2017年閱讀3復(fù)習(xí)資料

2017年閱讀3復(fù)習(xí)資料

考試題型說(shuō)明

單選題，抽選前八篇閱讀中某兩篇，各10個(gè)小題，每小題2分，共計(jì)40分

判斷題，抽選前八篇閱讀中某一篇，10個(gè)小題，每題2分，共計(jì)20分

完形填空題，抽選完型閱讀中一篇，10個(gè)空，每空2分，共計(jì)20分

單選題，抽選補(bǔ)充材料閱讀某兩篇，各5個(gè)小題，每題2分，共計(jì)20分。

答案：店名

一、SearchingforUtopia

1Whilemostoftheworldseemstobemotivatedbymoremoney,bettertelevisions,

morepowerfulcars,thehighest-techcomputers,biggerhouses,therearesome

independentsoulswhoaretiredof“therat-race11thatis,thestressfulpressuresof

workinghardtogetahead.Sincearound1990,therehasbeenaslowbutsteadyrise

in"intentionalcommunities”intheU.S.Anintentionalcommunityisagroupof

peoplewhohavechosentolivetogetherwithacommonpurpose.Althoughquite

diverseinphilosophyandlifestyle,eachofthesegroupsplacesahighpriorityona

senseofcommunity,inotherwords,thefeelingofbelongingandmutualsupport.

Therewere300intentionalcommunitieslistedinthe1990editionoftheIntentional

CommunitiesDirectory;by1995,thishadgrownto600,anditisestimatedthat

therearenowseveralthousand,listedandunlisted,inoperation.Thesecommunities

varyinsize,butinthe600listedcommunitiesin1995,totalpopulation,including

children,wasestimatedat24,000.

2Atfirstglance,theintentionalcommunitymovementappearsquitediverse.Itis

multi-generational,i.e.withagesrangingfromchildrentoseniors.Theymaychoose

tolivetogetheronapieceofruralland,inasuburbancentre,orinanurban

neighborhood.Insomecommunities,individualsowntheirownlandandhouse;in

others,thesethingsareshared.Thereisawidevarietyofchoicesregardingstandard

ofliving-someembracevoluntarysimplicitywhileothershavefullaccesstothe

productsandservicesoftoday'ssociety.Eventhepurposesvarywidely.For

example,communitieshavebeenformedtocreategreatfamilyneighborhoods,to

liveecologicallysustainablelifestyles,orsimplytolivewithotherswhosharetheir

values.Somearesecularwhileothersarecommittedtoacommonreligiousbelief.

3Whatunitestheintentionalcommunitymovementisitsmembers1proudrejectionof

mainstreamconsumervalues.Nearlyallcommunitiesencouragesharingitems

members630don*tneedtoownprivately,forexample,washingmachines,trucks,

swimmingpools.Manycommunitiesserveasmodelenvironmentalorteaching

centersfbrsustainableagriculture.Forexample,"TheFarm",alargecooperative

communityinruralTennesseedoesnotrejectcompetitivebusinesspracticesbut

rather,commitstoavisionofenvironmentallyfriendlybusiness.Membersof"The

Farm"workinseveralsmall-scaleindustriesincludingsolarelectronics,solarcar

research,andapublishingcompanyforalternativebooks.

4Anexampleofanintentionalcommunitycommittedtovoluntarysimplicityis

VashonCo-HousingCommunity.Itsmemberschoosetoliveinsmallunpaintedwood

houses,shingledwithcedar.nUncleMartin"decidedtoleaveNewYorkin1989and

movehisfamilytotheVashonCo-Housing.Heandhisfamilyliveonlittlemoney,

don*townacomputer,andforbidanythingwiththeDisneylabelonit.Ratherthan

playingMystonthecomputer,thefamilyspendstheireveningplayingold-fashioned

cardgames,orreading.Residentsliveinseparatedwellingsbuthomesareconnected

bydirtroads,thereare13acresofcommunalland,allresidentsattendbimonthly

meetings,andeverymonththereisaworkpartyinwhicheverybodypitchesinwith

outdoorchores.

5Thesecommunitiesarethenewestexpressionofthe300-year-oldAmericandesire

tobuildanon-hierarchical,orequal,communitywithvaluesuncorruptedbythe

largersociety.Itwasthisdesiretoformanew,idealcommunitywhichbroughtthe

PilgrimstotheU.S.intheearly17thcentury.300yearslater,itisstillimpossibleto

findacommunitythathasachievedperfection.Theproblemswesee"outthere”in

themainstream-greed,dishonesty,egoism,competition,factionalism—allmanage

tofindtheirwayintoalternativeculturestoo.However,intentionalcommunitieshave

amuchlowercrimeratethantheirmainstreamneighbors,andclaimamorecaring

andsatisfyinglifestyle.Theyarecommittedtoidealsofecology,cooperation,and

family,eventhoughtheymayoftenfailtoreachthoseidealsperfectly.Theirutopian

visionprovidesachallengetothepaceandpurposeofmodernAmericansociety.

Choosethebestchoice

1..by1995,thishadgrownto600,anditisestimatedthattherearenowseveral

thousand...(paragraph1).Whatdoesthismeanhere?

A.population

B.whitecollars

C.intentionalcommunities.

2....inothers,thesethingsareshared,(paragraph2)whatdoesthesethingsmean

here?

A.landandhouse

B.foodandwater

C.agriculturalproducts

3.Itsmemberschoosetolieinsmallunpaintedwoodhouses...(paragraph4).What

doesitsmeanhere?

A.theFarm

B.UncleMartin

C.VashonCo-HousingCommunity*s.

4.Heandhisfamilyliveonlittlemoney,H,(paragraph4)whatdoeshemeanhere?

A.UncleMartin

B.theauthor

C.thefarmer

5.theyarecommittedtoideasofecology,cooperation,andfamily...(paragraph5).

Whatdoestheymeanhere?

A.UncleMartin

B.intentionalcommunities

C.VashonCo-housingCommunity

6.whatisthegeneralideaofthearticle?

A.intentionalcommunitiesarequitdiversewithmoredifferencesthansimilarities.

B.intentionalcommunitiesrejectmaterialgoods.

C.Althoughintentionalcommunitiesarediverse,theyshareacommoncommitment

toecologyandfamily.

7.whochoosetoliveinsmallunpaintedwoodhouses?

A.theFarm

B.VashonCo-housingCommunity

C.UncleMartin

8.whatisthetotalpopulationof600listedcommunitiesin1995intheU.S?

A.24,000

B.20,000

C.4million

9.accordingtothepassage,whatunitestheintentionalcommunitymovementsisits

members9proudrejectionof.

A.visionofgreatfuture

B.sharingvalues

C.mainstreamconsumervalues.

10.whataretheproblemsweseeinthemainstream?

A.greed,dishonesty,egoism,competition,factionalism

B.chores

C.crimerate,egoism,greed

11.sustainablemeans__inChinese.

A.可持續(xù)的

B.牢固的

C.殘酷的

12.around,therehasbeenaslowbutsteadyriseinintentionalcommunitiesin

theU.S.

A.1980

B.1970

C.1990

13.whatdoestherat-racemeaninthefirstparagraph?

A.relaxinglife

B.stressfulpressuresofworkinghardtogetahead

C.raceattendedbyrat

14.whichintentionalcommunityiscommittedtovoluntarysimplicity?__

A.VashonCo-housingCommunity

B.theFarm

C.acommoncommunity

15.whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardintentionalcommunity?_

A.indifferent

B.pessimistic

C.optimistic

16.doallintentionalcommunitysupportvoluntarysimplicityaccordingtothetext?

A.yes

B.no

C.notmentioned

17.whereisthecommunityTheFarm?

A.NewYork

B.WashingtonD.C

C.ruralTennessee

18.whatdoesdiversemean?

A.thesame

B.similar

C.different

19.isintentionalcommunityanewlifestyleintheU.S?

A.no

B.yes

C.notmentioned

20.whendidthePilgrimscometotheU.S?

A.intheearly16由century

B.inthelate16thcentury

C.intheearly17lhcentury

TrueorFalse

ReadthearticleanddecideifthefollowingsentencesaretrueTorfalseF.

1.Sincearound1990,therehasbeenaslowbutsteadydecreaseinintentional

communities.

2.Thetotalpopulationof600listedcommunitiesin1995was24,000.

3.Allintentionalcommunitiesarerural.

4.Allintentionalcommunitiesrejecttheproductsandservicesoftoday'ssociety.

5.TheFarmisanexampleofacommunitythatisbusiness-oriented.

6.ThesecommunitiesareanewideaintheUnitedStates.

7.Theyhavesucceededincreatingutopianlifestyleswithnogreed,dishonestyor

egoism.

8.Allintentionalcommunitiesarecommittedtoacommonreligiousbelief.

9.Theintentionalcommunitiesaredifferentinlifestyles.

10.Intentionalcommunitiesarethenewestexpressionofthe300-hundred-old

Americandesiretobuildanequalcommunity.

11.Someintentionalcommunitiesaresecular.

12.TheFarm,anintentionalcommunity,isasmallsizedindividualowned

community.

13.ResidentsofVashonCo-housingCommunityembraceproductsofmodern

society.

14.Mostintentionalcommunitiesaresuccessfulandhaveachievedperfection.

15.Allsocialproblemsoccurredinmainstreamstillfindtheirwaysinthose

intentionalcommunities.

16.Manycommunitiesserveasmodelenvironmentalorteachingcenters.

17.Someintentionalcommunitieschoosetoliveonapieceofruralland.

18.Mostmembersofintentionalcommunitywelcomevaluesofmainstream.

19.PilgrimsmovedtotheU.Sintheearly17thcentury.

20.Allintentionalcommunitiesdesiretobuildanon-hierarchicalcommunity,but

theystillhaveproblemsexistinginthemainstream.

二、TheMostInnovativeCity

1Continualmigrationandlackofcityplanninghascreatedanunfriendly

environmentfbrmanycitiesintheworldtoday.Problemssuchaspoverty,crime,

publiceducation,andpollutioncontrolplaguethemajorityoftheworld*scities.Each

one,itseems,isstrugglingtoavoidurbandisaster.ButCuritiba,Brazil,acityof1.6

millionpeople,isdealingwiththeseproblems.Thislittle-knowncityinsoutheast

Brazilisbeingrecognizedastheplacethathassolutionstomanyoftheworld's

growingurbanproblems.

2Likemostotherovercrowdedandpoorcitiesintheworld,Curitibahadaserious

garbageproblem,untilitintroduceditsngarbagethatisnotgarbage"program.

Throughthisprogram,morethan70%ofitstrashisrecycled-comparedwiththe25%

inLosAngeles.ChristanoPinheiro,aseven-year-oldboyshowshowit'sdone.Atthe

startoftheschoolyear,Pinheirotraded8poundsofrecyclablegarbagefora632

packetofnewnotebooks.Eachweek,heandhistwoolderbrothersexchangetrash

forfreshfruitor2poundsofprotein-richbeans.Theprogramhelpsthepoor.In1995,

thecityexchangednearly2millionpoundsoffood,348,000Eastereggsand26,000

Christmascakesforrecyclabletrash.Hundredsofquiltsfortheneedywerestuffed

withcrushedStyrofoam.Christianowasoneof25,000poorchildrenwhoreceived

thesesupplies.Curitibaisnowknownastheworld1srecyclingcapital.

3Householdgarbagewasnottheonlyreasontobeginarecycleprogram.Oldworn

outequipmentwasfrequentlybeingreplacedwithnewtechnologyandequipment.

Likeeveryothercity,old,yetusablematerialswerebeingdumpedaroundthecityof

Curitiba.Thisgaveengineersandarchitectsanopportunitytoworktogethertousethe

materialscreatively.Oldwoodentelephonepolesarenowreusedinofficebuildings,

bridgesandpublicsquares.Retiredbuseshavebecomemobileclassroomsforadult

education.^Virtuallyeverythinghasmorethanoneuse,"saidMayorRafaelGreca,

whoseairyofficeoverlookingaparkismadeofoldpolesandglass."Ifsjustamatter

offiguringouthowtoreusethingsandthenteachingpeoplehowtodoit."

4EnvironmentaleffortswereonlyasmallpartoftheplanfbrCuritiba.Thelatest

additionsaretheLighthousesofLearning,basedonthegreatlighthouseandlibraryin

Alexandria.Egypt,oneoftheancientworld'ssevenwonders.Thefirstlighthouse

wasbuiltasanexperimentin1995todetermineexactlywhowoulduseit,andthe

effectitwouldhaveonthesuiToundingneighborhood.Withinsixmonthsofbeing

opened,itwasclearthatitwaspopular.Soonafter,alighthousewasbuiltineachof

thecity*sneighborhoods.

5Thebrightlycolouredlighthouseshave5.OOO-volumelibrariesonthefirstfloor,

readingroomsonthesecondandaguardinalighttowerthattransmitsastrongbeam

toprovidecommunitysecurity."Oneofthelighthousesisthreeblocksfrommy

home,so1useitforallmyschoolprojects,"saidDeucinaCosta,ahighschool

seniorwhostopsineverycoupleofweeks."Sodomy1O-year-oldbrotherand

12-year-oldsister.Momletsthemcomebecauseit'ssafe."Now,thelighthouses

havebecomethefbcalpointofneighborhoodsandhavecutcrimerates.Theyeach

costabout$180,000."It1scheapertobuildlibrariesthanprisonssaidGreca.

6Curitibaisalsotakinggovernmenttothepeople.Unlikeothercitieswhere

governmentbuildingsarelocatedinanoftenisolated,highrentarea,government

officesinCuritibaareaccessibletoeveryoneonwhatisknownasCitizenStreets.

TheseCitizenStreetsarecolorfulcoveredavenuesofgovernmentofficesandshops

whereresidentscanpayutilitybills,getamarriagelicense,haveahaircut,buy

groceriesorfileapolicereport.Andinsteadofzoningthecityintocommercial,

institutionalandleisurefacilitiesasmostcitiesdo,Curitiba*splannershavemerged

themalltogethersothatpeoplecanusetheirtimeeffectivelyataminimumcost.The

CitizenStreetshave600-seatopentheaters,sportsareas,andclassroomsthatoffer

professionaltrainingfor$1acourse.Inonerecentcomputerclass,MartaPenha,a

28-yearoldteacher,saidsheenrolledbecause"thepriceisright.Withmyincome,

thisistheonlyroutetoadvancement."

7In1991,CuritibabuilttheFreeUniversityfortheEnvironment-fromold

telephonepoles.Shortcoursesonhowtomakebetteruseoftheenvironmentare

tailoredforhomemakers,contractorsandmerchants.Taxidrivershavetotakea

coursetogetanoperator1slicense.Bytheendof1993,34environmentallyfriendly

daycarecenterswereupandrunning.Childrengetachancetointeract,andlearn

abouttheirenvironment.Theactivitiesincludemakingmasksofanimalsfacing

extinctionfrommagazinepages.Theyarethensoldinastringofsouvenirshops,

withprofitshelpingtopayforthefacilities.Insmallgardensoutback,thekidsgrow

vegetablesfortheirsnacks.

8nWe*retryingtocreateawholenewsetofattitudesandasenseofinvolvementin

thiscityGrecasaid.uTothepeopleofCuritiba,thiscityisthebesthumaninvention

thereis."

Choosethebestchoice

1.Thisreadingisaboutthe___inCuritiba.

a.Changes,blemsc.buildings

2.ThecityofCuritibasolveditsgarbageproblemby___.

a.Dumpingit.b.recyclingit.c.distributingit

3.Officebuildingsarebuiltusing___.

a.Newequipmentb.oldtechnologyc.oldwood

4.Thelighthouse4soflearningarereally.

a.Prisonsb.librariesc.schools

5.Citizenstreetsare.

a.Carefullyzonedb.highrentareasc.notzoned

6.Shoppingoncitizenstreetis___.

a.Convenientb.expensivec.difficult

7.Thefreeuniversityofferscourseson___

a.Safedrivingb.theenvironmentc.childcare

8.Thechildrenmakepapermaskstopayfor

a.Souvenirshopsb.daycarefacilitiesc.vegetablesnacks

9.Everyfallthereisalarge__ofbirdstowarmerpartoftheworld.

a.Plagueb.migrationc.transmit

10.Sheaskedthatthecoatbe__toherbodysoitwouldfitperfectly.

a.Tailoredb.mergedc.isolated

11.Whichofthefollowingisthegeneralideaofthearticle?

a.Curitibaisfamousbecauseithassomanyproblems

b.ManypoorpeopleliveinCuritiba

c.ThechangesmadetoCuritibahavemadeitagoodplacetolive.

12.Whichcityprovidedsolutionstothegrowingurbanproblems?

a.Curitiba

b.NewYork

c.Tokyo

13.Morethan_ofitstrashisrecycledinCuritiba.

a.25%

b.50%

c.70%

14.Everyfallthereisalargeofbirdstowarmerpartoftheworld.

a.Migration

b.Merging

c.Disaster

15.In1991,CuritibabuiltfortheEnvironment.

a.Lighthouse

b.Neighborhood

c.Freeuniversity

16.Whatisthenameoftheprogramforrecyclinggarbage?

a.Lighthouse

b.Garbagethatisnotgarbage

c.Souvenirshops

17.Curitibaisknownastheworld's.

a.Capital

b.Recyclingcapital

c.Freecapital

18.WhatareusedtobuildtheFreeUniversityfortheEnvironment?

a.Telephonepoles

b.Steel

c.Brick

19.Citizenstreetsarecoveredofgovernmentofficesandshops.

a.Avenues

b.Buildings

c.Blocks

20.Masksofanimalsfacingextinctionaresoldto.

a.Schools

b.Libraries

c.Souvenirshops

TrueorFalse

1.Mostcitiesintheworldhavesuccessfulsolutionstourbanproblemssuchascrime,

poverty..

2.CuritibaislocatedinBritain.

3.MoretrasharerecycledbyCuritibacomparedwithNewYork.

4.Oldwornoutequipmentwasfrequentlyreplacedwithnewtechnologyand

equipment.

5.CitizensinCuritibasupportideaofbuildinglibraries.

6.Citizenstreetsarezonedbydifferentfunctions.

7.Theaterscan'tbefoundinCitizenStreets.

8.MarriagelicensescanbegotinCitizenStreets.

9.Strongbeamfromthelighttowercansecurecommunitysafety.

10.GovernmentbuildingsofmanycitiesarecopyingCuritiba

11.Officebuildingsarebuiltusingoldwood.

12.ShoppingonCitizenStreetisinconvenient.

13.Longcoursesonhowtomakebetteruseoftheenvironmentaredesignedfbr

studentsinFreeuniversity.

14.MayorofCuritibarejectedrecyclingproject.

15.Recyclingprojectgotsupportfromengineersandarchitects.

16.Thefirstlighthousewasbuiltin1995

17.Mostcitiesisolatedgovernmentalbuildingsfromotherbuildings.

18.LighthouseshaveprovedtobeaunsuccessfulprojectinCuritiba.

19.Curitibahasprovedtobesuccessfulwithitsrecyclingproject.

20.ChildreninCuritibahaveaccesstoavarietyoffood.

三、CommunicationandGenderinBusiness

1AccordingtopopularAmericanlinguist,DeborahTannen,communicationhabits

varydependingonindividualpersonality,culture,andamongotherfactors,gender.

Sincemalewaysofcommunicatingarestandardinbusiness,women*swaysof

talkingareoftenignoredormisunderstoodintheworkplace.Tannenemphasizesthat

femaleandmalestylesarebothvalid.HerearesomeofTannen*smainpoints.

2Conversationalstylesinboysandgirlsshowupearly.Even5-year-oldboyscare

abouttheirrankinthegroup,while5-year-oldgirlscaremoreaboutbeinginorout

ofthegroup.Therefore,men*sconversationalstylesoftenusecompetition,while

womentrytokeeptheappearanceofequality.

3Womentendtoapologizemorethanmen,asanattempttorestorethepower

balanceinconversation.Whenmensimplyaccepttheapologyratherthanpartofthe

responsibility,womenfeelunjustlyblamed.

4Westernwomenfavorindirectwaysofspeaking,whichIsinterpretedbyWestern

menasshowinginsecurityandlackofconfidence.However,thisgenderdifferenceis

alsoaculturaldifference:Japanesebusinessculturedemandsindirectness,andthe

directapproachusedbyWesternbusinessmenisoftenseenasrudebytheJapanese.

5Inbusiness,womenareoftenblamedifthey"talkinglikeawoman11(soft,indirect,

cautious),butarealsoblamedifthey"talklikeaman"(bossy,aggressive).

6Wehavestrongnegativeimagesofwomeninauthority:WickedWitchandMother,

80womenbossyarejudgednotasbossesbutaswomen.

7Genderdifferencesshowmoststronglynotinindividualsbutingroupsettings.Ina

groupofmenandwomen,womentendtobecomesilentbystanders,whilemenare

activeparticipants.

8MalesandfemalesinWesternculturespeakdifferentbodylanguages.Menoften

spreadouttheirlimbs,takingupalotofspace,gesturewidely,speakinloudtones,

andengageindirecteyecontact.Thesebehaviorscommunicatepowerandhighstatus.

Womenholdintheirlimbs,takeuplittlespace,makesmallgestures,speakinsoft

voices,andlowertheireyesfrequently.Thesebehaviorsgiveawaypowerand

announcelowstatus.

9Malesinterruptfemalesmuchmorethantheyinterruptothermales,andmoreoften

thanfemalesinterrupteithermatesorfemales.10Researchhasshownthatthereis

nothing"natural"aboutmaleorfemalelanguage,butthatthesegenderhabitssimply

showthestereotypedroleinwhichsocietyputsmenandwomen.

Choosethebestchoice

1.vary(paragraph1)

A.aresimilarb.aredifferentc.areuniversal

2.valid(paragraph1)

A.acceptableb.foolishC.different

3.showup(paragraph2)

A.changeb.arethesameC.appear

4.restore(paragraph3)

A.overpowerb.revengeC.bringbacktotheoriginalposition

5.unjustly(paragraph3)

A.unfairlyb.unknowinglyC.uniquely

6.interpreted(paragraph4)

A.translatedb.understoodC.repeated

7.aggressive(paragraph5)

A.unwillingtoagreewithothersB.easytogetalongwithC.readytoattack

others

8.bystanders(paragraph7)

A.outsidersB.onlookers(旁觀者)C.participants

9.limbs(paragraph8)

A.armsandlegsB.newspapersC.ideas

10.interrupt(paragraph9)

A.pushB.apologizetoC.cutintotheconversation

11.whichofthefollowingisthegeneralideaofthearticle?

A.genderisastrongfactorincommunicationstyle.

B.genderdifferenceincommunicationstylemaylimitwomen'spowerinbusiness.

C.thereisnothingnaturalaboutmaleorfemalelanguage

12.whotendtoapologizemorethanmeninconversation?__

A.women

B.youngsters

C.men

13.inagroupofmenandwomen,whotendtobecomesilentbystanders?

A.men

B.businessmen

C.women

14.whichculturedemandindirectness?

A.westernbusinessculture

B.Japanesebusinessculture

C.Chineseculture

15.accordingtothearticle,whendoesdifferencesinconversationalstylebetween

boysandgirlsshowup?

A.attheageof5

B.aftergraduationfrommiddleschool

C.notmentioned

16.whatdoesrankmeaninparagraph2?

A.status

B.image

C.grade

17.whomightconsiderdirectwayofspeakingasrudeinbusinesssetting?

A.westernculture

B.commonbusinessmen

C.Japanesebusinessmen

18.whatarethenegativeimagesofwomeninauthority?

A.bystanders

B.wickedwitchandmother

C.notmentioned

19.whatdoesbystandermeaninparagraph7?

A.onewhodoesn'tparticipateinconversation

B.onewhostandsbythepublic

C.onewhopassby

20.accordingtothepassage,whatistheimageofpowerfulwomeninbusiness?

A.polite

B.bossy,aggressive

C.nice

TrueorFalse

1.Communicationhabitsvarybasedoncultureandpersonality.

2.Femalestylesarenotacceptableinbusinessconversation.

3.Differencesincommunicationstylesbetweenmenandwomenarenotso

profound.

4.Westerncultureappreciatesdirectwaysofspeakinginbusinesssetting.

5.Comparedwithwesternbusinessculture,Japaneseculturepreferindirectwayof

speaking.

6.Exaggeratedbodylanguageisoftenusedbywesternwomen.

7.Malesinwesternculturepreferdirecteyecontact.

8.AggressiveWomeninauthorityhavepositivecommentsfromothers.

9.Womenwillbeblamediftheytalkedindirectlyinbusiness.

10.Womenoftenmaintaindirecteyecontact.

11.Behaviorslikesoftvoicesandsmallgesturesindicatelowstatus.

12.A5-year-oldboycaresmoreaboutbeinginoroutofthegroup.

13.Mentrytokeeptheappearanceofequality.

14.women'swaysoftalkingareoftenignoredintheworkplace.

15.Men'swayofcommunicationareregardedasstandardinbusiness.

16.Menoftenapologizethanwomenasanattempttorecoverpowerbalancein

conversation.

17.Japanesebusinesscultureprefersindirectness.

18.Womenmaybenotactiveinagroupofmenandwomen.

19.Menaremoreactivethanwomeninagroupofmenandwomen.

20.Menholdintheirlimbsandmakesmallgesturesinconversation.

四、VoicesfromtheClassroom

1WhatnewchallengesdoAmericanteachersofEnglishthinktheywillfaceoverthe

nextfiveyears?ThefollowingisaninterviewwithfourAmericaneducatorsabout

thatquestion.

2Interviewer.We111beginwithMs.Woods,whoisteachingatajunior-highschool

inOhio.Whatdoyouthinkarethebiggestproblemsfortoday*sEnglishteacher?

3Ms.Woods:Languageartsteachersarefacedwithteachingliteracytostudents

fromdiversebackgrounds,studentswhodonotvaluereading,andstudentswho

havediverseneedsinanincreasinglycomplex,technologicalsociety.Weteachersare

caughtbetweendoingourbesttohelpthesediversestudentsandgivethemwhatthey

reallyneed,andatthesametimesatisfyingthestate-mandatedproficiencies.

4Interviewer:Soyouthinkthatsometimesthestatecurriculumdoesnotsuitthereal

needsofthesestudents.

5Mr.Jones:MayIaddsomethinghere?Ihavetoagree.InmyhighschoolinDetroit,

theincreasingnumberofstudentsfromnon-Englishspeakinghomescontinuesto

makelanguageeducationchallenging.Forexample,Shakespeareisonthecurriculum

formy11thgradeclassthisterm,butmanyofthemhaveproblemswithbasic

Englishcommunicationskills.Idon'tmeantothrowoutShakespeare,butsomething

iswronghere一thereisagapbetweenthecurriculumandtherealityofthestudents*

skillsandneeds.Keepingourstudentsconnectedbygivingthembettertoolsof

communicationinacommonlanguageisessential.

6Interviewer:IbetProfessorMahiriwillhavesomethingtosayonthat.

7Dr.Mahiri:Yesindeed.WhatFvecometorealizeinmyeducationalresearchat

UniversityofCaliforniaisthatteachersmustunderstandyouthpopularculture—

whichisstronglyinfluencedbyAfricanAmericanculture?inordertorelate

effectivelytotoday1sstudents.TeachersshoulduseAfricanAmericanandyouth

cultureassourcesfortoday,scurriculum.Theymustmakeahugeefforttoconnect

theclassroomtothestudents*uniquebackgrounds,experiencesandinterests.

8Interviewer:YoumeanbyincludingliteraturewrittenbyAfro-Americanauthors?

9Dr.Mahiri:That*sjustthetipoftheiceberg.Ofcourse,amorediversecurriculum

isnecessary.ButnotthrowingoutShakespeare,asMr.Joneshassaid.Keep

Shakespeare,addnewauthors,includenewspaper,music,comicbooks-andgive

uptheirtraditionalpowerandcontrolovertheclassroomsothatstudentsareteaching

eachotherandthemselves一sothatstudentsareempoweredandcreativethinkers.

10Interviewer:Doyouhaveanythingtoaddtothisdiscussion,Mr.Hunt?

11Mr.Hunt:Well,Ithinkthatfromprimaryschooltouniversitylevel,thebiggest

challengewillbeintroducingtechnologyinlanguageartsinstruction.Computersand

theInternetarerevolutionizinghowstudentslearnandhowteachersteach.Wemust

haveeducatorswhoarecomputerliterateifwearetoexploittheamazingpowerof

technologyintheInformationAge."

Choosethebestchoice