,therehavebeenanumberofdifferenttechniquestohelpdesignersapproachthisimportantpoint.__37__，theycangetalittlecomplex.Butgoodnewsisthatthere'rereallyonlythreekindsofdecisionsyouneedtomakeaboutcolorinyourhome:thesmallones,themediumones,andthelargeones.A．WhileallofthemareusefulB．Whateveryou'relookingforC．Ifyou'reexperimentingwithacolor解題思路：37題為細節(jié)支撐句，承上啟下。此處是復(fù)合句中的狀語從句，結(jié)合本段第一句中的“anumberofdifferenttechniques”以及最后一句給出的三種設(shè)計方案可知，此處表示“雖然這些技巧非常有用，但它們可能有一點復(fù)雜”，故A項“Whileallofthemareuseful”符合語境，句中的“allofthem”和后句的“they”均指代前一句中的“techniques”。注意they，them指代可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。3．副詞(連詞)銜接常見的副詞(連詞)銜接的詞包括however,but,so,therefore,also,too,either,again等。[典例](2018·全國卷Ⅰ節(jié)選)Thelargecolordecisionsinyourroomsconcernthewalls,ceilings,andfloors.Whetheryou'relookingatwallpaperorpaint,thetime,effortandrelativeexpenseputintoitaresignificant.__40__.E．It'snotreallyagoodideatousetoomanysmallcolorpiecesF．Soitpaystobesure,becauseyouwanttogetitrightthefirsttime解題思路：40題為段末總結(jié)句。根據(jù)本段第二句提到的“thetime,effortandrelativeexpenseputintoitaresignificant”可知，此處意在強調(diào)所花費的時間、精力和費用是巨大的，這與F選項“所以要確定，因為你想第一次就做好”構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系。So為標(biāo)記詞。4．標(biāo)點符號銜接[典例](2019·全國卷Ⅰ節(jié)選)Weallgrewuphearingpeopletellusto“gooutandgetsomefreshair”.__36__Accordingtorecentstudies,theanswerisabigYES,iftheairqualityinyourcampingareaisgood.B．Sowhatareyouwaitingfor?E．Butisfreshairreallyasgoodforyouasyourmotheralwayssaid?解題思路：根據(jù)下一句中的“theanswerisabigYES”可知，空處應(yīng)是對某個問題作出的回答，由此可判斷設(shè)空處應(yīng)是一個一般疑問句，故答案應(yīng)從B和E項兩個疑問句中進行選擇。根據(jù)句意可知，E項符合語境。5．語義場銜接語義場的五種主要類型：類屬義場、順序義場、關(guān)系義場、同義義場、反義義場。[例1](2019·全國卷Ⅰ節(jié)選)__37__Iftheairyou'rebreathingisclean—whichitwouldbeifyou'reawayfromthesmogofcities—thentheairisfilledwithlife-giving,energizingoxygen.Ifyouexerciseoutofdoors,yourbodywilllearntobreathemoredeeply,allowingevenmoreoxygentogettoyourmuscles(肌肉)andyourbrain.A．Freshaircleansourlungs.D．Anothersidebenefitofgettingfreshairissunlight.E．Butisfreshairreallyasgoodforyouasyourmotheralwayssaid?解題思路：37題為段首句。本段介紹了呼吸干凈的室外空氣對身體有益，故A選項“新鮮空氣清潔我們的肺”符合語境，且“l(fā)ungs”與下文中的“breathe”呼應(yīng)，屬于同義義場。[例2](2022·新高考Ⅱ卷節(jié)選)Writinganessayisadifficultprocessformostpeople.However,theprocesscanbemadeeasierifyoulearntopracticethreesimpletechniques.Firstofall,learnthetechniqueofnonstopwriting.Whenyouarefirsttryingtothinkofideasforanessay,putyourpentoyourpaperandwritenonstopfortenorfifteenminuteswithoutlettingyourpenleavethepaper.Staylooseandfree.__37__Don'tworryaboutgrammarorspelling.Eventhoughthistechniquewon'tworkforeveryone,ithelpsmanypeoplegetagoodstoreofideastodrawon.A．Makesureyourhandwritingisneat.B．Letyourpenfollowthewavesofthought.解題思路：37題為承上啟下句?？涨罢f“保持寬松和自由”，空后說“不要擔(dān)心語法和拼寫”，因此空處應(yīng)說按心里想的寫，自由發(fā)揮，B選項“讓你的筆跟隨思想的波浪”說明了按自己的思路和想法來寫，承上啟下，屬于順序義場。[易錯提醒]近幾年高考，“閱讀七選五”命題難度明顯加大，凸顯反套路化命題、規(guī)律化解題的命題趨向。在解題時應(yīng)注意多個選項出現(xiàn)同一個關(guān)鍵詞時的細致排查，如2022年新高考Ⅱ卷閱讀七選五試題中選項C、E和G中都出現(xiàn)了關(guān)鍵詞“draft”；或選項中出現(xiàn)了文章中的原詞，但句意卻與原文不符等命題陷阱。[專題驗收評價]A(2022·廣州市高三年級階段訓(xùn)練)Areyousittingmorethanever？__1__You'reprobablysittingwhilereadingthis.Sometimesyousitwhenyouaredrivingorattendingameeting.Othertimesyousitwhenyouengageyourselfinwatchingamovieorplayingcomputergames.That'sundoubtedlyalotofsitting.Thefactisthattheamountoftimespentsittinghasincreasedovertime.__2__Weknowsittingtoomuchisbad,andmostofusnaturallyfeelalittleguiltyafteralong-timeTVwatching.__3__Astudyonnearly8,000adultssuggeststhatthere'sadirectrelationshipbetweenthetimespentsittingandourriskofearlydeathofanycause.Asthetotalsittingtimeincreases,sodoestheriskofearlydeath.“Sitless,movemore”iswhattheHeartFoundationencouragesustodo.__4__Itisliketellingpeopletojust“exercise”withouttellingthemhow.Exerciseguidelinesarealwaysmorepractical.Forexample,theCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionrecommendsadultsdoexercisefortwohoursand30minuteseveryweek,plusmusclestrengtheningactivitiestwoormoredaysaweek.Weneedsimilarguidelinesforsitting.__5__“Itwouldprobablybelikethis:forevery30continuousminutesofsitting,standupandmoveorwalkforfiveminutesataquickpace，”Diaz,theleadresearchersaid,addingthatthestudyhasputusastepclosertothesatisfyingguidelines.Butmoreresearchesareneededtoconfirmtheirapproaches.A．Nowit'stimetogetupandmovearound.B．Healthexpertsalsosuggestexercisingonadailybasis.C．Takeamomenttothinkaboutyoursittingactivities.D．Butthisruleisjusttoosimpleandabstracttomakeadifference.E．Asoftoday,averageadultswillspend56%－86%oftheirdailytimesitting.F．Tomakeupfortheweakness,aresearchteamisworkingonmorespecificguidelines.G．Butwhatexactlygoeswrongwhenweparkourselvesfornearlyeighthoursperday?[謹(jǐn)防連環(huán)錯]因為本篇的首句“Areyousittingmorethanever？”談到與“過去”相比，而選項E中提到了“今天”，故考生容易產(chǎn)生“今昔對比”的錯覺而把第1題誤選E項，從而導(dǎo)致第2題誤選B項的連環(huán)錯現(xiàn)象。語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。隨著時間的推移，人們坐的時間越來越長，但是久坐的風(fēng)險很大。對此，一個研究團隊正在研究關(guān)于久坐后如何運動的指導(dǎo)方針。1．選C空前提出了一個問題“你比以前坐得多嗎？”，空后則具體講到一些久坐的行為。據(jù)此可知，空處承上啟下，故C項“花一點時間想想你久坐的行為”符合語境。2．選E空前一句講到隨著時間的推移，我們坐的時間增加了，因此空處應(yīng)該會對這一情況進行具體敘述，故E項承接上文，符合語境。3．選G空前一句講到久坐是有害的，空后則講到研究表明，坐的時間長短與早逝的風(fēng)險有直接聯(lián)系。故G項“但當(dāng)我們每天坐將近8個小時時到底有什么問題呢？”承上啟下，符合語境。4．選D空前一句講到心臟基金會鼓勵我們“少坐多動”，而空后一句講到這就像只告訴人們要鍛煉卻不告訴他們?nèi)绾五憻捯粯?。因此，空處講到的應(yīng)該是心臟基金會的建議太空洞、不具體，故D項符合語境。5．選F根據(jù)上段最后一句“對于坐，我們需要類似的指導(dǎo)方針”和空后講到的具體的做法可知，空處講到的應(yīng)該是與坐的指導(dǎo)方針有關(guān)的內(nèi)容。故F項符合語境。B(2022·湖南省高三六校聯(lián)考)Addingactivitiestoyourroutineisakeycontributortohealthandhappiness.Withyoursummerworkoutroutineinmind,wehaveafewtipstohelpyoukeepfit.Boostingpower__1__，youwanttostimulatenewmusclegrowththroughresistanceandendurancetraining.Howeffectivelyyourepairandbuildmuscledependsontheuseofproteininyourbody.__2__.Itcanbeobtainedbyconsumingprotein-richwholefoodslikeleanmeats,eggs,fishandvegetables.__3__Canyoupushharder,runfaster,reachfartheranddeeper？Fuellingsmartlybeforeaworkoutwithcomplexcarbohydrates(碳水化合物)forsustainedenergyreleasecangiveyouanedgetopushyourselftodoanextraworkout.Wholegrainslikebrownricearealsopackedwithcomplexcarbohydratesforsustainedenergyreleasewhilebeinglowincalories.Omega-3fattyacidsareanoftenoverlookedsupplementthatcanhelptoenhanceyourperformance.__4__，buttheirspecialeffectshelptoreducemusclesorenessafteraworkout,aswell.Makingthebestofhydration(水合作用)Oneofthedriversofathleticperformanceismaintainingthebalanceoffluidandelectrolytes(電解質(zhì))inourbodies.Bodyfluidsareessentialforremovingwaste,maintainingproperneuralandmusclefunction,regulatingbodytemperature,deliveringfuelandtakingthebruntofshockabsorptionwhilesmoothingourjoints.__5__.Theykeepneuronsfiringandmusclescontracting.A．EnhancingperformanceB．MaintainingtemperatureC．Electrolytesareminerals,likeNa,MgandCaD．WhentryingtoboostyourpowerorstrengthinthegymE．whileconsumingcertainkindsofelectrolytesinasportF．Notonlydotheseheart-healthyfatsprotectourheartsG．Makesureyourmuscleshaveaccesstotheproteintheyneed語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。鍛煉有助于保持身體健康。在夏天常規(guī)鍛煉的基礎(chǔ)上，一些有用的建議可以幫助你更有效地進行鍛煉，從而達到更好的效果。1．選D本段的小標(biāo)題為Boostingpower，選項D中的“boostyourpowerorstrength”恰好與之呼應(yīng)，且分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處需要填入一個從句，故選D。2．選G根據(jù)空后的“Itcanbeobtainedbyconsumingprotein-richwholefoods”可知，It應(yīng)指代上文提到的事物，此種物質(zhì)可以通過食用含蛋白質(zhì)豐富的食物獲得，與選項G中的“haveaccesstotheprotein”相呼應(yīng)。故選G。3．選A空處是段落小標(biāo)題，為本段主旨。本段主要內(nèi)容為如何使運動表現(xiàn)更好，段首句中的“pushharder,runfaster,reachfartheranddeeper”也是提示。故選A。4．選F分析空后的內(nèi)容可知，空處與空后內(nèi)容為遞進關(guān)系。根據(jù)空前的“Omega-3fattyacids”可知，空處應(yīng)該會講到這種物質(zhì)對身體的好處，故F項符合語境。且選項F中的“Notonly”與空后的“but”構(gòu)成固定句型。5．選C本段段首提及“maintainingthebalanceoffluidandelectrolytes”，空前已經(jīng)提到與“bodyfluids”相關(guān)的內(nèi)容，此處應(yīng)該會提及與“electrolytes”相關(guān)的內(nèi)容，且根據(jù)空后的“Theykeepneuronsfiringandmusclescontracting”可知，They應(yīng)指代C項中的“Electrolytes”，故選C。C(2022·沈陽市郊聯(lián)體考試)Lifeisfullofhardchoices.Andwhatshouldyoudowhenallalternativesseemequallygood？Herearesometipsonmakingdecisions.Relax.Ifyou'restressed,you'remorelikelytooverlooksomethingimportant.However,whenyou'rerelaxed,youcanthinkclearly,weighyouroptionsandmakeabetterchoice.__1__Focusonthepresent.Youcanbecomestressedoutwiththebigpicture,tryingtoseehowyourdecisionswillaffectyourfuture.__2__Butnoonecanbesureofthefutureuntilitcomes.Sojustfocusonthepresentandmakethebestpossibledecisionnow.Acceptfailure.Yourbiggestfearprobablyisthatyourdecisionmayleadtobadresults.__3__Andwhateverthedecisionis,itwillenrichyourlifeanyway,inonewayoranother.Sodonotworryaboutmakingwrongdecisions.Seekgoodadvice.Don'taskeveryoneofyourfriendsorfamily！__4__Don'tbeafraidtoaskforadvice,andbewillingtolisten.Sometimesothers'advicecanmakeanewwayforyou.__5__Nomatterhowyoucometoyourdecision,claimtheownershipofyourdecision.Takefullresponsibilityforyourchoices.Evenifyoumeetwithfailure,youatleastknowyouhavetriedyourbestandgainedsomevaluableexperience.A．Makeyourowndecision.B．Therefore,slowdownandkeepcalm.C．Butwecanrecoverandlearnfrombaddecisions.D．Beingkindtoyourselflessensyourneedforapproval.E．Noteveryproblemcanbesolvedbymakingadecision.F．Onlyconsultthosewhohavefacedsimilarcircumstances.G．Thisprocessistiringasyou'retryingtoseeyourfutureclearly.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。人生充滿了各種艱難的選擇，那么到底應(yīng)該如何做出決定呢？本文從放松自己、關(guān)注現(xiàn)狀、接受失敗、尋求建議以及自己做決定等方面提出了相關(guān)建議。1．選B根據(jù)本段段首的Relax可知，本段主要圍繞放松心態(tài)進行論述。此空位于段末，應(yīng)是對本段內(nèi)容的總結(jié)，B項中的“keepcalm”與上文的“Relax”相呼應(yīng)，符合語境。2．選G空前提到“seehowyourdecisionswillaffectyourfuture”，空后提到“noonecanbesureofthefutureuntilitcomes”，由此可推知，空處的內(nèi)容應(yīng)與“future”有關(guān)；G項中的“seeyourfuture”與之相呼應(yīng)，符合語境。3．選C空前提及你最大的恐懼可能是你的決定會帶來壞結(jié)果，空后提及不管決定是什么，它都會以某種方式豐富你的生活。由此可推知，空處內(nèi)容應(yīng)表轉(zhuǎn)折，表示但這樣也會帶來好處，故C項“但我們可以恢復(fù)并從壞決定中學(xué)到東西”符合語境。4．選F根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容可知，此處應(yīng)講我們應(yīng)該向誰征求建議，選項F“僅僅向有相似經(jīng)歷的人尋求建議”符合語境。5．選A空處位于句首，應(yīng)為本段主題句。根據(jù)下文中的“claimtheownershipofyourdecision”可知，空處內(nèi)容應(yīng)與要自己做決定有關(guān)。故A項符合語境。D(2022·廣州市高三調(diào)研測試)Son,HereIsHowYouSave!MywifeandIrecentlywelcomedachildintotheworld.Hisonlyinterestrightnowiskeepingusawake24/7.Butoneday,he'llneedtolearnsomethingaboutfinance.__1__Youmightthinkyouwantanexpensivecar,afancywatch,andahugehouse,butyoudon't.Whatyouwantisrespectandadmirationfromotherpeople.__2__Italmostneverdoes—especiallyfromthepeopleyouwanttorespectandadmireyou.__3__Notstruggling,andnotunhappy,ofcourse.Butthere'snowaytolearnthevalueofmoneywithoutfeelingthepoweroflackingit.Itteachesyouthedifferencebetween“necessary”and“desirable”．It'llmakeyoulearntoenjoywhatyouhave,fixwhat'sbroken,andshopforabargain.Theseareprimarysurvivalskills.Somepeoplearebornintofamiliesthatencourageeducation;othersarefromfamiliesthatareagainstit.Somearebornintopeaceandwealth;others,intowarandpoverty.Iwantyoutobesuccessful,andIwantyoutoearnmoney.Butrealizethatnotallsuccessisduetohardworkandbeingpoorisnotalwaysduetolaziness.__4__Yoursavingsratehasalittletodowithhowmuchyouearnandalottodowithhowmuchyouspend.Iknowadentistwholivespaycheckbypaycheck,alwaysontheedgeofruin.IknowanotherpersonwhohasneverearnedmorethanDS|50,000butsavesafortune.__5__Livingwithlessisthemostefficientwaytocontrolyourfinancialfuture.Don'tlistentomeifyoudisagreewithwhatI'vewritten.TheworldyougrowupinwillhavedifferentvaluesandopportunitiesthantheoneIgrewupin.Moreimportantly,you'lllearnbestwhenyoudisagreewithsomeoneandthenareforcedtolearnityourself.Rememberthatalwayslistentoyourmother.A．Ihopeyou'repooratsomepoint.B．Ifyoudothinkso,youmaygetwrong.C．Whenhedoes,herearesomesuggestions.D．Yourgoalsshouldbeaboutmorethanmoney.E．Youthinkhavingsomethingexpensivewillbringit.F．Thedifferenceisentirelyduetothewaytheyspend.G．Keepthisinmindwhenjudgingpeople,includingyourself.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章是一位父親寫給自己剛出生的孩子的話，告誡他的孩子贏得他人的尊重和贊賞很重要，同時也要學(xué)會基本的生存技能，要學(xué)會精打細算。1．選C根據(jù)上句可知，孩子需要學(xué)習(xí)一些金融知識；下文介紹了具體內(nèi)容。據(jù)此可知，空處說明下文將給出一些建議，故C項承上啟下，符合語境。2．選E根據(jù)上文可知，你所需要的是得到他人的尊重和贊賞；根據(jù)下句中的“Italmostneverdoes”可知，這不可能發(fā)生。又結(jié)合常識可知，自認(rèn)為擁有昂貴的東西就能贏得別人的尊重與贊賞是不可能的。故E項符合語境。3．選A根據(jù)下文中的“there'snoway...oflackingit”可知，要想了解金錢的價值，就必須感受到缺乏金錢的影響力；又結(jié)合該段中的“fixwhat'sbroken,andshopforabargain”可以推知，空處應(yīng)介紹作者希望他的兒子有貧窮的時候，這樣他才能體會到金錢的價值。故A項銜接下文，符合語境。4．選G根據(jù)上文可知，并非所有的成功都是由于努力工作，貧窮也不總是由于懶惰。故G項“評價別人包括自己時要記住這點”符合語境。5．選F根據(jù)上文可知，依靠工薪生活的牙醫(yī)總是瀕臨破產(chǎn)，收入微薄的人卻攢了一大筆錢。據(jù)此可知，消費方式的差異對存款有很大的影響，故F項符合語境。第二講定位之“箭”—從設(shè)空位置上定位七選五的思考趨向一、設(shè)空在段首——思考是“段落主題句”還是“承上啟下句”技巧1把握形似，確定段落標(biāo)題句[典例](2022·全國乙卷節(jié)選)Friendshipneedscareandattentiontokeepitingoodhealth.Herearefivewaystosustain(保持)long-distancefriendships.·SetaregulardateLong-lastingfriendshipssharethecharacteristicthatbothsidesequallycontact(聯(lián)系)andsharewithoneanother.Withbusyschedules,squeezinginphonecallscanbeachallenge.Trytofindatimethatworksforbothofyouandsticktoit.·Moreisn'talwaysmerrier...·Practiseempathy(共情)...·__39__Anniversariesandbirthdayscarryevenmoreweightinlong-distancefriendships.Althoughtechnologymightmakeday-to-daycommunicationpossible,extraeffortgoesalongwayonspecialdays.Simplykeepingadiarythatkeepstrackoffriends'birthdaysandotherimportantdateswillmakesurenothingslipsbyyou.A．RememberimportantdatesB．CompensatebywritinglettersD．Trytofindatimethatworksforbothofyouandsticktoit[解題思路]分析文章結(jié)構(gòu)和空處所在的位置可知，空處是本段的小標(biāo)題。觀察其他段落的小標(biāo)題句式可知，段落標(biāo)題的句式均為祈使句，故可縮小選擇范圍至A項、B項和D項。通讀本段的內(nèi)容可知，本段主要介紹的是，在遠距離的友誼中，紀(jì)念日和生日的分量是更重的。紀(jì)念日和生日對每一個人來說都是重要的日子，故A項“記住重要的日期”適合作本段的小標(biāo)題。技巧2根據(jù)一致，確定段落主題句[典例](2020·全國卷Ⅱ節(jié)選)__40__，andemojicancontributedirectlytothatpositiveoutcome.Andwhenyouremployeesbeginaddingsmilingemojistotheirbusinesscommunication,you'llknowyouhavesucceededinimprovingyourworkculture.C．SendingsmilingfacestocolleaguesmayseemstrangeF．StudiesshowthatfriendliercommunicationleadstoahappierworkplaceG．Aneasywaytobringallworkgenerationstogetheriswithachatplatform[解題思路]本題考查段落主題句?？蘸竺嫣岬?，當(dāng)你的員工開始在商業(yè)交流中增加笑臉表情符號時，你要知道你已經(jīng)成功地提升了你們的工作文化。段首句是對后面內(nèi)容的總結(jié)，所以表示“研究表明更加友好的交流會帶來更加快樂的工作場所”。故選F。選項F中的ahappierworkplace與下文中的positiveoutcome相呼應(yīng)。技巧3瞻前顧后，確定段落過渡句[典例](2020·全國卷Ⅲ節(jié)選)Itistraditionaltobringagifttoahousewarmingparty.Somepeopleregisteralistofthingstheywantorneedfortheirnewhomeatalocalstoreorstores.Somecommonthingspeoplewillputonagiftregistryincludekitchentoolslikeknivesandthingslikecurtains.Evenifthereisn'taregistry,agoodhousewarminggiftissomethingtodecoratethenewhousewith,likeapieceofartoraplant.__38__Thisisoftenappreciatedsinceatahousewarmingthereisn'talotoffoodserved.Thereareusuallynoplannedactivitieslikegamesatahousewarmingparty.Thehostorhostessofthepartywill,however,probablygivealltheguestsatouroftheirnewhome.Sometimes,becauseahousewarmingpartyhappensshortlyafterapersonmovesintotheirnewhome,peoplemaybeaskedtohelpunpackboxes.Thisisn'tusualthough.C．Youcanalsobringfoodordrinkstosharewiththeotherguests.F．Thebesthousewarmingpartiesencourageoldfriendstogettogether.[解題思路]本題考查段落之間的銜接。前面段落所講內(nèi)容為帶禮物，可以是廚房工具、窗簾、藝術(shù)品或綠植。本空承接上文，也應(yīng)與禮物相關(guān)，根據(jù)設(shè)空處后面的句子“Thisisoftenappreciatedsinceatahousewarmingthereisn'talotoffoodserved.”可知，空處所帶的禮物應(yīng)與食物相關(guān)，故選C。二、設(shè)空在段中——明辨“七種邏輯關(guān)系”段中題通?？疾榕c前后句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系和上下文的銜接?？疾橐c有：總分關(guān)系、解釋關(guān)系、例證關(guān)系、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系、遞進關(guān)系和并列關(guān)系。有時會出現(xiàn)下列銜接詞匯或短語結(jié)構(gòu)：first,second,then,next,later,soon,so,but,however,additionally,what'smore,thatis,namely,inotherwords,foronething...foranother等，這些詞匯和短語結(jié)構(gòu)在文章中起到提示邏輯關(guān)系的作用，是解題時需要重點關(guān)注的部分。技巧1根據(jù)總分關(guān)系確定答案[典例](2017·全國卷Ⅰ節(jié)選)Thefriendswhointroducedmetocampingthoughtthatitmeanttobeapioneer.__37__Wesleptinatent,cookedoveranopenfire,andwalkedalongdistancetotaketheshowerandusethebathroom.ThisbriefvisitwithMotherNaturecostmetwodaysofffromwork,recoveringfromabadcaseofsunburnandthedoctor'sbillformyson'sfoodpoisoning.C．Thetriptheytookmeonwasaroughone.F．Afterthetrip,myfamilybecamequiteinterestedincamping.[解題思路]本題考查總分關(guān)系。根據(jù)下文的描述“我們睡在帳篷里，在篝火上做飯，走很遠的路去洗澡和上廁所”可知，這次野營比較艱難，設(shè)空處是總體評價，后面是詳細描述。故選C。技巧2根據(jù)解釋關(guān)系確定答案[典例](2021·新高考Ⅰ卷節(jié)選)InFrance,qualityoflifeismuchmoreimportantthanefficiency(效率)．Youcantellthisbycafélife.Frenchcafésarealwayscrowded.__40__Whendothesepeoplework?TheFrenchtaketheir35-hourworkweekseriously—soseriouslythatsomelaborunionsrecentlystruckadealwithagroupofcompanieslimitingthenumberofhoursthatindependentcontractorscanbeoncall.A．Notallthecustomersaretourists.B．ThequalityoflifeinFranceisequallyexcellent.[解題思路]本題考查解釋關(guān)系。設(shè)空前介紹法國咖啡廳常常很擁擠，A項“并非所有的顧客都是游客”承接上文，符合語境。空后通過提問“這些人什么時候工作呢？”的方式來解釋為什么當(dāng)?shù)厝擞袝r間享受咖啡館生活。故選A。技巧3根據(jù)例證關(guān)系確定答案[典例](2021·新高考Ⅰ卷節(jié)選)Theplacewasn'tentirelyauthentic,though.UnlikeanormalParisianapartment,theplumbing(水管)worked.__37___Ourbuildingevenhadatinyliftwithafemalevoicethatsaid,“Ouverturedesportes，”inperfectFrench.ThatistheonlyFrenchphraseImastered,andit'sashameIdon'thavemuchuseforit.C．Therewasanicekitchenandacomfortablebed.F．Ouraimwastoseeifwecouldlive,insomeway,likerealParisians.[解題思路]本題考查例證關(guān)系。本段句首提出觀點：“可是，這個地方并不完全像地道的巴黎”，接下來舉例說明。結(jié)合空前一句“管道正常工作”，空后一句“甚至還有小電梯”可知，本句內(nèi)容應(yīng)該涉及房子的好處，故C項“公寓里有一個不錯的廚房和舒適的床”，符合語境。技巧4根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系確定答案表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連接詞有：but;however/whereas;nevertheless;nonetheless;still;though;yet;inspiteof;atanyrate;inanycase;whoever;whatever;onthecontrary;incontrast;bycontrast;incomparison;bycomparison;conversely;otherwise;not...but...;aswell等。[典例](2022·全國乙卷節(jié)選)·Don'trelyontechnologyalone__40__，butlong-distancefriendships—evencloseones—mayrequiremoreconsciousefforttosustain.Trytoseekoutchancestorenewfriendships.Howtodoit?Justspendface-to-facetimetogetherwheneverpossible.B．CompensatebywritinglettersC．ItisalsohelpfulforyoutobeafriendshipkeeperF．Itiseasytohaveasenseofconnectednessthroughsocialmedia[解題思路]本題考查轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系?？蘸筇岬健暗h距離的友誼——甚至是親密的友誼——可能需要更加有意識的努力來維持”，由此可知，空處內(nèi)容與后面內(nèi)容構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。分析選項可知，F(xiàn)項“通過社交媒體獲得聯(lián)系的感覺是容易的”與下文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系且符合該段主題。故選F項。技巧5根據(jù)因果關(guān)系確定答案表示因果關(guān)系的連詞有asaresult/consequently;thus/therefore;so(such)...that...等。[典例](2021·新高考Ⅰ卷節(jié)選)MyhusbandandIjustspentaweekinParis.__36___Sothefirstthingwedidwasrentafantasticallyexpensivesixth-floorapartmentthesizeofacupboard.Itwassotinythatwehadtoleaveoursuitcasesinthehallway.B．ThequalityoflifeinFranceisequallyexcellent.F．Ouraimwastoseeifwecouldlive,insomeway,likerealParisians.[解題思路]本題考查因果關(guān)系。根據(jù)空后的“So”可知，該句與設(shè)空處是因果關(guān)系。F項“我們的目的是想看看我們能否像真正的巴黎人一樣生活”是作者和她的丈夫在巴黎租住公寓的原因。故選F。技巧6根據(jù)遞進關(guān)系確定答案表示遞進關(guān)系的連詞有：also;further;furthermore;likewise;similarly;moreover;inaddition;what'smore;too;either;neither;notonly...butalso...等。[典例](2021·浙江6月高考節(jié)選)Languageiscertainlyabarrierformanypeople.Forpostcrossingtoworkworldwide,acommoncommunicationlanguageisneededsothateveryonecanunderstandeachother.AscoolasitmaybetoreceiveapostcardwritteninChinese,theconceptdoesn'tworkifonedoesn'tunderstandit.__34__Soacommonlanguageisrequiredandinpostcrossingthat'sEnglishsinceit'swidelyspoken.B．Thatmakesitextrahardtolearnandpracticeit.F．Similarly,ifyouspeakonlyChinese,receivingacardinSwedishtakespartofthefunaway.[解題思路]本題考查遞進關(guān)系?？涨疤岬诫m然收到一張漢語卡片很酷，但如果你不懂漢語，你就看不懂意思，F(xiàn)項“同樣，如果你只會說中文，收到一張瑞典語的卡片也會讓你失去部分樂趣”與前句構(gòu)成遞進關(guān)系，符合語境。技巧7根據(jù)并列關(guān)系確定答案[典例](2022·新高考Ⅰ卷節(jié)選)So,howdoyoufindaworkoutpartner?Firstofall,decidewhatyouwantfromthatperson.__37__Ordoyoujustwanttobephysicallyfit,abletomovewithstrengthandflexibility?Thinkabouttheexercisesyouwouldliketodowithyourworkoutpartner.D．Doyouwanttobeabetterathleteinyourfavoritesport?E．Howcanyouwriteagood“seekingtrainingpartner”notice?[解題思路]本題考查并列關(guān)系。根據(jù)下文“Ordoyoujustwanttobephysicallyfit,abletomovewithstrengthandflexibility？”中的“Or”可知，空處和本句為并列關(guān)系，也應(yīng)是在提出問題，所以答案鎖定在D項和E項之間；再結(jié)合上下文句意可知，空處應(yīng)與“明確你找健身伙伴的目的”有關(guān)，故D項“你想在你最喜歡的體育運動方面成為一個更好的運動型的人嗎？”符合語境。三、設(shè)空在段尾——思考是“總結(jié)概括句”還是“過渡銜接句”技巧1利用主題句或總結(jié)句確定答案[典例](2021·浙江6月高考節(jié)選)You'vegotmail...andit'sapostcardPauloMagalhaes，a34-year-oldPortuguesecomputerengineer,lovestoopenhismailboxandfindabrightlycoloredpictureofRome'sCalosseum.OrAfrica'sVictoriaFalls.OrChina'sGreatWall.__31__C．Helikestothinkofsendingpostcardsasafamily-friendlyhobby.G．Inshort,helovespostcards,andtheexcitementofgettingahand-writtennotefromsomeonefaraway.[解題思路]本題考查段落總結(jié)句。前面提到PauloMagalhaes喜歡收集世界各地名勝古跡的明信片，空處對上文進行總結(jié)，故G項“總之，他喜歡明信片，也喜歡收到遠方的人給他寄來明信片后的那種激動的感覺”符合語境。技巧2利用段落過渡句確定答案[典例](2017·全國卷Ⅰ節(jié)選)IfanyonehadtoldmethreeyearsagothatIwouldbespendingmostofmyweekendscamping,Iwouldhavelaughedheartily.Campers,inmyeyes,werepeoplewhoenjoyedinsectbites,ill-cookedmeals,anduncomfortablesleepingbags.Theyhadnothingincommonwithme.__36__Thefriendswhointroducedmetocampingthoughtthatitmeanttobeapioneer.Thetriptheytookmeonwasaroughone.Wesleptinatent,cookedoveranopenfire,andwalkedalongdistancetotaketheshowerandusethebathroom.ThisbriefvisitwithMotherNaturecostmetwodaysofffromwork,recoveringfromabadcaseofsunburnandthedoctor'sbillformyson'sfoodpoisoning.D．Iwastolearnalotaboutcampingsincethen,however.E．ImustsaythatIhavecertainlycometoenjoycamping.[解題思路]本題考查段落過渡句。節(jié)選第一段首句講到“如果三年前有人告訴我以后大部分的周末時間都會露營，我會放聲大笑”，空后下一段講到“介紹我去露營的朋友們認(rèn)為這注定是一次具有開創(chuàng)性的露營”；兩段內(nèi)容存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以要填一個承上啟下的過渡句，故D項“然而，自從那時以來我學(xué)到了很多有關(guān)露營的知識”符合語境。技巧3利用補充信息句確定答案[典例](2019·全國卷Ⅲ節(jié)選)·Don'tsharepersonalinformationorstories.Professorsarenottrainednurses,financialaidexpertsoryourbestfriends.Ifyouareinneedofadeadlineextension,simplyexplainthesituationtotheprofessor.__39__B．Turntoanonlineinstructorforhelp.C．Ifmoreinformationisneeded,theywillask.[解題思路]本題考查補充信息句。本段主要講的是：不要把個人信息和故事告訴教授，如果你需要延長最后期限，只需要向教授解釋處境即可。C項“如果需要了解更多信息，他們會詢問的”是對上文內(nèi)容的補充說明。故選C。[專題驗收評價]A(2022·石家莊市高中質(zhì)量檢測)Afterhoursofworking，manypeoplefindthemselvesindesperateneedofrecharging.Somepeoplegrabacoffeetostayawake.__1__ArecentstudyfoundthatoneinfiveworkingAmericansnap(小睡)duringtheworkday,with87%ofthemreportingfeelingrefreshedafterward.“Apowernapcanprovidetherefreshmentyouneedifyou'restrugglingtostayalertorhaven'thadagoodnight'ssleep，”explainsRebeccaRobbins,anassociatescientistattheBrighamandWomen'sHospital.__2__However,powernapsareonlybeneficialwhentheyaredonecorrectly.“Youdon'thavetogotosleepfully，”saysJamesMaas,aprofessoratCornellUniversity,whoisbestknownforhisworkinthefieldofsleepresearch.__3__Hesays,“20minutesshouldbeenoughtopowerthroughtherestoftheworkday.”However,Maascautionsthatlongernapsarecounterproductiveandevenharmful.Ifyourpowernaptimeislongerthan40minutes,you'regoingtowakeupfeelingverygroggy(昏昏沉沉)．ShelbyHarris,aclinicalpsychologist,addsthatthebesttimetotakeyourpowernapisbetween1pmand3pm.__4__Tomakethemostofyourpowernap,you'dbetterchooseacomfortableplaceandtimetonap.Also,putyouralarmawayfromthebed.__5__Onemorething,getsomedaylightexposureafteryournap.It'sbesttogetup,walkaroundandseesomesunlighttofightanygrogginess.A．Napsarenotforeveryone.B．Itdoesboostworkproductivity.C．Thishelpspreventpowernapsleepersturningitoffeasily.D．Nappinganylaterinthedaycanaffectyoursleepatnight.E．Hecoinedtheterm“PowerNap”morethan50yearsago.F．Sleepexpertssaythatpowernapsshouldbequickandrefreshing.G．However,itmaybemorebeneficialtofightyoursleepinesswithsleep.[謹(jǐn)防連環(huán)錯]本篇依據(jù)第1題空前的內(nèi)容，有的考生根據(jù)生活常識可能容易誤選B項，從而會導(dǎo)致第2題誤選F項，因為F項中含有本段復(fù)現(xiàn)的詞匯“powernaps”。語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一個讓工作了幾小時的人們在疲憊之后恢復(fù)活力的妙招——恢復(fù)精力的小睡。1．選G空前一句講到了一些人疲憊之后通過喝咖啡保持清醒，下文講到了20%的美國上班族會在工作日小睡，因此空處與下文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故G項“然而，用睡覺對抗困意可能更有幫助”符合語境。2．選B空前一句講到了恢復(fù)精力的小睡可以提供你所需要的活力，因此空處講到的也應(yīng)該是恢復(fù)精力的小睡的好處，故B項“它確實能提高工作效率”符合語境。3．選E空前一句講到了JamesMaas，空后一句講到了“Hesays”，因此空處講到的應(yīng)該還是與JamesMaas有關(guān)的內(nèi)容，故E項符合語境。4