美國文學(xué)欣賞

美國文學(xué)欣賞第1頁/共49頁WashingtonIrving(1783-1859)I.PositioninAmericanliteratureII.Life

III.WorksIV.LiteraryAchievementsV.StyleVI.Contributions第2頁/共49頁I.PositioninAmericanliteratureFatherofAmericanliterature1.thefirstAmerican(true)literarywriter2.thefirstAmericanmanofletters3.America’sfirstgenuineinternationallybest-sellingauthor第3頁/共49頁4.thefirstbelletristinAmericanliterature,writingforpleasureatatimewhenwritingwaspracticalandforusefulpurposes-------------------------------------------------------------------------belletristn.純文學(xué)作者第4頁/共49頁5.thefirstAmericanwritertoearnhislivingsolelybyhispen6.thefirstAmericanliteraryhumorist7.thefirstmodernshortstorywriter8.thefirsttowritehistoryandbiographyasentertainment第5頁/共49頁9.HisuseofthegothiclooksforwardtoPoe.10.themessengersentfromthenewworldtotheoldworld11.“theAmericanGoldsmith”第6頁/共49頁MarkTwainalsoiscalledtheFatherofAmericanLiteraturethetrueFatherofAmericanLiterature第7頁/共49頁II.lifeandliterarycareerBorn:3April1783Birthplace:NewYork,NewYorkDied:28November1859namedforGeorgeWashington;hisparentswereadmirersofGeneralWashington.第8頁/共49頁第9頁/共49頁Irvingwasbornin1783,theyearinwhichBenjaminFranklinsignedatParisthetreatyofpeacewithEnglandaftertheRevolutionaryWar.第10頁/共49頁Irving'smotherwasborninEnglandstudiedlawamusedhimselfbywritingforperiodicalsFrom1804to1806hisolderbrothersfinancedhistourofFranceandItaly.第11頁/共49頁UnderthepseudonymDiedrichKnickerbocker,hepublishedAHistoryofNewYork(1809),asatirethathasbeencalledthefirstgreatbookofcomicliteraturewrittenbyanAmerican.第12頁/共49頁第13頁/共49頁In1820,IrvingpublishedTheSketchBook

underthepseudonymGeoffreyCrayon.ThehitbookmadeIrvingthefirstAmericanauthortogainrealfameinEurope.第14頁/共49頁Thestories(including“RipVanWinkle”and“TheLegendofSleepyHollow”)appearedseriallyin1819–20.第15頁/共49頁TheirenthusiasticreceptionmadeIrvingthebest-knownfigureinAmericanliteraturebothathomeandabroad.第16頁/共49頁Insearchofcolorfulmaterial,hemadeajourneytothefrontierandwroteabouttheAmericanWestinATourofthePrairies

(《大草原游記》,1835).第17頁/共49頁Latelife:acolossal5-volumebiographyofGeorgeWashingtonabiographyofChristopherColumbusisstillconsideredaclassic.第18頁/共49頁Irving’sgrave第19頁/共49頁III.MajorWorks(1809:AHistoryofNewYork《紐約外史》1820:TheSketchBookofGeoffreyCrayon,Gent.《見聞札記》Twofolktales:“RipVanWinkle”and“TheLegendofSleepyHollow”(《睡谷傳奇》)1822:BracebridgeHall《布雷斯勃列奇莊園》1824:TalesofaTraveller《游客談》1835:ATourofthePrairies《大草原游記》第20頁/共49頁Style

graceful,refined,fluentanddignifiedsentimental,romantic第21頁/共49頁IV.Comment

ThefirstAmericanauthortowininternationalrecognitionThefirstprosestylistofAmericanromanticismInhisSketchBookappearedthefirstmodernAmericanshortstories.HisessaysaremodelsofperfectEnglish.Irvingcreatedhumorbythewayhesaidthings:1)Hedelightedinmakingironicremarkswhichsayjusttheoppositeofwhathemeant.2)Heuseddignifiedwordstoproduceahalf-mockingeffect.3)Hewasalsofondofexaggeratingtheseriousnessofsituations.Henotonlyprovidedayoungnationwithhumorous,fictionalaccountsofthecolonialpastbutalsohelpedcreateanAmericanmythologywhichismadeupofstoriesabouttheAmericanpastsowidelyreadastobefamiliartonearlyeveryAmerican.第22頁/共49頁shortstoryaprosenarrativethatisbriefinnaturealsohasmanyofthesamecharacteristicsofanovelincludingcharacters,settingandplot.第23頁/共49頁However,duetolengthconstraints,thesecharacteristicsanddevicesgenerallymaynotbeasfullydevelopedorascomplexasthosedevelopedforafull-lengthnovel.第24頁/共49頁Theshortstoryusuallydealswithasingleepisodeandoftenasinglecharacter.Theshortstoryfrequentlyalsolacksdenouement(n.結(jié)局),endinginsteadatitsclimax.第25頁/共49頁manyauthorswellknownforitincludingEdgarAllanPoe,埃德加·愛倫·坡OHenry,歐·亨利ErnestHemingway,海明威Poefirsttheorizedonthestructureandpurposeoftheshortstory.第26頁/共49頁RipVanWinkle第27頁/共49頁2.

“RipVanWinkle”(1)introduction(2)RipVanWinkle:theprotagonist(3)Theplot第28頁/共49頁(1)introductionsimilartoa3rd-centuryChinesetaleofRankaretoldinLionelGilesinAGalleryofChineseImmortalspartofacollectionentitledTheSketchBookofGeoffreyCrayon第29頁/共49頁ThestoryissetintheyearsbeforeandaftertheAmericanRevolutionaryWar.第30頁/共49頁(2)RipVanWinkle:theprotagonistavillagerofDutchdescentlivesinanicevillageatthefootofNewYork'sCatskillMountainsanamiablemanwhosehomeandfarmsufferfromhislazyneglectheislovedbyallbuthiswife第31頁/共49頁第32頁/共49頁(3)TheplotOneautumndayheescapeshisnaggingwifebywanderingupthemountains.Thereheencountersstrangelydressedmen,rumoredtobetheghostsofHenryHudson'screw,whoareplayingnine-pins.第33頁/共49頁Afterdrinkingsomeoftheirliquor,hesettlesdownunderashadytreeandfallsasleep.Hewakesandreturnstohisvillage,wherehefindstwentyyearshavepassed.Hefindsoutthathiswifehasdiedandthathisclosefriendshavediedinawarorgonesomewhereelse.第34頁/共49頁HeimmediatelygetsintotroublewhenheproclaimshimselfaloyalsubjectofKingGeorgeIII,notknowingthattheAmericanRevolutionhastakenplace.第35頁/共49頁Anoldlocalrecognizeshim,however,andRip'snowgrowndaughtertakeshimin.Ripresumeshishabitualidleness,andhistaleissolemnlybelievedbytheoldDutchsettlers,withcertainhen-peckedhusbandswishingtheysharedRip'sgoodluck.第36頁/共49頁VI.TopicsforDiscussion

1.ComparethedifferentsituationsinthevillageforRipVanWinklebeforeandafterhis20-yearsleep.1)changesinhisfamilyhisdaughtergrewupandmarried;hiswifedied;hisdognolongerrecognizedhim.2)changesinthevillageWhenRipreturned,childrenholleredathimandatfirstnoonerecognizedhim.TheportraitofKingGeorgewasreplacedbythatofWashington;aharangueaboutcitizen’srights3)changeinthelifestyle:peacefulinthepastbutnoisyafterRip’slongsleep第37頁/共49頁2.Whatistheauthor’sopinionofRipVanWinkle?Andwhatisyours?DoyouagreewithRip’sviewastothechangesofstatesandempires?Why?第38頁/共49頁3.ThisselectionisagoodillustrationofthehumorcharacteristicofIrving.AnalyzehowIrvingcreateshumor.第39頁/共49頁4.DoyouthinkRip’swifeisalsoawell-developedfigure?Howdoesthisfigureimpressyou?第40頁/共49頁TheprotagonistRipVanWinkle

good-natured,well-oiled,carefree,happy-go-lucky,showingnointerestinpoliticalaffairsalazyfarmerahen-peckedhusband;anirresponsibleheadofhisfamilyagoodneighbor,readytohelpothers第41頁/共49頁V.StyleConservativee.g.RipfeltintosleepbeforeAmericanIndependenceandwokeafteritloveofoldworld'stradition“anoldgentlemanspeakingEnglishnotAmericanAimofwriting:entertainment,notmoralizing第42頁/共49頁masterofagracefulandunobtrusively(不引人注意的)sophisticatedprosestyleGentle,refined,lucid,beautifulClassicalinformthoughromanticinsubjectsGoodatcreatingatmosphere第43頁/共49頁HumorousFinished(精致完美的)andmusicallanguagevividcharacters第44頁/共49頁VII.ContributionsA.H