北京航空航天大學(xué)2022年博士研究生入學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)試題-2023修改整理

千里之行，始于足下讓知識(shí)帶有溫度。第2頁(yè)/共2頁(yè)精品文檔推薦北京航空航天大學(xué)2022年博士研究生入學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)試題北京航空航天高校2022年博士討論生入學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)試題PartⅠListeningComprehension(20points)

(略)

PartⅡReadingComprehension(30points)

Directions:Therearefourpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthem,thereare4choicesmarkedA,B,CandD．Readthepassagescarefullyanddecideonthebestchoice.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheANSWERSHEETwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.

Passage1

Somepsychologistsmaintainthatmentalactssuchasthinkingarenotperformedinthebrainalone,butthatone'smusclesalsoparticipate.Itmaybesaidthatwethinkwithourmusclesinsomewhatthesamewaythatwelistentomusicwithourbodies.

Yousurelyarenotsurprisedtobetoldthatyouusuallylistentomusicnotonlywithyourearsbutwithyourwholebody.Fewpeoplecanlistentomusicthatismoreorlessfamiliarwithoutmovingtheirbodyor,morespecifically,somepartoftheirbody.Oftenwhenonelistenstoasymphonicconcertontheradio,heistemptedtodirecttheorchestraeventhoughheknowsthereisacompetentconductoronthejob.

Strangeasthisbehaviormaybe,thereisaverygoodreasonforit.Onecannotderiveallpossibleenjoymentfrommusicunlessheparticipates,sotospeak,initsperformance.Thelistener“feels”himselfintothemusicwithmoreorlesspronouncedmotionsofhisbody.

Themusclesofthebodyactuallyparticipateinthementalprocessofthinkinginthesameway,butthisparticipationislessobviousbecauseitislesspronounced.

21．Somepsychologistsmaintainthatthinkingis______.

A．notamentalprocess

B．moreofaphysicalprocessthanamentalaction

C．a(chǎn)processthatinvolvesyourentirebody

D．a(chǎn)processthatinvolvesthemusclesaswellasthebrain

22．Fewpeopleareabletolistentofamiliarmusicwithout______.

A．movingsomepartoftheirbody

B．stoppingwhattheyaredoingtolisten

C．directingtheorchestraplayingit

D．wishingthattheycouldconductmusicproperly

23．Bodymovementsarenecessaryinorderforthelistenerto______.

A．hearthemusicB．a(chǎn)ppreciatethemusic

C．enjoythemusicfullyD．completelyunderstandthemusic

24．Accordingtotheselection,muscleparticipationintheprocessofthinkingis______.

A．deliberateB．obvious

C．notreadilyapparentD．verypronounced

25．Thebesttitleforthisselectionis______.

A．AnEarforMusic

B．MusicAppreciation

C．HowMusclesParticipateinMentalActs

D．APsychologicalDefinitionoftheThinkingProcess

Passage2

Lazinessisasin—everybodyknowsthat.Wehaveprobablyallhadlecturespointingoutthatlazinessisimmoral,thatitiswasteful,andthatlazypeoplewillneveramounttoanythinginlife.Butlazinesscanbemoreharmfulthanthat,anditisoftencausedbymorecomplexreasonsthansimplewishtoavoidwork.Somepeoplewhoappeartobelazyaresufferingfrommuchmoreseriousproblems.Theymaybesodistrustfuloftheirfellowworkersthattheyareunabletojoininanygrouptaskforfearofridiculeorfearofhavingtheirideasstolen.Thesepeoplewhoseemlazymaybeparalyzedbyafearoffailurethatpreventsfruitfulwork.Orothersortsoffantasiesmaypreventwork;somepeoplearesobusyplanning,sometimesplanninggreatdealsoffantasticachievementsthattheyareunabletodealwithwhatever“l(fā)esser”workonhand.Stillotherpeoplearenotavoidingwork;strictlyspeaking,theyaremerelyprocrastinating-reschedulingtheirday.

Lazinesscanactuallybehelpful.Likeprocrastinators,somepeoplemaylooklazywhentheyarereallythinking,planning,contemplating,researching.Weshouldallrememberthatsomegreatscientificdiscoveriesoccurredbychanceorwhilesomeonewas“goofingoff”.Newtonwasn'tworkingintheorchardwhentheapplehithimandhedevisedthetheoryofgravity.Allofus

wouldliketohavesomeone“l(fā)azy”tobuildtheearorstovewebuy,particularlyifthat“l(fā)aziness”werecausedbytheworker'stakingtimetocheckeachsteporhisworkandtodohisjobfight.Andsometimes,being“l(fā)azy”—thatis,takingtimeoffforarestisgoodfortheoverworkedstudentorexecutive.Takingarestcanbeparticularlyhelpfultotheathletewhoistryingtoohardorthedoctorwho'ssimplyworkinghimselfovertimetoomanyeveningsattheclinic.Sobecarefulwhenyou'retemptedtocallsomeonelazy.Thatpersonmaybethinking,resting,orplanninghisorhernextbook.

26．Themainideaofthispassageisthat______.

A．lazinessisamoralsin

B．thereareadvantagesanddisadvantagesinbeinglazy

C．lazinessisthesignofdeep-seatedemotionalproblems

D．lazypeopledomorecarefulwork

27．Thepassagestatesthat______.

A．lazinessisadisease

B．somepeopleappearlazybecausetheyareinsecure

C．lazinessismorebeneficialthanharmful

D．a(chǎn)gooddefinitionoflazinessisemotionalillness

28．Whichofthefollowingconclusiondoesthepassagesupport?

A．Thewordlazinessissometimesappliedincorrectly.

B．Mostofthetimelazinessisavirtue.

C．Mostassemblylineworkersarelazy.

D．Mostinsecurepeoplearelazy.

29．Thefinalparagraphis______.

A．gloomyB．humorousC．seriousD．ironical

30．“Goofingoff”asusedinParagraph2probablymeans______.

A．wastingtimeB．sleepingC．workingD．chattingwithfriends

Passage3

Theideaofhumanoidrobotsisnotnew.TheyhavebeenpartoftheimaginativelandscapeeversinceKarlCapek,aCzechwriter,firstdreamedthemupforhis1921play“Rossum'sUniversalRobots”.(Theword“robot”comesfromtheCzechwordfordrudgery,robota.)Since

then,Hollywoodhasproducedcountlessvariationsonthetheme,fromthesultryFalseMariainFritzLang'ssilentmasterpiece“Metropolis”tothewitheringC-3POin“StarWars”andtheruthlessassassinof“Terminator”.Humanoidrobotshavewalkedintoourcollectivesubconscious,coloringourviewsofthefuture.

ButnowJapan'sindustrialgiantsarespendingbillionsofyentomakesuchrobotsareality.Theirnewhumanoidsrepresentimpressivefeatsofengineering:whenHondaintroducedAsimo,afour-footrobotthathadbeenindevelopmentforsome15years,itwalkedsofluidlythatitswhite,articulatedexteriorseemedtoconcealahuman.Hondacontinuestomakethemachinefaster,friendlierandmoreagile.LastOctober,whenAsimowasinductedintotheRobotHallofFameinPittsburgh,itwalkedontothestageandaccepteditsownplaque.

Attwoandahalffeettall.Sony'sQRIOissmallerandmoretoy-likethanAsimo.Itwalks,understandsasmallnumberofvoicecommands,andcannavigateonitsown.Ifitfallsover,itgetsupandresumeswhereitleftoff.Itcanevenconnectwirelesslytotheinternetandbroadcastwhatitscameraeyescansee.In2022,SonydemonstratedanupgradedQRIOthatcouldrun.HondarespondedlastDecemberwithaversionofAsimothatrunsattwicethespeed.

In2022,Toyotajoinedthefraywithitsownfamilyofrobots,calledPartner,oneofwhichisafour-foothumanoidthatplaysthetrumpet.Itsfingersworktheinstrument'svalves,andithasmechanicallungsandartificiallips.Toyotahopestoofferacommercialversionoftherobotby2022．Thismonth,50PartnerrobotswillactasguidesatExpo2022inAichi,Japan.

Despitetheirsuddenproliferation,however,humanoidsarestillamechanicalminority.Mostoftheworld'srobotsarefaceless,footlessandmute.Theyareboltedtothefloorsoffactories,stampingoutearpailsorweldingpiecesofmetal,makingmoremachines.AccordingtotheUnitedNations,businessordersforindustrialrobotsjumped18%inthefirsthalfof2022．Theymaysoonbeoutnumberedbydomesticrobots,suchasself-navigatingvacuumcleaners,lawnmowersandwindowwashers,whicharesellingfast.Butneitherindustrialnordomesticrobotsarehumanoid.

31．InParagraph1theauthorintroduceshistopicbyrelating______.

A．theideaofhumanoidrobots

B．KarlCapek'screationofrobots

C．Hollywood'sproductionofrobotfilms

D．theoriginofandpopularmoviesaboutrobots

32．Accordingtotheauthor'sdescription,Asimo______.

A．isafour-leggedrobot

B．seemsmorelikeahumanbeingthanamachineinaction

C．seemsmorelikeamachinethanahumanbeinginaction

D．isinasortofanimalform

33．Sony'sQRIOcouldperformallthefollowingtasksEXCEPT______.

A．walkingeverywherefreely

B．understandingsomewordsutteredbypeople

C．findingitsway

D．continuingwalkingafteritstumbles

34．FromthepassagewemayinferthatToyota'sPartner______.

A．ismuchbetterthananyotherrobotsB．isnomorethanamechanicdevice

C．maybeputintomassproductionD．mayspeaklikeman

35．Judgingfromthecontext,thispassageisprobablywritten______.

A．in2022B．in2022

C．between2022～2022D．between2022～2022

Passage4

Oceanwaterplaysanindispensableroleinsupportinglife.Thegreatoceanbasinsholdabout300millioncubicmilesofwater.Fromthisvastamount,about80,000cubicmilesofwateraresuckingintotheatmosphereeachyearbyevaporationandreturnedbyprecipitationanddrainagetotheocean.Morethan24,000cubicmilesofraindescendannuallyuponthecontinents.Thisvastamountisrequiredtoreplenishthelakesandstreams,springsandwatertablesonwhichallfloraandfaunaaredependent.Thus,thehydrospherepermitsorganicexistence.

Thehydrospherehasstrangecharacteristicsbecausewaterhaspropertiesunlikethoseofanyotherliquid.Oneanomalyisthatwateruponfreezingexpandsbyabout9percent,whereasmostliquidscontractoncooling.Forthisreason,icefloatsonwaterbodiesinsteadofsinkingtothebottom.Iftheicesank,thehydrospherewouldsoonbefrozensolidly,exceptforathinlayerofsurfacemeltwaterduringthesummerseason.Thus,allaquaticlifewouldbedestroyedandtheinterchangeofwarmandcoldcurrents,whichmoderatesclimate,wouldbenotablyabsent.

Anotheroutstandingcharacteristicofwateristhatithasaheatcapacitywhichisthehighestofallliquidsandsolidsexceptammonia.Thischaracteristicenablestheoceanstoabsorbandstorevastquantitiesofheat,therebyoftenpreventingclimaticextremes.Inaddition,waterdissolvesmoresubstancesthananyotherliquid.Itisthischaracteristicwhichhelpsmakeoceansagreatstorehouseformineralswhichhavebeenwasheddownfromthecontinents.Inseveralareasoftheworldthesemineralsarebeingcommerciallyexploited.Solarevaporationofsaltiswidelypracticed,potashisextractedfromtheDeadSea,andMagnesiumisproducedfromseawateralongtheAmericanGulfCoast.

36．AcharacteristicofwaterNOTmentionedinthispassageisthatwater______.

A．expandsonfreezingB．isagreatsolvent

C．islikeammoniaD．hasaveryhighheatcapacity

37．Fromthispassage,wemayconcludethat______.

A．oceanandlandmassesareequal

B．oceanmassesaresmallerthanlandmasses

C．itisdifficulttogetfreshwaterfromtheocean

D．noneoftheaboveiscorrect

38．By“hydrosphere”theauthormeans______.

A．themoistureintheair

B．thepartoftheearthcoveredbywater

C．theMilkyWay

D．thefrozenwatersoftheearth

39．Fishcansurviveintheoceansbecause______.

A．therearecurrentsintheocean

B．icefloats

C．evaporationandcondensationcreateawatercycle

D．waterabsorbsheat

40．“Anomaly”,asusedinthesecondparagraph,means______.

A．stateofbeinganonymousB．a(chǎn)bnormality

C．characteristicD．property

PartⅢVocabulary(10points)

Directions:Inthispart,thereare20sentenceswithfourchoicesbeloweachsentence.Choosethebestonefromthe4choices.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheANSWERSHEETwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.

41．EarlyexponentsofsciencefictionsuchasJulesVerneandH.G.Wellsexploredwithzestthefuturepossibilitiesopeneduptotheoptimisticimaginationbymodemtechnology.

A．inspirationB．enthusiasmC．fantasyD．endeavor

42．Exceptforcoarseearthen-wares,whichcanbemadefromclayasitisfoundintheearth,potteryismadefromspecialclaysplusothermaterialsmixedtoachievethedesiredresults.

A．conventionalB．uniqueC．genuineD．crude

43．Whenthefirebrokeoutinthebuilding,thepeoplelosttheirheadsandranintotheelevator.

A．pouredB．dismayedC．panickedD．trembled

44．TheEnglishlanguagecontainsa(n)______ofwordswhicharecomparativelyseldomusedinordinaryconversation.

A．a(chǎn)ltitudeB．latitudeC．multitudeD．a(chǎn)ttitude

45．Thewealthofacountryshouldbemeasured______thehealthandhappinessofitspeopleaswellasthematerialgoodsitcanproduce.

A．inlinewithB．intermsofC．inregardwithD．bymeansof

46．Radarisusedtoextendthe______ofman'ssensesforobservinghisenvironment,especiallythesenseofvision.

A．validityB．liabilityC．capacityD．intensity

47．Wearewritingtothemanager______therepairsrecentlycarriedoutattheaboveaddress.

A．withtheexceptionofB．withthepurposeof

C．withreferencetoD．withaviewto

48．Theymadedetailedinvestigationsto______themselveswiththeneedsoftheruralmarket.

A．a(chǎn)dhereB．a(chǎn)cknowledgeC．a(chǎn)cquaintD．a(chǎn)ctivate

49．Probablythere'sagoodreasonforherabsence,asshedoesn'tusuallystayawayfromwork.

A．ConspicuouslyB．ProspectivelyC．IncidentallyD．Presumably

50．Iwas______inmyreading,anddidn'tatfirsthearthedoorbellring.

A．immuredB．immersedC．busyD．infatuated

51．Tenminuteslater,thepolicecameand______thecrowd.

A．dismayedB．dispersedC．dismountedD．distressed

52．Thereare______differencesbetweentheoryandpractice.

A．legibleB．ladenC．radicalD．medieval

53．Willyou______myarticletofindoutwhetherI'vemadeanymistakes?

A．lookafterB．lookthroughC．lookupD．lookinto

54．Whenhelivedinthatremoteplace,radiowastheonlymeanshehadtokeep______ofcurrenteventsinthecountry.

A．a(chǎn)ccountB．traceC．recordD．track

55．Theflashingredlightservedasa______ofdangerahead.

A．predictorB．cautionC．precautionD．prevention

56．Accordingtotheweatherforecast,whichisusually______,itwillsnowthisafternoon.

A．a(chǎn)ccurateB．dullC．a(chǎn)wkwardD．tedious

57．Ifhisfathercouldnotkeepupthepaymentsonthemortgage,hisunclemight______itforhim.

A．redeemB．a(chǎn)mendC．resembleD．a(chǎn)ppeal

58．HiswritingdepictsthischangingworldandtheincreasingculturaldiversityoftheUnitedStates.

A．conflictB．refinementC．varietyD．movement

59．Shewasartfulandcouldalwaysgetroundherparentsintheend.

A．playB．deceiveC．confuseD．a(chǎn)nnoy

60．Hebecameawarethathehadlosthisaudiencesincehehadnotbeenabletotalkcoherently.

A．honestlyB．a(chǎn)ppropriatelyC．intelligiblyD．flexibly

PartⅣCloze(10points)

Directions:Decidewhichofthechoicesgivenbelowwouldcorrectlycompletethepassageifinsertedinthecorrespondingblanks.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheANSWER

SHEETwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.

WhowontheWorldCup2022footballgame?

WhathappenedattheUnitedNations?

Howdidthecriticslikethenewplay?

(61)______aneventtakesplace,newspapers61．A．Justwhen

B．While

C．Soonafter

D．Before

areonthestreet(62)______thedetails62．A．togive

B．giving

C．given

D．beinggiven

whereveranythinghappensintheworld,reportersareonthespotto(63)______thenews.63．A．gather

B．spread

C．carry

D．bring

Newspapershaveonebasic(64)______.64．A．reason

B．cause

C．problem

D．purpose

togetthenewsasquicklyaspossiblefromitssource,fromthosewhomakeittothosewhowantto(65)______it.65．A．make

B．publish

C．know

D．write

Radio,television,and(66)______66．A．a(chǎn)nother

B．other

C．oneanother

D．theotherinventionsbroughtcompetitionfornewspapers.So67．A．However

didthedevelopmentofmagazinesandothermeansofcommunication.(67)______,B．AndC．ThereforeD．So

thiscompetitionmerelyspurredthenewspaperson.Theyquicklymadeuseofthenewerandfastermeansofcommunicationtoimprovethe(68)______andthustheefficiency68．A．value

B．ratio

C．rate

D．speed

oftheirownoperations.Todaymorenewspapersare(69)______andreadthanever69．A．spread

B．passed

C．printed

D．completed

before.Competitionalsolednewspaperstobranchoutintomanyotherfields.Besideskeepingreaders(70)______ofthe70．A．inform

B．beinformed

C．tobeinformed

D．informed

latestnews,today'snewspapers(71)______71．A．entertain

B．encourage

C．educate

D．edit

andinfluencereadersaboutpolitiesandotherimportantandseriousmatters.Newspapersinfluencereaders'economicChoices(72)______advertising.72．A．on

B．through

C．with

D．of

Mostnewspapersdependonadvertisingfortheirvery(73)______.73．A．forms

B．existence

C．contents

D．purpose

Newspapersaresoldatapricethat(74)______74．A．triestocover

B．managestocover

C．failstocoverD．succeedsin

evenasmallfractionofthecostofproduction.Themain(75).______75．A．source

B．origin

C．course

D．finance

ofincomeformostnewspapersiscommercialadvertising.The(76)______in76．A．way

B．means

C．chance

D．success

sellingadvertisingdependsonnewspaper'svaluetoadve