2022-2023年湖南省婁底市大學(xué)英語6級(jí)大學(xué)英語六級(jí)測試卷(含答案)

2022-2023年湖南省婁底市大學(xué)英語6級(jí)大學(xué)英語六級(jí)測試卷(含答案)學(xué)校:________班級(jí):________姓名:________考號(hào):________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.

Theproblemseitherwiththedispensermechanismorwiththebillscanleadto______.

2.

LaterinlifeNixonwasoftenproudofhiselementaryschoolteacherMissGeorgebecausesheheldthathehadaphotographicmind.

A.YB.NC.NG

3.Whatarepeopleadvisedtodoafterajobloss?

A.Arguewiththeemployeraboutthereasonforthelayoff.

B.Remaineven-temperedandavoidradicalbehaviors.

C.Makeafaircommentontheirjobperformance.

D.Sendthecompanye-mailstoaskforcompensation.

4.

Someresearcherstriedtostudygossips,whichtheyfoundalmostimpossibleinthelabenvironment.

A.YB.NC.NG

5.WidelyusingPrEPsmaycausepotentialproblemslikeethicalissuesand______.

6.

Agreatsloganshouldremindpeopleofthebrandname,sothenameshouldappearinthetagline.

A.YB.NC.NG

7.

SomescientistssetupdomesinthePolarRegions.

A.YB.NC.NG

8.

______makesa98.5%reductioninman-daysonunloadingtheship.

A.ContainerizationB.ProductivityC.CompetitionD.Management

9.

Childrenwhohavefatmothersaremuchmorelikelytobecomeobesethemselveslaterinlifebecauseof______.

10.

Aunanimousdefinitionofculturehasfailedtoemergebothinsocialanthropologyandevery-daylife.

A.YB.NC.NG

11.

Toimproveyouroutput,you'dbettercreateastandardforyouroutputandaredeterminedtoovertakeit

12.Natural-gasVehicles

KermittheFrogoncesaid,"It'snotthateasybeingreen."Althoughhewasn'treferringtocars,hisobservationseemsparticularlyappropriatefortheautoindustrytoday:Designing,developingandmarketing"green"carshasnotbeenaneasytask,whichiswhygasoline-poweredvehiclesstillruletheroadandfossilfuelsstillaccountforalmost75percentoftheworld'senergyconsumption.Asgasolinepricessoarandconcernoverharmfulemissionmounts,however,carsthatrunonalternatefuelsourceswillbecomeincreasinglyimportant.Anatural-gasvehicle,orNGV,istheperfectexampleofsuchacar--it'sfuel-efficient,environmentallyfriendlyandoffersarelativelylowcostofownership.

NaturalGasBasics

Theword"gas"isaconfusingtermbecauseitisusedtodescribemanydifferentsubstancesthataresimilarbutnotexactlythesame.Forexample,the"gas"youputinyourcarisgasoline,onecomponentofcrudeoil,orpetroleum.Petroleumisadark,stickyliquidmixtureofcompoundsformedundergroundbythedecayofancientmarineanimals.

Naturalgasalsocomesfromthedecayofancientorganisms,butitnaturallytakesagaseousform.insteadofaliquidform.Naturalgascommonlyoccursinassociationwithcrudeoil.Itisderivedfrombothlandplantsandaquatic(水生的)organicmatterandformsaboveorbelowoildeposits.Itisoftendissolvedincrudeoilatthehighpressuresexistinginareservoir.Therearealsoreservoirsofnaturalgas,knownasnon-associatedgas,thatcontainonlygasandnooil.

Naturalgasconsistsprimarilyofmethane(沼氣)andotherhydrocarbongases.Hydrocarbonsareorganiccompoundscomposedonlyoftheelementscarbonandhydrogen.Thehydrocarbonsinnaturalgasarecalledsaturatedhydrocarbonsbecausetheycontainhydrogenandcarbonboundtogetherbysinglebonds.

Likegasoline,naturalgasiscombustible(易燃的),whichmeansitcanbeusedinacombustionenginelikegasoline.Butcarsthatcouldburnnaturalgasdidn'tappearonthesceneuntilthe1930s.

FromFieldtoFord

Weextractnaturalgastrappedinundergroundreservoirsbydrillingwellsintotheearth.Amodernwell.equippedwithdiamond-studdeddrillbits,candrilltodepthsapproaching25.000feet.

Throughoutthe19thcentury,theuseofnaturalgasremainedlocalizedbecausetherewasnowaytotransportlargequantitiesofgasoverlongdistances,in1890,theinventionofaleakproofpipelinecouplingmadeitpossibletotransportgasmilesfromthesource.Improvementsinpipelinetechnologycontinuedoverthenexttwodecadesuntillong-distancegastransmissionbecamepractical.From1927to1931,,laborersconstructedmorethant0majornaturalgastransmissionsystemsintheUnitedStates,makingnaturalgasaviableenergysourceformanyapplications.Theoilshortagesofthelate1960sandearly1970sbroughtrenewedinterestinnaturalgasasafuelsource,especiallyforautomobiles.

Today,ownersofnatural-gasvehiclescanfilluptheircarsatoneof1,300fuelingstationslocatedintheUnitedStates.Hondaalsooffersapersonalnaturalgaspumptopeoplewhopurchaseitsnatural-gas-poweredCivic.Thepumpusesahome'sexistingnaturalgaslinesandcanbeinstalledfor$500to$1500.

Natural-gasVehicleDesign

Natural-gasvehiclesusethesamebasicprinciplesasgasoline-poweredvehicles.Inotherwords,thefuel(naturalgasinthiscase)ismixedwithairinthecylinderofafour-strokeengineandthenignitedbyasparkplugtomoveapiston(活塞)upanddown.Althoughtherearesomedifferencesbetweennaturalgasandgasolineintermsofflamabilityandignitiontemperatures,NGVsthemselvesoperateonthesamefundamentalconceptsasgasoline-poweredvehicles.

Still,some

A.YB.NC.NG

13.

Theauthorhadeitherforgottenorcompletelyignored______formorethansixyears.

14.

Inthe1960SouthAmericatsunami,whenthethirdwavecame,itreachedtheheightof______.

15.

Oftenassociatedwithcrudeoil,naturalgasisprincipallymadeupof_______andotherhydrocarbongases.

16.

Surveysshowthatmiddleclasscustomerswillgivefirstprioritytothefactorsofcomfortofstoresandselectionofcommoditiestheyofferindecidingwheretoshopthesedays.

A.YB.NC.NG

17.

FreudreturnedtoViennain188andbeganworkasadoctorin______.

18.

ItisreportedbyRolandAndersonthattheGPOsarefilledwith______.

19.IntellectualProperty

Thephraseintellectualproperty(IP)referstothebundleoflegalrightsthatarisefromthecreativegeniusofthehumanmind.IPrightsplayanimportantroleintheeconomicprosperityofacountryandserveasamotivatingforceforcreativeindividualstosharetheirgeniuswithsociety.Likerealandpersonalpropertyrightsprotectone'sownershipinterestintangible(有形的)objects,suchaslandandautomobiles,IPrightsprotectone'sownershipinterestinintangibleobjects,suchastheideabehindaninvention,themusicscoreforaBroadwayplayandthenameorlogousedtobrandaproduct.Withoutenforcementoftheserightsinthelaw,itwouldbedifficultforsocietytoprosperandgrow.Inthisarticle,youwilllearnwhatintellectualpropertyrightsareandthedifferencesbetweenitsvariousforms.

GeneralIntroduction

Whenmostpeoplethinkofintellectualpropertyrights,patents,trademarksandcopyrightscometomind.ThiscoresetofIPrightsrewardandprotectthecreativeworksofinventors,authors,ownersandsellersofgoodsandservicesinthemarketplace.Whilethelegalprinciplesthatunderlieeachoftheserightsaredistinct,theyeachshareacommonsetofprinciples.

Anawardofpatent,trademarkorcopyrightprotectionrequiresadelicatebalancebetweentheinterestsoftheinventororauthorandtheinterestofsocietyasawhole.Thisbalanceisverymuchlikethetradeoff(折衷)requiredbyzoninglaws,whichattempttoprotecttheownershipinterestandexclusiverighttousethatalandownerhaswithsociety’sinterestinthelimiteduseoftheowner'slandforsociety'sgreatergood,Publicutilityeasementsandrightofwaysareexamplesofthisbalance.

Thegrantofapatentonanimportantinventionofalifesavingdrugrepresentsasimilarsetoftradeoffs.Isitfairtotheinventortoallowsocietyfreeaccesstothepatenteddrug?Isitfairtosocietytobedeniedaccessforitsgreatergood?ItistheroleofintellectualPropertylawtoharmonizetheseseeminglyconflictinginterests,

Intellectualpropertyrightsalsofosteracompetitivemarketplace.Theydosobyencouragingdisclosureofinnovationthroughprotectingthefruitsofthatinnovationforaperiodoftime.Disclosureallowsotherstobuildandimproveuponpriorinnovationsothatthestateoftheartcontinuestoevolveanddevelop.Withoutthebenefitsprovidedbyintellectualpropertyprotection,themarketplacewouldnotoperateaseffectively.Imaginewhattheworldwouldbelikeifeverycompetitorhadtocontinuously"reinventthewheel"ratherthanbeingabletorefineandimproveupontheworksofothers.

Finally,intellectualpropertyrightsareregionalinnatureandtheconditionsoftheirgrantandenforceabilityaregovernedbythelawsofeachjurisdiction(權(quán)限).AU.S.patentcanbeonlygrantedandenforcedinaccordancewiththelawsoftheUnitedStates.AtrademarkcanonlyberegisteredandenforcedinCanadainaccordancewiththelawsofCanada,andacopyrightcanonlyberegisteredandenforcedinMexicoinaccordancewithitslaws.Whilethereisadesiretobesomewhatuniform.andconsistent,countrieshavedifferentapproachestointellectualpropertyrightsprotection.VariationsintheprocedureforobtainingIPrightsaccountforalargepercentageofthesedifference,ratherthanthedifferencesinthesubstantive(永久的)rightsgrantedineachcountry.

Thewords"patent"and"trademark"areoftenusedinterchangeably.Manytimes,wehearthatapatentisusedtoprotectalogoandthatatrademarkisusedtoprotectaninvention,andviceversa.Whilepatentsandtrademarksmaybeassociatedwiththesameproduct,thetwowordshaveverydifferentmeaningsandrefertoverydifferentformsofintellectualpropertyrights.Theycans

A.YB.NC.NG

20.

Alltheon-linebusinessmenarehonest.

A.YB.NC.NG

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.

【B2】

22.

【B5】

23.(22)

A.Theentirehouse.

B.Sixroomsonly.

C.Thegardensonly.

D.TheEastRoomonly.

24.

【B11】

25.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

聽力原文：M：Thecitycouncilhasfinallyvotedthefundstobuildanewhighschool.

W：It'sabouttimetheydidit.Idon'tknowwhattookthemsolong．

Q：What'sthewoman'sopinionabouttheschool?

(12)

A.It'stooexpensive.

B.Itisn'tneeded.

C.Itshouldbebuilt.

D.Acollegewouldbebetter.

26.(29)

A.Theirinterestinphysicalactivities.

B.Theirinterestindangerousexperiences.

C.Theirinterestinnatureandoutdooractivities.

D.Theirinterestintouristsites.

27.(28)

A.ItwasthelargestcityofAlaska.

B.Itwasacityof40,000people.

C.Therewerealotofwildanimalsaroundit.

D.Therewasnosignofhumanpresencearoundit.-

28.

【B10】

29.

【B9】

30.【B5】

31.(17)

A.Anoperator.B.Asecretary.C.Ateacher.D.Adriver.

32.聽力原文：M:Goodmorning,Percy.

W:Trevor,youhaveoneofthemostunusualstoriesI'veeverheard.Yet,nowadays,youseemtoleadaveryordinarylife.

M:Yes,Percy.I'madentist.IliveandworkinLondon.

W:Butatonetimeyouusedtohaveadifferentjob?

M:Yes,Iwasasoldier.

W:Asoldier?

M:That'sright.

W:Andhowlongagowasthat?

M:Oh,abouttwothousandyearsago.

W:That'sright.TrevorCartridgebelievesthathewasasoldierinthearrayofJuliusCaesar.HerememberscomingtoBritainwiththeRomanarmytwothousandyearsago,Trevor,tellusyourremarkablestory...inyourawnwords!

M:Well,funnilyenough,itallbeganbecauseIwantedtogiveupsmoking.

W:Giveupsmoking?

M:Mm,IusedtosmoketoomuchandItriedtogiveupseveraltimes,butIalwaysstartedsmokingagainafewdayslater.IntheendIwenttoahypnotist.Hehypnotizedme,andIstoppedsmokingatonceIwasdelighted,msyoucanimagine.

W:Yes?

M:Thatmademeveryinterestedinhypnotism,andItalkedtothehypnotistaboutit.Hetoldmethatsomepeoplecouldremembertheirpastliveswhentheywerehypnotized,andheaskedifIwantedtotry.Ididn'tbelieveitatfirst,butintheendIagreed,Hehypnotizedme,andsureenoughIwasaRomansoldierinCaesar'sarmy.

W:Youdidn'tbelieveitatfirst?

M:Ididn'tbelieveitbeforewetriedtheexperiment.NowI’mabsolutelyconvincedit'strue.

(20)

A.Caesar'sarmy.

B.Giveupsmoking.

C.Hypnotism.

D.Ordinarylife.

33.聽力原文："Hightech"and"stateoftheart"aretwoexpressionsthatdescribeverymoderntechnology.(29)Hightechisjustashorterwayofsayinghightechnology.Andhightechnologydescribesanyinvention,systemordevicethatusesthenewestideasordiscoveriesofscienceandengineering.Whatishightech?Acomputerishightech.Soisacommunicationssatellite.Amodernmanufacturingsystemissurelyhightech.(30)HightechbecameapopularexpressionintheUnitedStatesduringtheearly1980's.Becauseofimprovementsintechnology,peoplecouldbuymanynewkindsofproductsinAmericanstores,suchashomecomputers,microwaveovens,etc."Stateoftheart'issomethingthatisasmodernaspossible.Itisaproductthatisbasedontheverylatestmethodsandtechnology.Somethingthatis"stateoftheart"meansthenewestpossibledesignorproductofabusinessorindustry.Astateofthearttelevisionset,forexample,usesthemostmodernelectronicdesignandparts.Itisthebestthatonecanbuy."Stateoftheart"isnotanewexpression.Engineershaveuseditforyears,todescribethebestandmostmodernwayofdoingsomething.(30)MillionsofAmericansbegantousetheexpressioninthelate1970's.(31)Thereasonwasthecomputerrevolution.Everycomputercompanyclaimedthatitscomputerswere"stateoftheart".Computertechnologychangedsofastthatastateoftheartcomputertodaymightbeoldtomorrow.Theexpression"stateoftheart"becameascommonandpopularascomputersthemselves.Nowallkindsofproductsaresaidtobe"stateoftheart".

(30)

A.Totellwhat"hightech"and"stateoftheart"are.

B.Totellhow"hightech"and"stateoftheart"havedeveloped.

C.Togiveexamplesofhightech.

D.Todescribethemoderntechnology.

34.聽力原文：WhenlittleMidoriwastwoyearsold,sheoftenClimbedontothepianobenchandreachedfortheviolinthatbelongedtohermother,a38-year-oldprofessionalmusician.

"Pleasedon'ttouchmyviolin,Midori,"hermotherscolded.Theviolinwas,afterall,worthmorethan$20000.Aprofessionalmusicianneverownsinexpensivemusicalinstruments.

ButMidoripersisted;shelongedtohandlethegracefulinstrumentthatmadebeautifulsounds.Finally,onherthirdbirthday,Midoriwashandedapackage:atinyviolin,abouthalfthenormalsize.ThatwasMidori'sfirstviolin.

AlmostfromthemomentMidoriwasborn,hermotherknewshewassensitivetomusic.Forseveralyearsmotheranddaughterpracticedtogetherdayafterday.She-waseagertolearn.Shelovedmusicfromthebottomofherheart.Failureoftenledtotears,thoughsheneveronceturnedfromtheinstrument.Shejustcouldnotstopherloveformusic.Instead,shepersisteduntiltheproblemwasovercome.

OnedayJohnson,anAmericanmusician,heardMidoriplayingtheviolin.Hecouldn'tbelieveshewasjusteightyearsold."ShemustmakeatapeandIwilltakeittotheUnitedStates,"themusiciansaid.

AfamousAmericanviolinteacherheardthetape.He,too,haddifficultybelievinghisears.Theplayingwasabsolutelyastonishing.Heimmediatelyacceptedherasapupilandrecommendedherforafullscholarship.In1982,MidoriandhermothermovedtoNeatYorkcity,leavingbehindacomfortablelifeinJapan.

(33)

A.Sheisahousewife.

B.Sheisateacher.

C.Sheisasinger.

D.Sheisamusician.

35.(36)

A.Childrenshouldsaveasmuchmoneyastheycould.

B.Childrenshouldcutcostsandplanforthefuture.

C.Childrenmayspendmoneyastheywish.

D.Childrenshouldmakesacrificestogiveallowancestothepoor.

36.

【B7】

37.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

聽力原文：W:JeanreallylosthertemperinDr.Brown'sclassthismorning.Wewereallshockedbyheraggressiveness.

M:Oh,didshe?ButIthinkherfranknessisreallysomethingtobeappreciated.

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

(12)

A.HeadmiresJean'sstraightforwardness.

B.HethinksDr.Browndeservesthepraise.

C.HebelievesJeanwasrudetoDr.Brown.

D.HewilltalktoJeanaboutwhathappened.

38.(34)

A.Consumerswereresponsive.

B.Consumerswerehostile.

C.Consumersturnedcautiousofit.

D.Consumersdidn'tcareallthetime.

39.聽力原文：M:Youknow,I'mjustnottoosureifthenewsalarywillbehighenoughoreventhenewpositionisreallywhatIwant.Besides,IliketheworkthatIamdoingnow.

W:Itsoundsasthoughyou'vealreadymadeupyourmindaboutwhatyouaregoingtodo.

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

(15)

A.Hewantsmoresalary.

B.Hedoesn'tlikethenewposition.

C.Heisdeterminedtorefusetheoffer.

D.Heisnotsureabouthispresentjob.

40.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

(12)

A.Sheisnotaveryfamousactress.

B.Sheisnotverymuchtemptedbybigmoney.

C.Shehasnoideaofhowtomakeadvertisements.

D.Sheisnotsofortunateasotheractresses.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Theexistenceofghostsmaybedebated.ButtheimpactoftraditionalAsianbeliefsonThailand'stourismtradesincetheDecember26,2004,tsunami(海嘯)appearsindisputable.

TourismfromEurope,Australia,andtheUnitedStateshasreboundedsincethedisaster.ButtouristarrivalsfromelsewhereinAsiahaveplummeted(垂直落下)sincethetsunamiandhaveyettobounceback.

IndustryobserversciteAsiantourists'fearsofghostsintsunami-strickenareasasthemainreasonforthedecline.Thetsunamiclaimedmorethan215,000livesin11countriesaroundtheIndianOceanandleftanother50,000peopleunaccountedfor.BuddhismandotherAsianbeliefsystemsholdthatifbodiesarenotrecoveredandproperlyburied,theirspiritsrestlesslywandertheEarth.ManyAsiansbelievethatlostsoulstrytodraglivingbeingsintoaspirituallimbo(地獄的邊緣).

OnThailand'ssouthwesterncoastmorethan5,300peoplediedand2,900morewentmissingwhenthetsunamisweptashore.Halfofthevictimswereforeigntourists.Sincethedisaster,talesofghostsightingshavebecomeepidemic.Foreignghostsseemtobeparticularlycommon,andmanyoftheaccountsarebeingcoveredinlocalnewspapers.

"Beliefinghostsandspiritsiswidespreadandall-importantinAsianreligiousandculturaltraditions,"saidStevenHeine,areligiousstudiesprofessorattheInstituteforAsianStudiesatFloridainternationalUniversityinMiami.

AsBuddhismgraduallyspreadfromIndiatoAsia,itwasmoldedbyvariousfolkreligions.Mostofthesebeliefsystemshaveastrongelementofancestorworship."Wheresomeonediesprematurely...,itiscommonlybelievedthattheghostswillhangaroundtheaccidentareaandharassthelivingwhocomenear,"Cohensaid.

InThailandtouristarrivalstoBangkokdroppedby27percentbetweenJanuary2004andJanuary2005.KoreanandJapanesetravelagencieshavereportedlyseenamassivedrop-offinthenumberofbookingstoThaicoastalresorts.BusinessissobadthatmanyAsianairlineshavecuttheirdirectflightstoPhuket.

"Asiantouristsarescaredofghosts..,andthesearefactorsthathavemadeourtouristarrivalsdropshortofourgoal,"ThaitourismministerSomsakThepsuthintoldalocalradioshow.

TheThaigovernmenthasgivenprivatecompaniesgrantsequaltomillionsofU.S.dollarsformarketingandadvertisingcampaignstohelpAsiantouristsovercometheirfears.

Meanwhile,Buddhistmonkshavebeenpresidingovercleansingceremoniesatresortsthatweredestroyedbythetsunami.Daysafterthetsunamistruck,monksinflowingorangerobescouldbeseenwalkingalongthebeachessprinklingholywater

ManyAsiantouristsdarenotgotoThailandsincethetsunamiin2004becauseoftheir

42.

Comparedwithspokenlanguage,writingmakesitpossibletokeeprecordsandtransmitin-formationtopeoplewhowere__________whentheinformationwasgiven.

43.

WhatwayshavebeenusedbytheBritishcompaniestosolvetheproblemoflanguagebarriersincethe1960s?

44.Scholarsandstudentshavealwaysbeengreattravelers.Theofficialeasefor"academicmobility"isnowoftenstatedinimpressivetermsasafundamentalnecessityforeconomicandsocialprogressintheworld,anddebatedinthecorridorsofEurope;butitiscertainlynothingnew.Seriousstudentswerealwaysreadytogoabroadinsearchofthemoststimulatingteachersandthemostfamousacademies;insearchofthepurestphilosophy,themosteffectivemedicine,thelikeliestmudtogold.

MobilityofthisKindmeantalsomobilityofideas,theirtransferenceacrossfrontiers,andtheirsimultaneousimpactuponmanygroupsofpeople.Thepointoflearningistoshareit,whetherwithstudentsorwithcolleagues.Onepresumesthatonlyeccentricshavenointerestinbeingcreditedwithastartlingdiscovery,oranewtechnique.Itmustalsohavebeenreassuringtoknowthatotherpeopleisotherpartsoftheworldwereabouttomakethesamediscoveryorwerethinkingalongthesamelines,andthatonewasnotquitealone,confrontedbyinquisition,ridiculeorneglect.

Inthetwentiethcentury,andparticularlyinthelast20years,theoldfootpathsofthewanderingscholarshavebecomevasthighways.Thevehiclewhichhasmadethispossiblehasofcoursebeentheaeroplane,makingcontactbetweenscholarseveninthemostdistantplacesimmediatelyfeasible,andprovidingfortheveryrapidtransmissionofknowledge.

Apartfromthevehicleitself,itisfairlyeasytoidentifythemainfactorswhichhavebroughtabouttherecentexplosioninacademicmovement.Someofthesearepurelyquantitativeandrequirenofurthermention:therearefarmorecentersoflearning,andafargreaternumberofscholarsandstudents.

Inadditiononemustrecognizetheveryconsiderablemultiplicationofdisciplines,particularlyinthesciences,whichbywideningthetotalareaofadvancedstudieshasproducedanenormousnumberofspecialistswhoseparticularinterestsarepreciselydefined.Thesepeoplewouldworkinsomeisolationiftheywerenotabletokeepintouchwithsimilarisolatedgroupsinothercountries.

Frequentlythesespecializationslayinareaswhereveryrapiddevelopmentsaretakingplace,andalsowheretheresearchneededfordevelopmentsisextremelycostlyandtakesalongtime.Itispreciselyintheseareasthattheadvantagesofcollaborationandsharingofexpertiseappearmostevident.Associatedwiththisisthegrowthofspecialistperiodicals,whichenablescholarstobecomeawareofwhatishappeningindifferentcentersofresearchandtomeeteachotherinconferencesandsymposia(座談會(huì)).Fromthesemeetingscomethepersonalrelationshipswhichareatthebottomofalmostallformalizedschemasofcooperation,andprovidethemwiththeirmostsatisfactorystimulus.

Accordingtothepassage,scholarsandstudentsaregreattravelersbecause______.

A.salariesandconditionsarebetterabroad

B.standardsarehigheratforeignuniversities

C.theyareeagerfornewknowledge

D.theirgovernmentsencouragetheretotravel

45.

Theauthor'sattitudetowardsRussiangovernmentis______.

A.affirmativeB.nostalgicC.neutralD.negative

46.

Whatistheauthor'smainpurpose?

A.TohighlypraiseMs.Harris'swork.

B.TocounterMs.Harris'swork.

C.ToobjectivelyreportonMs.Harris'swork.

D.To.criticallycommentonMs.Harris'swork.

47.

WhyshouldtherooftopgardenbebuiltonthetopofCityHallotherthanonanyotherbuildings?

A.BecausetheCityHallislarge.

B.Becausethemayorhadurgedtheenvironmentaldepartmenttodoso.

C.Becauseitcanmakepeopleunderstandtheirimpactonenvironmentbetterthroughapublicbuilding.

D.BecausetheexpertsjustwanttomaketheCityHallaconvenientlaboratory.

48.【S7】

49.

TheFrenchgovernmentwasreluctanttolettheworkersleavethecountrybecauseitwouldhinder______.

50.

Bysaying"nobodyundersellsAmerica"(Underlined),theauthormeansthat______.

A.noothercountryunderestimatesthecompetitivenessofAmericanproducts

B.nobodyexpectstheAmericanstocutthepricesoftheircommodities

C.nobodyrestrainsthesellingofAmericangoods

D.noothercountrysellsatalowerpricethanAmerica

51.

What'sthecauseoftheproblemtalkedabout?

52.

TheBritishDNAdatabaseisestablishedto______.

A.findtheidenticalDNAprofiles

B.helpcriminalinvestigations

C.storepeople'spersonalinformation

D.treatpeopleofpotentialdiseases

53.

WhichisthereactiontakentocopewithGoogle'schallenge?

A.Likingpagesbythemes.

B.CombingtherivalsofGoogle.

C.Developingspreadsheetswithbetterfunctions.

D.Theadditionofhumanisticconsiderationtoarithmeticrules.

54.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Teachingchildrentoreadwellfromthestartisthemostimportanttaskofelementaryschools.Butrelyingoneducatorstoapproachthistaskcorrectlycanbeagreatmistake.Manyschoolscontinuetoemployinstru