初中英語寫作校本課程開發(fā)方案

--#-.你在日記中對自己說了這樣一句話：“、，、.,、,廣注意：校本課程六便條寫作英文書信有正式與非正式之分，英文便條為非正式書信。測試學生在基礎階段用英語書面表達思想的能力。便條如同一面鏡子，能反映出學生英語書面交際的能力。便條是一種簡短信函，多使用非正式語體，它的形式比一般書信簡單。例如，寫便條的人與收便條的人的地址、稱呼中“Dear''一詞、日期中的年份以及結(jié)尾套語，都可以省去；便條正文篇幅可小至一、兩句話。可是，并不完全像以上說的那樣，它有一定的限制。寫便條的要求是便條寫作中常見的問題，以便對癥下藥，充分發(fā)揮自己的英文寫作水平。基本格式具體來說，它應有日期(date)、稱呼(saluwfion)、正文(body)及結(jié)尾(ending)，結(jié)尾包括結(jié)尾套語和簽名。.日期指寫便條的日期。英文便條與漢語便條的日期寫的地方有別，前者的日期一般寫在便條的右上角，偶爾也見寫在便條的左上角，而后者的日期則寫在便條的右下角，即寫在簽名的下面。英文日期與漢語日期的寫法也有不同，漢語一般先寫年，然后再寫月、日，而英文則一般把年份寫在月、日的后面。另外，英文日期的月、日與年之間通常用逗號隔開。例如，2008年4月21日通常寫成April21,2008或April21st,2008；當然，由于是非正式書信，也可以去掉年份，寫成Apl21或April21st(不過，這種寫法，只是最近兩年才被TEM4接受)，或者寫成21/4/2008或4/21/2008。日期能說明便條的有效度，沒有日期，則會使人感到茫然。.稱呼稱呼是指寫便條人對收便條人的稱謂，一般都以Dear開頭，寫在日期下一兩行、留出左頁邊空白，頂格寫。一般對寫便條人與收便條人之間的關系作了提示。提示中的“you”指的是寫便條人，提到的另一方便是收便條人。稱呼時，一般只需在其名字前加Dear即可，如DearSusan,DearTom。若此人有頭銜(socialtitle),稱呼時，便要保留其頭銜，例如Dr.Herce,要稱DearDr.Pierce,不稱DearPierce。如果提示中的另一方是以MrsWang或MrWang出現(xiàn)，稱呼時也只需在其前加Dear便可，即稱DearMrsWang或DearMrWang,若只稱DearWang則視為不妥。當對方為親屬時，在Dear后面加上表示親屬關系大寫的字眼即可，如DearGrandpa，DearAunt。值得一提的是，近年來TEM4也接受不帶Dear的稱呼。稱呼后面可用逗號，也可用冒號。.正文是寫便條人要敘述或談論的事情，是便條的主要組成部分。一般書信是在稱呼下方隔兩行處開始寫正文。但就便條而言，一般在稱呼的下一行開始寫正文便可。正文的首行左邊一般留約5個字母寬的空白，但也可頂格寫。便條的內(nèi)容簡單、字數(shù)少，因此，正文一般只需寫一段或兩段。若有兩段，第二段的首行應與第一段的首行對齊寫。.結(jié)尾如前所述，結(jié)尾包括結(jié)尾套語和簽名?；拘问?.邀請便條：①發(fā)出邀請aApril20,2008DearFiona,Iamgoingtoholdadinnerpartywithseveralotherfriendsofours.ThepartywillbeheldinRoom6ofLijingHotelat5:00p.m.today,Isincerelyhopeyoucanattendandwewillhaveaveryhappytimetogether.Pleaseletmeknowwhetheryoucanmakeit.Yours,Amelia②接受邀請April20,2008DearAmelia,It'ssokindofyoutoinvitemetothedinnerparty,Iwouldliketocome.IwillgototheplacerightafterIfinishmyworkatabout5p.m.this6丫6口也且.如果是辦在家里：IshallbeveryhappytocallatyourhouserightafterIfinishmyworkat6:30thisevening.)ThankyouagainforyourwonderfulhospitalityandIamlookingforwardtoseeingyousoon.Yours,Fiona③拒絕邀請April20,2008DearAmelia,It'ssokindofyoutoinvitemetothedinnerparty,IwouldliketobutIhaveameetingtoattendthisevening,pleasegivemybestregardstothemallandIhopemyabsencewillnotcauseyouanyseriousinconvenience,havefun.Yours,Amelia套句：請求幫助：Wouldyoudomeafavor?Wouldyoubesokindasto…？/CouldItroubleyoutosendthisbookforme?/Iwonderifyouwouldtellme…？/Ifitisnottootroublesome,couldyou...?/Ihopethisrequestwillnottroubleyoutoomuch.請求允許：Pleasegivemeafewmoredays./MayIhavealookatyourdictionary?/WouldyoumindifIopenedthewindow?/IwonderifIcouldopenthedoor./Woulditbepossibletohaveatalkwithyou?請求做事(要求與暗示)：Let,sgotothebookstorethisafternoon./Iwanttohavealookatyourbook./Iwishyoucould.../Iwouldlikeaskyoutocleantheroom./Youaremakingabigmess./Ifeelabithungrynow.Whattimeisitnow?范文：April20,2008DearProfessorHu,Iamveryhappytohavethechancetolistentoyourlectureon“AmericanLiterature”.ButitisapitythatIwaslatethatdayduetoanaccidentonmywaytothelectureandfailedtogetthehandout.YourlectureisreallyinstructiveformyEnglishstudy,soIwonderifyoucouldkindlye-mailthehandouttotheaddress:zhang123@.Heartfeltthanks.Respectfullyyours,Amelia5.道歉便條a道歉的行為與內(nèi)容，b具體理由，c彌補方法，d進一步致歉。套句：道歉行為：I,mwritingtoshowmyapologyfor.../Iwouldliketoexpressmyapologiesfornotbeingableto./I,msorrytosaythatI,venotfinishedreadingitthrough,andhavetokeepituntilnextSunday./Excusemeformydelayinginturninginmyassignment.道歉理由：Ihadaminoraccident./Ihadaminoroperation.彌補糾正及其承諾：IamsureIcanmakeupthelossby…/Ipromiseitwillneverhappenagain./Itwouldbeverykind(considerate)ofyoutogivemeanotherchanceto...（togivemeanothertwodays進一步致歉：Manyapologies./Dopleaseforgiveme.范文：April20,2008DearFiona,IamwritingtoyoutoapologizefortheabruptwayIdepartedjustaftertheexamsfinished.Itwasterriblyrudeofmetohaveleftwithoutsayinggood-byetoyou.ThefactisthatIwassoexcitedwhenIlearnedIhadpassedtheexamswithhighmarksthatIcouldn'twaittogethomeandtellmyparents.Iamsureyouwillunderstandmyfeelings.Pleaseacceptmysincereapology,andwithyouareallyhappyholiday.Yourstruthfully,AmeliaApril20,20086.祝賀a.祝賀內(nèi)容b.表示祝賀c.積極評價d.忠心祝福（再次祝賀+祝福未來）套句：祝賀之事和自己的反應：I'msohappytolearnthatyou,vejustpassedyourthesisdefense./I'msopleasedtohearthatyou'vegottheadmissionbytheCambridgeUniversitytofurtheryourgraduatestudy.祝賀行為：Pleaseacceptmywarmestcongratulations.對成功的評價和對對方的欽佩；Youreallydeserveitbecause…/Thismeantyearsofyourhardwork,andit'sanachievementyoucanwellbeproudof./Ihavebeenappreciatingyourexcellentperformanceinstudyandabilityinyourwork.美好祝愿；Youwillhaveabrilliantfuture./Ibelieveourschoollifewillbemorecolorfulunderyourleadership./Ibelievethattheknowledgeyou'veacquiredwillenableyoutobesuccessfulinwhateveraspectoflife.Congratulationsagainandallgoodwishesforyourfuturestudy.范文：April20,2008DearShirly,Iamsoexcitedtolearnthatyou'vebeenadmittedbyShanghaiInternationalStudiesUniversityasagraduate.Warmcongratulationsontherealizationo