2022-2023年湖南省邵陽市大學(xué)英語6級(jí)大學(xué)英語六級(jí)真題(含答案)

2022-2023年湖南省邵陽市大學(xué)英語6級(jí)大學(xué)英語六級(jí)真題(含答案)學(xué)校:________班級(jí):________姓名:________考號(hào):________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.

AccordingtoPatriciaMorgantheincreasingnumberofwomenwhohavechildrenlateordon'twanttogivebirthtochildrenarethosewhoare______.

2.

Theauthorsaysthebestwaytoensuretherightsizeofabikeforyouistoalterthepositionofthehandlebarsandtheseat

A.YB.NC.NG

3.

Traditionalmediaoutletssuchas______maystillhoaxtheiraudiencesnowadays.

4.

Oneinnovativeproposalproposedbysomeexpertsisproviding______for25,000qualifiedundergraduatestudents.

5.

Thepassagetellsuswhybathsandmassagesbenefitusintermsofmood.

A.YB.NC.NG

6.

HurricanesaremainlyformedinGulfofMexico.

7.

TheUnitedStatesspendmuchmoremoneyonprogramstopreventdiseasesthanon______.

8.

BurningCDiseasy,withonlyoneimportantdecisiontomake:toburnitonceforallor______.

9.

Weneedtoeatmorefat,becauseagramoffatcontainsmorecaloriesthanagramofprotein.

A.YB.NC.NG

10.

ThetradingcompaniesusedonlyadvertisementstopersuadepeopleinallpartsoftheworldtogotoAmerica.

A.YB.NC.NG

11.BeforeAndyHildebrandretiredat40,heworkedfor______.

A.theseismologicalbureau

B.Auto-Tune'sparentcompany

C.oilcompanies

D.atape-recorderfactory

12.Married,WithMoney

Youfightoverfinances,right?Here'showtokeepthecashandthepassion.

BrianGreenbergisacollegefinancialplanner,butonarecentmorninghefeltmorelikeamarriagecounselor.Thecouplesittinginhisoffice,nearCherryHill,NewJersey,wasseekingadviceaboutapplyingforfinancialaidfortheman'ssonfromapreviousmarriage."Whentheywalkedin,"Geenbergrecalls,"Icouldfeelthehostility."

Theincomefromthewife'sbusiness,whichshehadstartedbeforetheymarried,wasmodest,butitwasjustenoughtolimittheamountofaidthesoncouldreceive.Thehusbandwantedhertoincorporatetoreducetheirincome,therebyallowingthesontoqualifyformoreaid.Shedidn'twanttogothroughthecomplicatedincorporationprocess,butfeltpressuredbyherhusband."Hewassaying,'I'mentitledtodowhatIwantbecauseI'mmakingthemoneythatpaysthebills,'"recallsGreenberg."Thatkindofthinkingunderminesarelationship."

Muchofthistypeofanimosity(仇恨)canbeavoidedifonlycoupleswouldtalkaboutmoneybeforetheygetmarried,saysMaryClaireAllvine,acertifiedfinancialplannerinChicagoandAtlantaandco-authorofThe7MostImportantMoneyDecisionsYou'llEverMake.Withoutthistalk,it'sunlikelythatcoupleshaveanactualplanfortheirlivestogether.

StudieshaveshownthatdisagreementsovermoneyaretheNo.1causeoffrictioninamarriage.Andforsome,they'retheNo.1reasonfordivorce.

Sowhycansomecouplesweatherfinancialupsanddownswhileotherssplitoverahouseholdbudget?Thekeytosuccessistofindthecommonground—thesharedvaluesabouthow,aspartners,youwanttoliveyourJivestogether.Herearesometipsforexecutingamoneyplanwithoutlosingthepassion.

Thinkbigandputitinbuckets.Aftercoupleshavepaidtheirfixedexpenses,theyoftenfindthemselvesdisagreeingoverhowtospendwhat'sleft-payoffthecreditcardsorgetthatHDTVoneofthemhasbeencraving.

Toavoidsuchclashes,talkaboutyourdreams.Allvine'sresearchsayscoupleswhodon'tgetboggeddownwithday-to-daybudgetingdetailsareusuallythemostsuccessfulwiththeirmoney."Youcan'tsaytothespender,Okay,youcanonlyspend$50amonth.It'slikeputtingpeopleonadietwheretheycanlastforawhilebutthentheyjustbingeandeataloafofbread.Thespenderwillsay,"I'llcutback.Andthentheystartcuttingouttheextracupofcoffee.Butit'srarelythecoffeethatputsthemindebt.It’sthehometheycan'taffordortheeartheyshouldn'tbedriving."

Allvinerecommendssortingyourbigdreams-startingabusiness,owningahome,savingforavacation-intocategories,orbuckets."Whenyounamethebucket,youknowwhatthatmoneyisfor,andyouwon'tuseitforanythingelse.That'showcouplesgettotheirgoals-theypaythemselvesfirstforthebigthings."

Everyoneneedstheprenuptial(結(jié)婚前的)talk.Astoday'scouplesmarrylater,orremarry,theyfacebigchallengescombiningresources.Onespousemaybringchildrenfromapreviousmarriage;anothermightbecaringforelderlyparents.Thenew-thinksays,richornot,youmayneedaprenuptialagreement."Itmakessensetothinkthingsthroughearlyon,"saysMellodyHobson,presidentofArielCapitalManagementinChicago.

ButCarrieSchwab-Pomerantz,co-author,withherfather,CharlesSchwab,ofItPaystoTalk,hasadifferenttake:"Noteveryoneneedstosignaprenuptialdocument-buteveryoneshouldhavetheprenuptialconversation."

Thepoint,saysSchwab-Pomerantz,istogetanideaofeachother'smoneypersonality."Ifsomeonehasalotofdebt,thatcanreflectsomepersonalityissuesthathisorherpartnerneedstoknowabout.Howyoudealwithmoneyisareflection

A.YB.NC.NG

13.

Threeweeksaftertheexplosion,whentheblacksailorswereorderedbacktoworkmostofthem______.

14.

Somebusinessmenhavefoundit______byputtingusersintovideo-game-likevirtualworlds.

15.

DuringWorldWarII,moreyoungerpeopletookupsmoking.

A.YB.NC.NG

16.WhatisthebestwaytoreleasestressaccordingtothesuggestionsoftheU.S.DepartmentofHealthandHumanServices?

A.Takingexerciseorphysicalactivity.

B.Talkingwithsomeoneaboutyouranxietiesandworries.

C.Makingeveryefforttoeatwellandtogetenoughrest.

D.Learningsomerelaxationtechniques.

17.Oneofthegreatdrawbacksofcellularnetworksisitsexpensiveimplementingcost.

18.Whatdoestheresultofthefacechoosingexperimentsreveal?

A.Peoplecouldexplainwellwhytheymadetheirchoices.

B.Onlyafewofparticipantshadchoiceblindnessinmakingdecision.

C.Usuallyparticipantswereawareofthelimitsoftheirskills.

D.Mostparticipantsdidn'trealizethattheirchoiceshadbeenswitched.

19.

SomeresearchersarenetcementwithIQtestbecausetheythinkthatintelligenceis______.

20.

WhichofthefollowingisTRUEabouttheU.S.paten?

A.ItonlyprotectsU.S.citizens.

B.Itonlyprotectsdesignsmadeinthec6untry.

C.ItonlyhaseffectwithinthecountryofU.S.

D.Itonlyallowsthepatentobeusedinthecountry.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.(27)

A.Byfindingsufficientsupportforimplementation.

B.Bytakingintoaccounttheirownabilitytochange.

C.Byconstantlykeepinginmindtheirultimategoals.

D.Bymakingdetailedplansandcarryingthemout.

22.聽力原文：W：Mr．LeewasborninIndonesia，wasn'the?

M：Idon'tknowwhetherhewasbornthereornot，butI'veheardhimsayhelivedinHongKongwhenhewasinjuniorhighschool．

Q：Whatdoesn'tthemanknowaboutMr．Lee?

(18)

A.Hedoesn'tknowifMr.LeewasborninIndonesia.

B.Hedoesn'tknowwhereMr.Leelivedbefore.

C.Hedoesn'tknowwhenMr.LeewouldgotoHongKong.

D.Hedoesn'tknowwhereMr.Leegrewup.

23.(15)

A.Deliverthepackageinperson.

B.Pickupthepackageatthepostoffice.

C.Findoutthehoursthepostofficeisopen.

D.Asktohavethepackagedeliveredtohishome.

24.(34)

A.Flowers,cardsandclothes.

B.Flowersandgoldjewellery.

C.Cakes,flowersandcards.

D.Cakes,cardsandgoldjewellery.

25.聽力原文：BetweentenandmidnighttheUnitedStatesispoliticallyleaderless--thereisnocenterofinformationanywhereinthenationexceptintheNewYorkheadquartersofthegreatbroadcastingcompaniesandthetwogreatwireservices.Nocandidateandnopartycanaffordtheinvestmentonelectionnighttomatchthenews-gatheringresourcesofthemassmedia;andso,aseverycitizensitsinhishomewatchinghisTVsetorlisteningtohisradio,heistheequalofanyotherinknowledge.Thereisnothingthatcanbedoneinthesehours,fornoonecananylongerdirectthegreatstrikeforAmericanpower;thepollshaveclosed.Goodorbad,whateverthedecision,Americawillacceptthedecision--andcutdownanymanwhogoesagainstit,eventhoughformillionsthedecisionrunscontrarytotheirownvotes.Thegeneralvoteisanexpressionofnationalwill,theonlysubstituteforviolenceandblood.Itsdecisionistobedefendedasonedefendscivilizationitself.

ThereisnothinglikethisAmericanexpressionofwillinEnglandorFrance,IndiaorRussia.Onlyoneothermajornationinmodernhistoryhasevertriedtoelectitsleaderdirectlybymass,free,popularvote.ThiswastheWeimarRepublicofGermany,whichmodeleditsunitaryvoteforanationalleaderontheAmericanpractice.OutofitsexperimentwiththesystemitgotHitler.AmericanshavehadLincoln,Wilson,twoRoosevelt's.Nothingcanbedonewhenthevotingreturnsarefloodingin:theWhiteHouseanditspowerwillmovetooneoranotherofthetwocandidates,andallwillknowaboutitinthemorning.

(33)

A.WatchingsportsonTV.

B.Watchingelectionreturns.

C.Latesnacks.

D.Sleeping.

26.(31)

A.Theneedtoexercisethememory.

B.Howthebraindiffersfromotherbodytissues.

C.Theunconsciouslearningofaphysicalactivity.

D.Hownervescontrolbodymovement.

27.(24)

A.Hedidn'tunderstandthelecture.

B.Hewantstoborrowhernotesnextweek.

C.Heneedshelpwithamakeupexam,

D.Hewassickandunabletoattend.

28.聽力原文：M:IwassoregretfultohearthatJimlosthisjob.Iknowthathiswifewassicklastmonth,sohewaaalwayslatetowork.

W:Oh,thatwasn'tit.Jimmadeabigerrorinthisweek'saccounting.Thebosswasfurious.

Q:Accordingtothewoman,whywasJimfired?

(17)

A.Hewasalwayslatetowork.

B.Hegotfuriouswithhisbosslastweek.

C.Hemadeaseriousmistakeinafinancialproblem.

D.Hewantedtotakecareofhiswife.

29.

【B11】

30.(45)

31.聽力原文：M:Honey,thebasketballgameisabouttostart.Andcouldyoubringsomechipsandabowoficecream?And...uh..asliceofpizzafromthefridge.

W:Anythingelse?

M:Nope,that'sallfornow.Hey,honey,youknow,they'reorganizingacompanybasketballteam,andI'mthinkingaboutjoining.Whatdoyouthink?

W:Humph.

M:Humph?Whatdoyoumeanby"Humph"?Iwasthestarplayerinhighschool.

W:Yeah,twenty-fiveyearsago.Look.Ijustdon'twantyouhavingaheartattackrunningupandclownthecourt.

M:So,whatareyousuggesting?ShouldIjustabandontheidea?I'mnotthatoutofshape.

W:Well...yououghttoatleasthaveaphysicalbeforeyoubegin.Imean,Itbasbeenatleastfiveyearssinceyouplayedatall.

M:Well,okay,but...

W:Andyouneedtowatchyourdietandcutbackonthefattyfoods,likeicecream.Andyoushouldtryeatingmorefreshfruitsandvegetables.

M:Yeah,you'reprobablyright.

W:Andyoushouldtakeupalittleweighttrainingtostrengthenyourmusclesorperhapstrycyclingtobuildupyourcardiovascularsystem.Oh,andyouneedtogotobedearlyinsteadofwatchingTVhalfthenight.

M:Hey,you'restartingtosoundlikemypersonalfitnessinstructor!

W:No,Ijustloveyou,andIwantyoutobearoundforalong,longtime.

(23)

A.Playbasketballwithfriendsfromwork.

B.Tryoutforthecompanybasketballteam.

C.Getinshapeandcompeteinacyclingrace.

D.Joininhishighschoolbasketballteam.

32.

【B3】

33.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

Jazzbeganintheearly20thcenturyasakindofmusicofblackAmericans.Itwas【B1】______forsinging,fordancing,andforentertainmentandatmosphereatpartiesorsocial【B2】______.

JazzhascontinuedtodevelopandhasproducedsomeoftheUnitedStates'leadingsingers,instrumentalists,and【B3】______.Today,it's【B4】______bymanytobeAmerica'sartmusic.Ithasalso【B5】______almosteveryotherkindofmusicinAmerica,Europe,andeventhe【B6】______.

Jazzrepresentsa【B7】______ofmusicalelementsfromAfricaandfromEurope.JazzusessomeEuropeanideasof【B8】______andmelody,buttherhythmsaremoreAfricaninorigin.AndJazzispolyrhythmic,【B9】______.

ThemostimportantfeatureofJazzisimprovisation.【B10】______.Jazzmusicianshavelearnedtoimprovisesowellthattheycanmakeupexcellentmelodiesastheyplay.AgoodJazzplayerseldomplaysanythingthesamewaytwice.【B11】______.

【B1】

34.聽力原文：M:HowoftencanItakethem?

W:Everyfourhours.Theymaycausesomedrowsiness,sobecarefulnottodrive.

Q:Whatistherelationshipbetweenthemanandthewoman?

(16)

A.Deliveryservicemanageranddriver.

B.Teacherandstudent.

C.Lawyerandclient.

D.Doctorandpatient.

35.(25)

A.Shewouldbuysomesoftware.

B.ShewouldbuyaPorsche.

C.ShewouldbuyaHonda.

D.Shewouldfirethetopprogrammers.

36.聽力原文：W:Haveyousavedenoughtobuythatnewprinterforyourcomputeryet?

M:Youknow,moneyseemstobeburningaholeinmypocketrecently.Let'sjustwaitandsee.Maybenextmonth.

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

(17)

A.He%notsurehowmuchaprintercosts.

B.He'llbuyacomputerlaterthisweek.

C.Helostmoneyhewassaving.

D.Hedoesn'thaveenoughmoneytobuyaprinternow.

37.(30)

A.Iftheydon'tinvolveanyrisks.

B.Iftheyproducepredictablesideeffects.

C.Whentheurgentneedforthemarises.

D.Whentestsshowthattheyarerelativelysafe.

38.聽力原文：M：Doyouthinkit'sabouttorain?Lookattheskyandthecloud.Iguessitwillrain.

W：Rain?It'sabouttopour．AlsoIwishtohaveastorm.Thesedaysit'ssodry.

Q：Whatdoesthewomanmean?

(18)

A.Therewillbealotofrain.

B.Rainisveryunlikely.

C.It'salreadyraining.

D.She'snotsure.

39.【B7】

40.【B11】

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.

【C9】

42.

Torefutetheideathatwearingauniform.canavoidenvy,theauthorarguesthatitwouldhinderpeoplefromworkinghardfor______.

43.

Whatcanbehelpfultoescapenegativethinking?

44.Theinfluenzapandemicof1918to1919______.

A.wastheonlylarge-scaleepidemicinmoderntimes

B.killedaboutonethirdoftheworld'spopulation

C.hadagreatimpactontheworldeconomy

D.killedmorepeoplethanAIDSdid

45.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Thecurseofjetlaghasstruckmostinternationaltravelersatonetimeoranother--andanyoneluckyenoughtohaveavoideditwillsurelyhavesufferedtheequallyunpleasantsleep-deprivationinvolvedinanearly-morningstart.Nor,asshiftworkersknowtoo,isitpossibletoescapebygoingtobedearlierthepreviousevening,andthusputtingsleepinthebank.Sleepinessiscontrolledbythebody'sinternalbiologicalclock,soanearlierbedtimejustmeansseveralwakefulhoursstaringinfrustrationatadarkenedceiling.

Foryears,sometravelersandshiftworkershaveswornbymelatonin(褪黑素).Thisisahormonethatregulatesthebiologicalclock.Itismadeinthebrainbyastructurecalledthepinealgland(松果體),asdarknesssetsinaftersunset.Lightistheonethatkeepsthebiologicalclockinsamepacewithsolartime.Theclockthentellsthebrainwhentogotosleep.Thetheoryofthosewhousemelatoninisthatanexternaldoseofitcanresettheclock,andthuscausethe"gotosleep"signaltobesentatamoreconvenientmoment.Melatonincanalsoincreasesleepinessduringtheday,whenthepinealglandisnotproducingit.

Thishasresultedinagrowing,andoftenunregulated,marketinmelatonin-supplementtablets.Thepharmaceuticalindustry'sresponsetothisseemstobe:"Ifyoucan'tbeatthem,jointhem."Apaperinthisweek'sLancet,byShanthaRajaratnamoftheHarvardMedicalSchoolandhiscolleagues,reportstwotrials,fundedbydrugcompanies,oftasimelteon,asubstancethatbindstothesamereceptorsinthebrainasmelatonindoes,andwhichitisexpectedwillhaveasimilareffect.

Inthecourseofthesetrials,morethan400peoplehadtheirbedtimesbroughtforwardbyfivehoursincontrolledconditions.Halfanhourbeforelightsout,aquarterofthemweregivencommondrug,whiletheremainingthree-quartersweregivenvaryingdosesoftasimelteon.Dr.Rajaratnamandhiscolleaguesreportthatthenewdrugletpeoplefallasleepfasterattheunnaturallyearlytime,andalsoallowedthemtosleeplongerthanthosegiventhecommonone.

Ifaninternationaltravelerescapesfromsufferingjetlag,hewillcertainlyundergo______.

46.

Whenyouarefrustratedwithsomething,theauthoradvisesyouto______.

A.getrelaxedandwait

B.workmuchharder

C.asksomeoneelsetohelpyou

D.giveintheproblem

47.Thefactthatmagicisafrequentsourceofwordsofpraisesuggeststhatpeople______.

A.lacklinguisticoriginality

B.havealwaysbeeninterestedinmagic

C.arebecomingmoresuperstitious

D.areinterestedinmagicwhenyoung

48.WhichofthefollowingistrueabouttheWorldDigitalLibraryaccordingtothepassage?

A.AteamattheLibraryofCongressinWashingtondevelopeditswebsitealone.

B.Librariesandinstitutionsinmostcountrieshavecontributedtothelibrarysofar.

C.Alldocumentsandtheirexplanationsinthelibraryareinsevenofficiallanguages.

D.YoucanlearnfromthelibraryaboutBritishpoliticsandeconomy1000yearsago.

49.

By"soft"knowledgeitismeantthattheargumentforculture'simpactonsocietyis______.

A.soundB.unapproachableC.groundlessD.naive

50.

Whatdocsthelastparagraphsuggest?

A.TherecruitinglettersMackReiterreceivedofferedhimfullscholarships.

B.MackReiterwantedtohelphisfamilygooutofthetrouble.

C.Traditionalscholarshipsareagoodsolutiontothetuitionproblemsinsomefamilies.

D.MackReiterwasveryproudofhisnationalwrestlingchampionship.

51.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Thescientificestablishmentisplayingakeyroleinresearchanddevelopmentofgeneticengineeringbiotechnologyandinactivelydefendingtheindustryunderthebannerof"soundscience"and"scientificprogress".Scientificadvicetothegovernmentisheavilybiasedinfavoroftheindustry.LordSainsbury,currentMinisterforScience,wasformerchairmanoftheSainsburyfamily'ssupermarketchain,closelyinvolvedwiththedevelopmentofGEfoods.Anotherprominentscientist,DerekBurke,advisortotheParliamentaryCommitteeonScienceandTechnologyandformerchairoftheAdvisoryCommitteeonNovelFoodProducts,wasakeyparticipantintheUKGovernment'sTechnologyForesightexercises,andinafollow-upgroupthatdeterminedthepro-biotechfundingpolicyoftheBBSRC.DerekBurkeisanoutspokenandstaunchdefenderoftheindustry.ThepublicarebeinginformeduncriticallybyscientistslikeBurkeandothers,consciouslyorunconsciouslyservingcommercialinterests,andlegitimateconcernsaboutsafetyarecaricaturedasirrationalfeararisingoutofignorance.

Thecredibilityofscienceandscientistshasbeensteadilydiminishingovertheyearsassciencehasbecomemoreandmoreabsorbedintothecommercialsector.Scienceeducationateverylevelisbeingsubvertedtdcorporateaims:itschiefpurposeistoprovideskilledbutuncriticalworkersforindustry.TheUKGovernmenthasevenrun,acompetitionforsciencestudentsonhowtocommerciallyexploitscientificresearch.Therehasbeennomajoropendebateongeneticengineeringwithinacademicinstitutionsthathasbeenorganizedbytheacademicstaff.Withveryfewexceptions,studentsarenotencouragedtoaskquestionsabouttheethicsorthehazardsofgeneticengineeringoneithersideoftheAtlantic.

Scientificevidenceofactualandpotentialhazards,whichhasbeensteadilybuildingupoverthepasttenyears,isbeingignoredanddismissed.Moreseriously,independentscientistsreportingfindingsdamagingtotheindustryaregaggedandvictimized.WithintheUK,Dr.ArpadPusztai,seniorscientistofthepublicly-fundedRowlettInstitute,andhiscollaboratorswereawardeda1.6millionpoundgranttocarryoutsystematicsafetytestingofGEfood.TheyfoundthattheGEpotatolinestestedweretoxictoyoungrats,andPusztaiinformedthepublicinabriefinterviewwhichwaspartofaTVdocumentary.Afewdayslater,hewasremovedfromhisjob,deniedaccesstohisdata,andforbiddentospeakonthesubject.

Thesuppressionofscientificfindingsisnothingnew;ithasbeenhappeningmoreandmorewithinthepastdecade.Sincethe1970s,scientificfraudhasbeenincreasing,ashastheproportionofpeer-reviewedscientificpapersretracted.Wehavemovedfarawayfromthetraditionalidealsofscienceassciencelosesinnocenceandindependence.

Towardstherolethescientificestablishmentisplayingtheauthor'sattitudeisthatof______.A.criticismB.approvalC.toleranceD.apprehension

52.Accordingtothepassage,whetherpurchasingoroperatingaHummer,consumersfoundithardto______.

53.Formostpeople,fatisaburden.Itdoesn'treallymatterwhereitappears,wejustdon'twantit.Butitturnsoutthatourbodiesalsomakeauniqueform.offattissuethatbehavesremarkablyunlikeanyother:ratherthanstoringexcessenergy,thisfatactuallyburnsthroughit.It'scalledbrownfatandhealthexpertsconfirmforthefirsttimethathealthyadultshavestoresofthistissue,whichresearchershopetostudyfurtherasapotentialnewweight-losstreatment.

Humannewbornshavebeenknowntohaveanysignificantdepositsofbrownfat,socalledbecauseofitsabnormallyhighconcentrationofdark---coloredmitochondria(線粒體),theenginesthatsustaincellactivity.Theprimarypurposeofbrownfatistoregulatebodytemperature:themitochondria-packedcellsaredesignedtoburnhighquantitiesofsugar,andreleasethatenergyasheatamechanismthatnewbornsrelyontokeepthemselvestoasty.

Aspeopleage,however,thebodybecomesbetteratregulatingtemperature,sobrown-fatstoresshrinkandwhitefatstartstoemerge.AresearchteaminSwedenhasfoundthathealthyadultsretainasizableamountoffatinthefrontandbackoftheneckexpressingthesameproteinsasbrownfat.

Identifyingthepresenceofbrownfatisonething,butactivatingittoburnmoresugarisanother.Twostudiesconfirmedthatbrown-fatcellsbecomemoreactiveinthecold.ButbeforeweconsiderjoiningthePolarBearClub,canbrownfatactuallycauseweightloss?Brownfatmayindeedallowapersontoburnmorecalories(卡路里)withthesameamountofconsumption.Onthebasisofanimalmodels,researcherscalculatethat50gofbrownfatcouldburnabout20%dailycalorieanaveragepersontakesin.Leanerpeopletendedtohavemorebrown-fatdepositsthanoverweightindividuals.Interestingly,womenwere'twiceaslikelyasmentohaveactivebrownfat.

Still,thefindingsdon'tnecessarilymeanthatactivatingbrownfatleadstoaslimmerwaist.Foronething,thebodyisespeciallygoodatmaintainingbalance,whichiswhyaboostincalorie-burningcanoftenmakeithungersignalandpromptpeopletoeatmoretomakeupfortheloss.Andevenifdrugcompaniescouldfindawaytoactivate(刺激)brownfatsafely,thatexcessactivitycouldthrowoffothermetabolic(新陳代謝的)systemsanddamageyourhealth.

WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtoPara.1?

A.Allthepeopledon'tlikefatatall.

B.Allfatisakindoftissuestoringexcessenergy.

C.Brownfathasauniquefunctionthatanyotherfatissuedoesn'thave.

D.Brownfatcanprovideanewwaytoloseweight.

54.Whyaresomanypeopleunhappyintheirjobs?Therearetwoprimaryreasons.First,somepeopleareconvincedthatearningalivingiswastingtimethattheycouldspendenjoyingthemselvesoruncoveringtheirtruetalents.

Ifthisisthecasewithyou,recallyourlastlongvacation.Wasittwoweeksofcompleteenjoyment?Morelikelyitwasaweekandahalfoffuninthesun,withanotherhalfaweekof"Boy,Ican'twaittogetbacktowork."Ifyoudidn'tfeelsuchvacationblues,thenimaginetakingaleaveofabsence.Youcoulduseittoworkonanovel,enrollinclassesorjustsitaroundwatchingTV.Attheendofthreemonths,inalllikelihood,yourself-esteemwouldbeatanall-timelow.Whileallworkandnoplayisnotgood,allplayandnoworkisdisastrous.Weneedtofeelweareaccomplishingsomething.Wealsoneedsomeform.oforderinourlives.

Thesecondandperhapsmoreprevalentreasonforpeoplenottoliketheirworkisthattheyfeeltrapped.Onceyou'vebeenatacompanyforfiveyearsandhaveaspouse,amortgageandachild,youoftenfeelyouhaveverylittlechoiceaboutjumpingshipifthingsaren'tturningoutasyou'dplanned.Asteadypaycheckcanbethebiggestmanacleofall.Peopleresenthavingtodosomethingbecausetheyhavenootherchoice.

Ifyoufindyourselfresentingyourjobbecauseyoucan'taffordtoquit,itmaybetimetopreparewhatonecareercounselorhumorouslycallsa"cyanidecapsule".Herecallsspymoviesinwhichthesecretagenthassuchacapsulehiddensomewhereonhisbody.Ifhe'scapturedandtorturedunbearably,hehasanoption.Andhavinganoptiongiveshimthestrengthtoholdonalittlelongerinthehopethatthesituationmaychange.

Ratherthancyanide,youroptiontakestheform.ofanup-to-dateresume.Youmightalsotakeaweeklyglancethroughthehelp-wantedsection,andmakesomevisitstoindustryfunctionswherelow-keynetworkingcantakeplace.You'renotgivinguponyourcurrentjob.Rather,youareprovidingyourselfwithanoption.Ifthingsgetunbearableatwork,youcouldjumpship.Beinginthispositioncandowondersforyourattitude.Itallowsyoutoenjoyyourworksince,inreality,youarethereonlybecauseyou