語(yǔ)法填空解題技巧市公開(kāi)課金獎(jiǎng)市賽課一等獎(jiǎng)?wù)n件

語(yǔ)法填空

解題技巧

第1頁(yè)第1頁(yè)1、閱讀/理解語(yǔ)篇能力;2、分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)能力;3、純熟利用語(yǔ)法能力。1.語(yǔ)法填空題—能力要求第2頁(yè)第2頁(yè)What’stheusualwayyoufulfillthetaskGrammarFilling?三步完畢:概讀理解–分析填空–連貫檢查語(yǔ)法詞法句法章法慣使用辦法思考：面對(duì)語(yǔ)法填空中如此繁雜語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)，我們到底該如何入手呢?

第3頁(yè)第3頁(yè)GroupWork

Discusswithyourgroupmembersaboutgarmmarofblanksfrom21to30.討論歸納語(yǔ)法填空以要求依據(jù)上下文填入一個(gè)以動(dòng)詞(verb)（或其適當(dāng)形式）、名詞(noun)、代詞(pronoun)、冠詞(article)、介詞(prep.)、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(modalverbs)、連詞(conj)或引導(dǎo)詞、形容詞(adj.)和副詞(adv.)考察各項(xiàng)語(yǔ)法內(nèi)容。第4頁(yè)第4頁(yè)

3.語(yǔ)法填空題—空格設(shè)計(jì)純空格介詞，連詞，代詞，冠詞，從句引導(dǎo)詞，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，助動(dòng)詞等有提醒詞謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，名詞，形容詞，副詞，形容詞或副詞比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)第5頁(yè)第5頁(yè)3.Thelittleboypulled[33]________righthandoutofthepocket…

冠詞或(物主)代詞無(wú)提醒詞可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)之前1.Thereoncewereagoatandadonkey….Sothefarmerkilled[40]__________goatandgavethedonkeymedicinemadefromitsheart.

2.WhenIseeachildsubjecttothiskindofpressure,IthinkofDonnie.Hewas[35]________shy,nervousperfectionist.

the

a

his考察語(yǔ)法點(diǎn):定冠詞,不定冠詞,物主代詞使用辦法討論歸納第6頁(yè)第6頁(yè)歸納總結(jié)：假如句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)完整，空格后面是名詞（尤其是單數(shù)名詞），前面無(wú)限定詞，就應(yīng)當(dāng)考慮空格處是否需要填冠詞(a/the)、不定代詞(any,no,some,all,every….)和形容詞性物主代詞(my,her,their,its…)，名詞所有格等進(jìn)行修飾。

第7頁(yè)第7頁(yè)連詞或從句引導(dǎo)詞無(wú)提醒詞兩個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)連接1.Itwasnotlong[39]_________thewaitresscamebackandthenshebegantowipedownthetableandsuddenlywassurprisedatwhatshesaw.2.Officeworkerstriedtoputoutthefire,____itwasimpossibletocontrol

it.

before考察語(yǔ)法點(diǎn):各類復(fù)合句中連詞,引導(dǎo)詞使用辦法討論歸納

找出謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；分清楚句子層次

理清分句關(guān)系；克服干擾，劃掉修飾成份but第8頁(yè)第8頁(yè)歸納總結(jié)：1從句子結(jié)構(gòu)考慮，假如空格前后都有句子。則要依據(jù)上下文邏輯關(guān)系，選擇適當(dāng)副詞或連詞。表原因：because,for,since等表結(jié)果：so,therefore,hence,thus等表遞進(jìn)：further,furthermore,moreover,inaddition等表轉(zhuǎn)折：but,nevertheless,however,yet,While,althouhgh,though等第9頁(yè)第9頁(yè)2假如兩個(gè)句子（即兩個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)）之間沒(méi)有分號(hào)或句號(hào)，也沒(méi)相關(guān)聯(lián)詞連接或引導(dǎo)，則填并列連詞或從屬連詞

that,which,who,whom,whose,when,where,why(引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句)that,whether,if,whose,which,who,what,when,where,how,why(引導(dǎo)名詞性從句)when,before,after,until,while,because,so,if,unless,although,as(引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句)and,orbut(連接并列句）第10頁(yè)第10頁(yè)介詞無(wú)提醒詞與名詞相連構(gòu)成介賓短語(yǔ)擔(dān)任狀語(yǔ),補(bǔ)語(yǔ),表語(yǔ)等與不及物動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)接賓語(yǔ)1.Inshort,Ibelievethatitis[39]__________greatusetokeepadairyinEnglish…2.WhenItookthemoneyfromhergrandparents,Ilookedback[34]_________thegirl,whowasgivingmethemostoptimistic,largestsmileIhadeverseen.

of

at考察語(yǔ)法點(diǎn):介詞基本使用辦法及慣用搭配討論歸納第11頁(yè)第11頁(yè)歸納總結(jié)名詞或代詞前面空格也也許填介詞。如句子不缺主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞后不缺賓語(yǔ)情況下，名詞或代詞前面，一定是填介詞。介詞可位于名詞之前如：atnight,onSunday也可位于形容詞之后，如beinterestedin,begoodat還可位于不及物動(dòng)詞之后，如listento,arriveat,lookfor第12頁(yè)第12頁(yè)特殊句式結(jié)構(gòu)1Sherememberedhowdifficult___wastochooseasuitableChristmaspresentforherfather.2Little____weknowhislife.3____coldwastheweatherthatwehadtostayathome.4I____gotothestationtomeetherbutIdidn'tseeher.5Itwasinthestreet____Imetanoldclassmateofminetheotherday.itdoSodidthat第13頁(yè)第13頁(yè)歸納總結(jié)由特殊句式結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)判斷空格應(yīng)填詞1由itis...that...強(qiáng)調(diào)句型2由it作形式主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)句式3so\such...that...句型4構(gòu)成倒裝條件only,so,neither,nor,never,hardly,seldom,notuntil,had等5強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要填do,does,did.第14頁(yè)第14頁(yè)★有提醒詞解題技巧分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)上下文語(yǔ)境謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)）非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞名詞，形容詞，副詞，形容詞或副詞比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)有提醒詞第15頁(yè)第15頁(yè)動(dòng)詞給出提醒詞為動(dòng)詞時(shí)，我們應(yīng)首先分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，判斷該動(dòng)詞在句中是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞還是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，或者是否需要轉(zhuǎn)換詞性等，然后再詳細(xì)解題。第16頁(yè)第16頁(yè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有提醒詞與主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成主謂結(jié)構(gòu)1.IwascertainshewouldlikeitbecauseI[39]_______(tell)bymyclassmatesthatshelovedhotfood.2.Hisfearoffailure[36]__________(keep)himfromclassroomgamesthatotherchildrenplayedwithjoyousabandon.

wastold

kept考察語(yǔ)法點(diǎn):謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)及語(yǔ)態(tài),及主謂一致討論歸納第17頁(yè)第17頁(yè)技巧1①：句中沒(méi)有謂語(yǔ)，或者即使已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，但需填詞與已存在謂語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)一致，且中間有并列或轉(zhuǎn)折連詞時(shí)，需填詞則是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。時(shí)態(tài)考慮要瞻前顧后。例1.ThatwasdefinitelynotanattractiveideasoIpolitelydeclinedherinvitation,_________(close)mybookandwalkedaway.

closed第18頁(yè)第18頁(yè)例2.Allovertheworld,peoplemovefromplacetoplace.Moreandmorepeople__________(leave)townsandfarmstomovetocities.Thismovement(move)tocitiesiscalledurbanization.

areleaving第19頁(yè)第19頁(yè)例3.Smallercarsarejustoneofthedirectionsthatthecarindustryistaking.Alsotheindustry___________________(produce)carsthatpollutelessandhavealessharmfuleffectontheenvironmentthesedays.isproducing第20頁(yè)第20頁(yè)例4.Nobodyknowswhat_____________________(happen)ifshehadrefusedtopay.wouldhavehappened例5.Theinternationalagreement,intendedtoencouragechildrennottosmokeand___________(help)peoplekickthehabit,____________(sign)onFebruary27lastsummer.helpwassigned第21頁(yè)第21頁(yè)例6.……Thehappiest(happy)ofpeopledon’tnecessarily(necessary)havethebestofeverything;theyjustmakethemostofeverythingthat_______(come)es例7.…….Thecountrylifehewasusedto____________（change）greatlysincetheopeningpolicywascarriedout.haschanged第22頁(yè)第22頁(yè)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有提醒詞除謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞以外動(dòng)詞形式1.Wemustalsoconsiderthereactionoftheperson[32]__________(receive)thegift.2.…IthennoticedthatIhadjust10minutesleft____________(complete)therest!3.Mypupils,Donnie[40]__________(include),adoredher.

receiving

tocomplete

included考察語(yǔ)法點(diǎn):非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞及變形使用討論歸納第23頁(yè)第23頁(yè)技巧2：若句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，又不是并列謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，所給動(dòng)詞就是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。若是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就要擬定用doing形式，done形式，還是todo形式。非謂語(yǔ)形式一定要考慮它與其邏輯主語(yǔ)之間關(guān)系。第24頁(yè)第24頁(yè)例10.……butitisnotenoughonly______________(memorize)rulesfromagrammarbook.tomemorize例11.……_________(speak)outyourinnerfeelingwon’tmakeyoufeelashamed,onthecontrary……Speaking注意：作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，通慣用doing/beingdone形式表示習(xí)慣或普通情況；用todo/tobedone形式表示詳細(xì)情況或未來(lái)；作狀語(yǔ)用havingdone/havingbeendone表示已發(fā)生。第25頁(yè)第25頁(yè)例12.……____________(complete)theprojectasplanned,we’llhavetoworktwomorehoursaday.Tocomplete例14.Somepeoplesaythatoldestchildren,whoaresmartandstrong-willed,areverylikely_____________(success.)tosucceed注意：作目狀語(yǔ)或者在固定結(jié)構(gòu)中，一般用todo形式。例13.Theyoungstudentdidallthathecould______(pass)theexaminations.topass第26頁(yè)第26頁(yè)例15.Hesawthestone,______(say)tohimself:“Thenightwilllbeverydark.”saying注意：分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，原因狀語(yǔ)，條件狀語(yǔ)等時(shí)，要看它與邏輯主語(yǔ)關(guān)系擬定形式。第27頁(yè)第27頁(yè)例16.Therewillbeameeting,_______(start)laterthisyeartoreviewthefilm.learned注意：分詞做后置定語(yǔ)也要看它與被修飾詞之間關(guān)系擬定形式。starting例17.…….Lessons_________(learn)insportscanhelpusinourdealingwithotherpeople.第28頁(yè)第28頁(yè)例18.At9:07pm,Sept.25,TheShenzhouVIIspacecraftwasliftedbythelongMarchⅡ-Fcarrierrocketintospace.ThelaunchoftheShenzhouVIIisChina’sthirdmannedspaceventuresinceOctober23,whenitjoinedRussiaandtheUnitedStatesastheonlycountries_____________(send)astronautsitnospace.注意：名詞前有first,second,…last,only修飾時(shí)，后面要用todo/tohavedone做后置定語(yǔ)。tohavesenttheonly第29頁(yè)第29頁(yè)例19.Mr.Greenwasdisappointedtoseethewashingmachineshehadhad______（repair）gowrongagain.注意：固定結(jié)構(gòu)如：havesth.done,seesth.done,thewaytodo等。repaired例20.Canyoutellmethewayyouthoughtof___________(work)outtheproblem.towork第30頁(yè)第30頁(yè)詞性轉(zhuǎn)換

有提醒詞介詞,冠詞,所有格后接名詞,形容詞修飾名詞,副詞修飾形容詞動(dòng)詞或整個(gè)句子1.“Thirty-fivecents,”shesaid[36]__________(rude).2.Oneofthe[33]__________(bad)giftchoicesIevermadewasformyhighschoolEnglishteacher…5.AsfarasIamconcerned,my[37]____________(suggest)isthatweshouldalwayshaveanotebookandaChinese-Englishwithineasyreach.

rudely

worst

suggestion考察語(yǔ)法點(diǎn):各類詞性正確使用及轉(zhuǎn)化討論歸納第31頁(yè)第31頁(yè)技巧2：詞類轉(zhuǎn)換題要先擬定在句中成份。dangerous例19.Ina_________(danger)partoftheseaoffthecoastofNewZealand,theylearntto……例20.Theremustbesomething_________(serious)wrongwithoursociety.seriously第32頁(yè)第32頁(yè)varieties例21.…….ZhengShouying,aprofessorattheFordScienceandTechnologyCollegeofNanjingAgricultureUniversity,believesChineseshouldlearntopickthebestmilkfromthe__________(vary)thatfillstoreshelves.第33頁(yè)第33頁(yè)harder例23.Theotherfrogwentonjumpingashardashecould….Hejumpedeven________(hard)andfinallymadehimselfout.unnecessary例22.Yourmistakecausedalotof____________(necessity)workintheoffice.第34頁(yè)第34頁(yè)請(qǐng)用剛剛總結(jié)考點(diǎn),嘗試用下面短文,進(jìn)行語(yǔ)法填空命題1挖出你認(rèn)為會(huì)考10個(gè)空；2注明理由（比如：介詞+名詞）；3時(shí)間：3分鐘。

Morethan220peoplewerekilledinthefirewhichdestroyedtheCapitalBuildingonFebruary4th,1974.Thebuildingwasfinishedonlyafewmonthsbeforethefire;itwasSaoPaulo’snewestbuilding.Allthe25floorsoftheofficebuildingwerecompletelydestroyed.Thefirealsodestroyedcarswhichbelongedtopeoplewhoworkedinthebuilding.Over500peoplewereworkinginthebuildingwhenthefirebrokeoutonthe11thfloor.Nooneknowshowthefirestarted.Perhapsitwasstartedbyanelectricalfireintheceilingofoneoftheoffices.Officeworkerstriedtoputoutthefire,butitwasimpossibletocontrolit.Soonthewholefloorwasonfireanditwasimpossibleforpeopleonthefloorsabovetoescape.第35頁(yè)第35頁(yè)考點(diǎn)分布考點(diǎn)數(shù)量動(dòng)詞(謂語(yǔ)/非謂語(yǔ))名詞連詞(從屬連詞/并列連詞)介詞代詞冠詞形容詞副詞第36頁(yè)第36頁(yè)

Morethan220peoplewerekilledinthefire___1_____destroyedtheCapitalBuildingonFebruary4th,1974.Thebuildingwasfinishedonlyafewmonths___2_____thefire;itwasSaoPaulo’snewestbuilding.Allthe25___3____oftheofficebuildingwerecompletelydestroyed.__4____firealsodestroyedcarswhichbelongedtopeoplewhoworkedinthebuilding.Over500peoplewereworkinginthebuildingwhenthefire____5__onthe11thfloor.___6___knowshowthefirestarted.Perhapsitwasstartedbyan___7___(electricity)fireintheceilingofoneoftheoffices.Officeworkerstriedtoputoutthefire,_8___itwasimpossibletocontrol__9__.Soonthewholefloorwasonfireanditwasimpossibleforpeopleonthefloorsabove____10___(escape).Onepossibleversion

第37頁(yè)第37頁(yè)Morethan220peoplewerekilledinthefire________destroyedtheCapitalBuildingonFebruary4th,1974.Thebuildingwasfinishedonlyafewmonths________thefire;itwasSaoPaulo’snewestbuilding.Allthe25_______oftheofficebuildingwerecomp