主謂一致-詳解-超詳細(xì)

1、形式一致主語是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式主語是單數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式2、語意一致謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)的清況1）當(dāng)名詞詞組中心詞為表示金錢、時(shí)間、度量、距離、價(jià)格等復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，把這些復(fù)數(shù)名詞看作一個(gè)整體。謂語動(dòng)詞采用單數(shù)形式。Twenty-fivedollarsistoomuchtopayforthatshirt．Fiftyminutesisn’tenoughtofinishthistest．Tenmilesseemslikealongwalktome．2以“-s”結(jié)尾的書刊名、國名、組織名、游戲名、運(yùn)動(dòng)名，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)以-ics結(jié)尾的名詞指一門學(xué)科時(shí)，常用單數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞形式。當(dāng)這些名詞表示實(shí)際內(nèi)容時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞則用復(fù)數(shù)形式。這類單詞有：economics經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)electronics電子學(xué)physics物理學(xué)politics政治學(xué)mathematics數(shù)學(xué)statistics統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)Rootswasanovelaboutaslavefamily．Hispoliticswereamatterofgreatconcerntohisfriend．Politicsishisfavoritesubject．Statisticsshowthatapproximately40percentofallmarriagesintheUSendindivorce．Statisticsisasubjectthatisdifficulttolearn．3)有些表示某類別的總稱的集合名詞，如：machinery(機(jī)械)，clothing(衣服)，luggage(行李)，furniture(家具)，equipment(設(shè)備)，jewelry(珠寶)等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。如：Myluggagewassentbyair．TheequipmentofourfactoryisallimportedfromBritain．4)不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞和從句作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)：Playingwithfireisdangerous．注意：若用and連接兩個(gè)動(dòng)名詞、不定式短語或主語從句，表示兩個(gè)不同的概念，則謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。若表示同一概念，則謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式Earlytoriseandearlytobedisagoodhabit．Whenandwherethebuildingwillbebuilthasn’tbeendecided．主語從句要根據(jù)從句表達(dá)的意思而定Whatshesaidiscorrect．WhathegavemearefiveEnglishbooks．謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)的情況1）由and或both...and...連接兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，指的是復(fù)數(shù)概念，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式(不可數(shù)名詞同樣)。如：Fireandwaterdonotagree．注意如果and連接的兩個(gè)詞是指同一個(gè)人、同一事物或同一概念，則兩個(gè)名詞共用一個(gè)冠詞，謂語動(dòng)詞必須用單數(shù)。Theteacherandwriterisherfriend．2）有些集合名詞．如：cattle，folk，people，police，poultry(家禽)等作主語，總是跟復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞形式。Thepeoplehopetoliveahappylife．Thepolicehavecaughtthecriminal．Cattlefeedongrass．3)表示成雙成套的名詞，如：trousers，shoes，glasses，compasses等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。Hisblacktrousersaretoolong．他的黑褲子太長。Yourglassesareonyournose．4）表示群島、瀑布、山脈等以“-s”結(jié)尾的專有名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞往往用復(fù)數(shù)。ThePhilippinesareinthePacificOcean．RockyMountainsstandinthewestofNorthAmerica．5）名詞clothes，works(作“著作”講)，goods，contents，theOlympicGames的謂語動(dòng)詞律律用復(fù)數(shù)。如：Clotheskeeppeoplewarm．Hisworkshavebeentranslatedintoseveralforeignlanguages．注意：若表示“一套衣服”，可用asuitofclothes。clothes不可與不定冠詞a或數(shù)詞連用。若表示“一部作品”用awork，“兩部作品”用twoworks。謂語動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)由名詞前面的詞或詞組決定的1）由“someof，plentyof，alotof，lotsof，mostof，therestof，allof，halfof，partof，theremainderof或分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞”等短語作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞常與of后的名詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。Therestofthelectureisdull．Halfoftheappleisrotten．這個(gè)蘋果的一半腐爛變質(zhì)了。Halfoftheapplesarerotten．這些蘋果有一半腐爛變質(zhì)了。Aboutonethirdofthebooksareworthreading.大約三分之一的書值得一讀。Over30％ofthestudentswereabsentfromthemeeting．2）由“akindof，thiskindof，manykindsof”和“名詞+ofthiskind”等，以及由與kind意義相似的type，sort，form，part，piece，section等構(gòu)成的類似短語作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞與of前的名詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。如：Akindofbirdshasbeendiscoveredbythem．Partsofthebookareveryinstructive．Thiskindofapplesisexpensive.Applesofthiskindareexpensive.3）“more+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+thanone”結(jié)構(gòu)謂語常用復(fù)數(shù)。Moremembersthanonehaveprotestedagainsttheplan．“oneortwo+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如：Astudentortwohasfailedtheexam．一兩個(gè)學(xué)生考試不及格。Oneortwostudentswereplantingtreesyesterdayafternoon．昨天下午有一兩個(gè)學(xué)生在植樹。9）在主語和謂語倒裝的句子中，動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)和它后面的主語的數(shù)一致。Onthewallaresomefamouspaintings．Betweenthetwowindowshangsapi