2022.12六級(jí)真題第1套聽(tīng)力原文

[00:00.71]CollegeEnglishTestBand6<ch>大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考試[00:03.66]PartⅡListeningComprehension<ch>第二部分聽(tīng)力理解[00:06.33]SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.<ch>A節(jié)說(shuō)明：在本節(jié)中，你將聽(tīng)到兩篇長(zhǎng)對(duì)話。[00:12.01]Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.<ch>在每一篇對(duì)話的最后，你將會(huì)聽(tīng)到四個(gè)問(wèn)題。[00:15.60]Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.<ch>對(duì)話和問(wèn)題均播放一遍。[00:19.84]Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).<ch>聽(tīng)到問(wèn)題后，你需要從A)、B)、C)和D)四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳答案。[00:27.41]ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.<ch>然后將相應(yīng)的答案涂在答題卡1上。[00:33.00]ConversationOne<ch>對(duì)話一[00:35.65]M:How'syourdissertationgoing?<ch>男：你的論文進(jìn)展如何？[00:37.87]I'mproofreadingmyfirstdraftandwillsubmitittomyprofessortomorrow.<ch>我正在校對(duì)我的初稿，明天會(huì)提交給我的教授。[00:42.93]W:Oh,Ihaven'tevenstartedwritingmineyet,soI'mreallyworriedaboutfinishingbytheendofnextsemester.<ch>女：哦，我甚至還沒(méi)有開(kāi)始寫(xiě)。所以我真的很擔(dān)心下個(gè)學(xué)期末完不成。[00:50.58]M:Youmeanyouhaven'tevenbegunyoursyet?Thefinaldraftisdueinfivemonths.<ch>男：你是說(shuō)你還沒(méi)開(kāi)始?還有五個(gè)月就要交終稿了。[00:56.06]W:OfcourseI'vestartedit,butIcan'tgettothewritingyetasIhaven'tfoundenoughresourcestouse,soI'mstillresearchingthetopic.<ch>女：我當(dāng)然已經(jīng)開(kāi)始了，但我還沒(méi)有開(kāi)始寫(xiě)作，因?yàn)槲疫€沒(méi)有找到足夠的資源來(lái)使用，所以我還在研究這個(gè)話題。[01:05.40]M:Maybetheproblemisthewayyou'redoingyourresearch.<ch>男：也許問(wèn)題出在你做研究的方式上。[01:08.68]Istartedbytalkingtomyprofessoraboutwheretolookforinformation.<ch>我在開(kāi)始前先和我的教授討論了去哪里找信息。[01:13.32]Andbasedonthat,IfoundbooksinthelibraryandalotofreputablejournalarticlesontheInternet.<ch>基于此，我在圖書(shū)館找到了參考書(shū)，并在網(wǎng)上找到了許多知名的期刊文章。[01:20.48]W:I'vetriedallthat,butdon'thaveenoughtowritethedissertationasmydepartment'sminimumlengthis70pages.<ch>女：我已經(jīng)都嘗試過(guò)了，但不夠用來(lái)寫(xiě)論文，因?yàn)槲覀儗W(xué)院要求論文至少要寫(xiě)70頁(yè)。[01:29.26]Ithinktheproblemisthatmytopicisn'tviable.<ch>我認(rèn)為問(wèn)題是我的題目不可行。[01:33.38]Andhonestly,myprofessordidwarnmeatthebeginningthatImightnotbeabletofindenoughmaterial.<ch>老實(shí)說(shuō)，我的教授一開(kāi)始確實(shí)警告過(guò)我，說(shuō)我可能無(wú)法找到足夠的材料。[01:40.22]ButIwassointerestedinthetopicthatIdidn'tlethisadvicetoturnme.<ch>但我對(duì)這個(gè)話題非常感興趣，以至于他的建議并沒(méi)有讓我轉(zhuǎn)變。[01:45.51]M:Well,Isuggestyoufindanewtopic.<ch>男：好吧，我建議你找一個(gè)新話題。[01:48.29]Afterall,ourprofessorsareheretoguideus,soit'sbesttolistentothem.<ch>畢竟，我們的教授在這里指導(dǎo)我們，所以最好聽(tīng)從他們的意見(jiàn)。[01:53.57]W:Inretrospect,IwishIhadlistenedtohim,butIdidn't.<ch>女：回想起來(lái)，我真希望我聽(tīng)了他的話，但我沒(méi)有。[01:58.61]AndnowIdon'twanttogiveupmytopicasI'vealreadyinvestedsomuchtimeandenergy.<ch>現(xiàn)在我不想放棄我的題目，因?yàn)槲乙呀?jīng)投入了大量的時(shí)間和精力。[02:04.53]M:Ifyou'recommittedtoyourcurrenttopic,maybeyoucouldmakesomeadjustmentsratherthanabandonitcompletely.Whatisyourtopic?<ch>男：如果你堅(jiān)持你現(xiàn)在的題目，也許你可以做一些調(diào)整，而不是完全放棄它。你的題目是什么？[02:12.89]W:It's"DepictionsofFemininityandFolklorefromtheSouthoftheCountry".<ch>女：《關(guān)于我國(guó)南方女性的氣質(zhì)和民間傳說(shuō)的描述》。[02:18.04]M:That'sprettynarrow.Youcouldfindmorematerialifyoumadethetopicbroader,maybebyincludingotherkindsofdepictions.<ch>男：那相當(dāng)狹窄了。如果把題目擴(kuò)大，你可以找到更多的材料，也許可以加入其他類(lèi)型的描述。[02:26.40]W:Broadeningthetopicisagreatidea.I'llstartbyincludingfolklorefromotherregionsofthecountry.<ch>女：擴(kuò)大題目是一個(gè)好主意。我可以從將其他地區(qū)的民間傳說(shuō)加進(jìn)來(lái)開(kāi)始。[02:32.72]Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.<ch>請(qǐng)根據(jù)你剛剛聽(tīng)到的對(duì)話回答問(wèn)題1到4。[02:37.84]1.Whatdoesthewomansayaboutherdissertation?<ch>1.關(guān)于自己的論文，女士說(shuō)了什么？[02:55.06]2.Whatdoesthemansayabouthisprofessor?<ch>2.關(guān)于自己的教授，男士說(shuō)了什么？[03:11.68]3.Whatdoesthewomansayaboutherprofessor?<ch>3.關(guān)于自己的教授，女士說(shuō)了什么？[03:29.48]4.Whatdowelearnthewomanwilldotocompleteherdissertation?<ch>4.我們了解到女士為了完成論文會(huì)做什么？[03:47.86]ConversationTwo<ch>對(duì)話二[03:50.56]W:Today,onBookTalk,weareluckyenoughtohostJohnRobbinsanddiscusshisnewbook,WhyAmericansAreFatandHowWeCanLoseWeight.<ch>女：今天，在《書(shū)論》節(jié)目上，我們有幸邀請(qǐng)到約翰·羅賓斯，并討論他的新書(shū)《為什么美國(guó)人很胖以及我們?nèi)绾螠p肥》。[04:01.46]Johnisn'tjustarespectedwriter;he'salsooneoftherarecelebrityauthorswritingaboutsciencetoday.<ch>約翰不僅是一位受人尊敬的作家，他還是當(dāng)今為數(shù)不多的科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的名人作家之一。[04:10.05]M:Thanksforhavingme,Rebecca,butI'mhardlyacelebrity.<ch>男：謝謝你邀請(qǐng)我，麗貝卡，但我算不上名人。[04:14.14]W:That'sverymodestofyoutosay,consideringthatyourfourbookshavesoldatotalofsevenmillioncopiesworldwide,andthey'vebeentranslatedinto12differentlanguages.<ch>女：就你的四部著作在全球總共售出了700萬(wàn)冊(cè)，并被翻譯成12種不同的語(yǔ)言而言，你這么說(shuō)太謙虛了。[04:25.65]Whatmakespeoplesofascinatedwithyourwork?<ch>是什么讓人們對(duì)你的作品如此著迷？[04:29.18]M:Well,peoplereadmybooksbecausemorethan60%ofAmericansareoverweightorobese.<ch>男：嗯，人們讀我的書(shū)是因?yàn)槌^(guò)60%的美國(guó)人超重或肥胖。[04:36.60]Andothercountriesarefacingsimilarproblems.<ch>其他國(guó)家也面臨類(lèi)似的問(wèn)題。[04:39.48]Basically,weallwanttoknowhowtofixthings.<ch>總的來(lái)說(shuō)，我們都想知道如何解決問(wèn)題。[04:43.23]W:Wecertainlydo.<ch>女：我們的確想知道如何解決。[04:44.97]I'vereadyournewbookandit'sfabulous,especiallywhenitcomestothewayyoumakedifficultscienceeasyforlaymentounderstand.<ch>我讀了你的新書(shū)，它很棒，尤其是你的方式讓外行人理解晦澀的科學(xué)時(shí)更容易。[04:53.40]That'snosmallachievement.<ch>這是一個(gè)不小的成就。[04:55.78]M:I'mgladtohearyoufindmyworkaccessible,becauseIwasworriedwhenIwroteitthatdiscussingthesciencemightmakethebookmoresuitedforaspecialistaudience.<ch>男：我很高興聽(tīng)到你說(shuō)發(fā)現(xiàn)我的作品很容易理解，因?yàn)槲以趯?xiě)作時(shí)很擔(dān)心討論科學(xué)可能會(huì)讓這本書(shū)更適合專(zhuān)業(yè)讀者。[05:06.22]Mylastbookwaswrittenprimarilyforthemedicalcommunity.<ch>我的上一本書(shū)主要是為醫(yī)學(xué)界寫(xiě)的。[05:10.34]Butthistime,Iwanttohelpordinarypeopletakecontroloftheirweight.<ch>但這一次，我想幫助普通人控制自己的體重。[05:15.69]W:Andhowdoyousuggesttheydothat?<ch>女：那你建議他們?nèi)绾巫龅竭@一點(diǎn)？[05:18.37]Canyougiveusthebasicsofyouradviceforpeoplewhowanttoloseweight?<ch>你能給我們一些你對(duì)想要減肥的人的一些基本建議嗎？[05:22.90]M:Briefly,Iarguethateverypersonneedstoconsidertheirmetabolismandeatwhatsuitstheirbody'sneeds.<ch>男：簡(jiǎn)單說(shuō)，我認(rèn)為每個(gè)人都需要考慮自己的新陳代謝，吃適合自己身體需求的東西。[05:30.86]Idon'tadvocateonesinglediet.<ch>我不提倡單一飲食。[05:33.85]Somepeopleshouldeatmorecarbohydratesthanothers.<ch>有些人應(yīng)該比其他人攝入更多的碳水化合物。[05:37.37]Anddifferentpeopleneeddifferentamountsofproteinandfat.<ch>不同的人對(duì)蛋白質(zhì)和脂肪的需要量不同。[05:40.77]W:Butyoudohavesomerecommendationsforeveryone,includingeatingtenservingsofvegetablesandthreeoffruitaday.<ch>女：但你確實(shí)有一些適合每個(gè)人的建議，包括每天吃10份蔬菜和3份水果。[05:49.48]We'lltalkaboutthoserecommendationsnext,butnowweneedtotakeashortbreakforamessagefromoursponsor.<ch>接下來(lái)我們會(huì)討論這些建議，但是現(xiàn)在我們需要休息一下，聽(tīng)聽(tīng)贊助商的留言。[05:57.13]Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.<ch>請(qǐng)根據(jù)你剛剛聽(tīng)到的對(duì)話回答問(wèn)題5到8。[06:01.74]5.Whatdoesthewomansayaboutthemaninherintroduction?<ch>5.關(guān)于男士，女士在其介紹中說(shuō)了什么？[06:19.14]6.Whathasmotivatedthemantowritehisbooks?<ch>6.是什么促使男士去寫(xiě)書(shū)？[06:37.61]7.Whodoesthemansayhislastbookwasmainlywrittenfor?<ch>7.男士說(shuō)他的上一部書(shū)主要是為誰(shuí)寫(xiě)的？[06:55.45]8.Whatdoesthemanrecommendpeopledo?<ch>8.男士建議人們做什么？[07:13.39]SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwopassages.<ch>B節(jié)說(shuō)明：在本節(jié)中，你將會(huì)聽(tīng)到兩篇短文。[07:19.06]Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.<ch>在每一篇短文的后面，你會(huì)聽(tīng)到三個(gè)或四個(gè)問(wèn)題。[07:23.08]Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.<ch>短文和問(wèn)題均播放一遍。[07:27.17]Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).<ch>聽(tīng)到問(wèn)題后，你需要從A)、B)、C)和D)四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳答案。[07:34.72]ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.<ch>然后將相應(yīng)的答案涂在答題卡1上。[07:40.74]PassageOne<ch>短文一[07:42.82]Stressisoftendepictedasnegative,butresearchshowsthatmoderateamountsofitcanbebeneficialforyourbrainandyourbody.<ch>壓力通常被描述為負(fù)面的東西，但研究表明，適量的壓力對(duì)你的大腦和身體有益。[07:52.48]First,thebenefitsforthebrain.<ch>首先是對(duì)大腦的好處。[07:55.80]Studieshaveshownthatshortperiodsofstresscanactuallybolstercognitivefunctioning.<ch>研究表明，短時(shí)間的壓力實(shí)際上可以增強(qiáng)認(rèn)知功能。[08:02.02]Researchersdiscoveredthatplacingratsinastressfulsituationforjustafewhoursdoubledthegrowthofnewbraincells.<ch>研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，將老鼠置于壓力狀態(tài)幾個(gè)小時(shí)就會(huì)使新的腦細(xì)胞的生長(zhǎng)翻倍。[08:11.30]Theratsalsodidbetteronamemorytestlateron.<ch>這些老鼠在后來(lái)的記憶測(cè)試中也表現(xiàn)得更好。[08:15.97]Scientiststhinkthesamethinghappensinhumans.<ch>科學(xué)家認(rèn)為人類(lèi)也會(huì)如此。[08:20.01]Buthowdoesstressimprovememory?<ch>但是壓力如何提高記憶力呢？[08:24.54]It'ssimple.Whenyourbraincellsmultiply,yourmemorycanimprove.<ch>很簡(jiǎn)單。當(dāng)你的腦細(xì)胞增加時(shí)，你的記憶力就可以提高。[08:30.30]Viewedfromabiologicalperspective,thismakessense,becauseanimalsthatarebetteratrememberingdangeroussituationscanavoidtheminthefuture.<ch>從生物學(xué)的角度來(lái)看，這是有道理的，因?yàn)楦朴谟涀∥ｋU(xiǎn)情況的動(dòng)物將來(lái)可以避開(kāi)這些危險(xiǎn)。[08:40.39]Ifananimalencountersapredatorandescapes,forexample,it'simportanttorememberwhereandwhenthatencounterhappened.<ch>例如，如果動(dòng)物遇到捕食者并逃脫，記住這種遭遇發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)和時(shí)間是很重要的。[08:49.72]Expertsassertthatthesameprincipleappliestohumans.<ch>專(zhuān)家斷言，同樣的原理也適用于人類(lèi)。[08:54.35]Now,let'sturntohowstressbenefitsthebody.<ch>現(xiàn)在，我們轉(zhuǎn)向壓力如何有益于身體。[08:58.97]Thismaycomeasasurprisetolaymen.<ch>這對(duì)外行來(lái)說(shuō)可能是一個(gè)驚喜。[09:02.05]Butexpertssaythatstresscankeepyoufromgettingsick.<ch>但專(zhuān)家說(shuō)，壓力可以防止你生病。[09:06.67]Scientistsconcedethatchronicstresscanmakeyoumorepronetoillness.<ch>科學(xué)家承認(rèn)，長(zhǎng)期的壓力會(huì)使你更容易生病。[09:11.72]Butresearchshowsthatshortperiodsofstresscanactuallyprovidesomeprotectionagainstgettingsick,becauseitincreasesyourimmunefunctioning.<ch>但研究表明，短時(shí)間的壓力實(shí)際上可以提供一些防止生病的保護(hù)，因?yàn)樗鼤?huì)增強(qiáng)你的免疫功能。[09:22.50]Onestudyshowsthatratsthatexperiencedbriefstresshadasurgeofimmunecellresponse,whichmakestheimmunesystembetterpreparedtofightillness.<ch>一項(xiàng)研究表明，經(jīng)歷短暫壓力的老鼠免疫細(xì)胞反應(yīng)激增，這使得免疫系統(tǒng)能更好地對(duì)抗疾病。[09:34.03]Forhumans,there'sevenevidencethatexperiencingstressbeforegettingvaccinatedcouldhelpmakevaccinesmoreeffective.<ch>對(duì)于人類(lèi)來(lái)說(shuō)，甚至有證據(jù)表明，在接種疫苗之前經(jīng)歷壓力可有助于疫苗更有效。[09:43.63]Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.<ch>請(qǐng)根據(jù)你剛剛聽(tīng)到的短文回答問(wèn)題9到11。[09:48.77]9.Whatdidresearchersdiscoveraboutratsplacedbrieflyinastressfulsituation?<ch>9.關(guān)于短時(shí)間內(nèi)處于壓力狀態(tài)的老鼠，研究人員有何發(fā)現(xiàn)？[10:08.83]10.Whydopeopletendtohaveclearmemoriesofdangeroussituationstheyhaveencountered?<ch>10.為什么人們往往對(duì)他們?cè)龅竭^(guò)的危險(xiǎn)情況有清晰的記憶？[10:29.14]11.Whatdoscientistsbelievechronicstresscando?<ch>11.科學(xué)家相信長(zhǎng)期的壓力會(huì)造成什么？[10:47.07]PassageTwo<ch>短文二[10:49.73]Formanymanagersandpeoplewhoworkinleadershippositions,dealingwithemailsisadilemma.<ch>對(duì)于許多管理者和擔(dān)任領(lǐng)導(dǎo)職務(wù)的人來(lái)說(shuō)，處理電子郵件讓人左右為難。[10:56.76]It'slikelytheunpredictable,uncontrollableandongoingnatureofday-to-dayemailintermsofvolume,importanceandurgencycontributestotheirlevelsofanxietyandtodiminishedleadershipskills.<ch>就數(shù)量、重要性和緊迫性而言，日常電子郵件的不可預(yù)測(cè)性、不可控制性和持續(xù)性可能導(dǎo)致他們的焦慮程度上升以及領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力下降。[11:12.92]That'sbecauseit'snotunusualformanyleaderstoprioritizeemailmanagementoverpeoplemanagement.<ch>那是因?yàn)閷?duì)于許多領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者來(lái)說(shuō)，將電子郵件的管理置于人員管理之上并不罕見(jiàn)。[11:20.63]Anobsessionwithmanagingtheirinboxpreventsthemfromdealingwiththeiremployees.<ch>對(duì)管理收件箱的癡迷使他們不去與員工打交道。[11:26.35]Asaresult,theyignoretheissuesthatmightonlybemildproblemsatfirst,untilunfortunately,theyinevitablytransformintoamajorproblemorcrisisbyvirtueofneglect.<ch>結(jié)果，他們忽略了起初可能只是小問(wèn)題的事情，直到這些事情不幸由于疏忽而不可避免地變成了重大問(wèn)題或危機(jī)。[11:40.44]Asleaders,theyareexpectedtomotivateandinspiretheirteaminpursuitoflongertermstrategicgoalsandalso,lessambitiouslybutmorepractically,tomonitortheirdailyoutput,tosetclearexpectations,andtogiveregularfeedback.<ch>作為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，他們應(yīng)該激勵(lì)自己的團(tuán)隊(duì)去追求長(zhǎng)期戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)，應(yīng)該少些雄心而更實(shí)際地監(jiān)控團(tuán)隊(duì)的日常產(chǎn)出、設(shè)定明確的預(yù)期并定期提供反饋。[12:00.86]Whenpresentedwithachoicebetweentheappealoftheirinboxandothermoreimportantactivities,manysacrificethelatter.<ch>當(dāng)在收件箱的吸引力和其他更重要的活動(dòng)之間做出選擇時(shí)，許多人犧牲了后者。[12:09.52]Dailyemaildemandshaveanegativeimpactontheirgoalprogress.<ch>每日電子郵件的需求對(duì)他們的目標(biāo)進(jìn)度有負(fù)面影響。[12:14.79]Thisisbecauseleadersmustdivertresourcesfromothertaskstocheck,filterandrespondtoemails.<ch>這是因?yàn)轭I(lǐng)導(dǎo)者必須從其他任務(wù)中轉(zhuǎn)移資源來(lái)查看、過(guò)濾和回復(fù)電子郵件。[12:23.19]Thesolutioniscultivatingself-controlwhichislikeamuscle—itcanbestrengthenedorimprovedovertimethroughexercise.<ch>解決方案是培養(yǎng)自制力，就像肌肉一樣--隨著時(shí)間的推移，肌肉可以通過(guò)鍛煉得到加強(qiáng)或改善。[12:33.21]Somesuggestionsincludemakingspaceinyourdiaryfortheonlyperiodsduringwhichyou'llbecheckingemails,settingatimerforyourselfsoyoudon'tbecomedistractedbyyourinboxfortoolong,turningoffemailalertssoyou'renotinterruptedbythem.<ch>有一些建議包括在工作日記中騰出一段時(shí)間專(zhuān)門(mén)用來(lái)查看電子郵件；為自己設(shè)置一個(gè)計(jì)時(shí)器，這樣就不會(huì)被收件箱分心太久；關(guān)閉電子郵件提醒，這樣就不會(huì)被它們打斷。[12:53.84]Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.<ch>請(qǐng)根據(jù)你剛剛聽(tīng)到的短文回答問(wèn)題12到15。[12:58.75]12.Whatdoesthespeakersayisacommonproblemwithmanagers?<ch>12.講話者說(shuō)，管理者們的一個(gè)常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題是什么？[13:16.57]13.Whatmayhappenwhenmanagersignoreminorproblems?<ch>13.當(dāng)管理者們忽視小問(wèn)題時(shí)可能會(huì)發(fā)生什么？[13:34.94]14.Whatareleadersexpectedtodoinpursuingtheirstrategicgoals?<ch>14.領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者們?cè)谧非髴?zhàn)略目標(biāo)時(shí)應(yīng)該做什么？[13:54.22]15.Howcanamanagerbestavoidbeingdistractedbyemail?<ch>15.一位管理者如何能最好地避免被電子郵件分心？[14:13.64]SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowedbythreeorfourquestions.<ch>C節(jié)說(shuō)明：在本節(jié)中，你將會(huì)聽(tīng)到三篇講座或講話，每篇講座或講話后面都有三個(gè)或四個(gè)問(wèn)題。[14:22.84]Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.<ch>錄音只播放一遍。[14:25.36]Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).<ch>聽(tīng)到問(wèn)題后，你需要從A)、B)、C)和D)四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳答案。[14:32.86]ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.<ch>然后將相應(yīng)的答案涂在答題卡1上。[14:38.89]RecordingOne<ch>錄音一[14:41.00]Inlastweek'slecture,wetalkedabouttheproblemscausedbypooreatinghabits,focusingonhowmedicalprofessionalsaretryingtosolvetheseproblems.<ch>在上周的講座中，我們談到了不良飲食習(xí)慣引起的問(wèn)題，重點(diǎn)關(guān)注醫(yī)療專(zhuān)業(yè)人員如何解決這些問(wèn)題。[14:51.65]Today,we'llcontinuewiththetopic,butfocusonresearchfromadifferentfield—marketing.<ch>今天，我們將繼續(xù)討論這個(gè)話題，但重點(diǎn)是來(lái)自不同領(lǐng)域的研究--營(yíng)銷(xiāo)。[14:59.79]Now,whatcanmarketingtellusaboutimprovingnutrition?<ch>好了，關(guān)于加強(qiáng)營(yíng)養(yǎng)，營(yíng)銷(xiāo)可以告訴我們什么呢？[15:03.99]Well,ateamofmarketingprofessorshasstudiedtheimportanceofthevisualaspectoffoodandhowthatinfluencesfoodchoices.<ch>嗯，一個(gè)營(yíng)銷(xiāo)教授團(tuán)隊(duì)研究了食物視覺(jué)方面的重要性以及它如何影響食物選擇。[15:13.47]Thosemarketingexpertsassertthattheimpactoftheappearanceoffoodisgreaterthanwemightpresume,andmightholdthekeytoencouragingbettereating.<ch>那些營(yíng)銷(xiāo)專(zhuān)家斷言，食物外觀的影響比我們想象的要大，并且可能是鼓勵(lì)更好飲食的關(guān)鍵。[15:24.43]Sohowimportantistheappearanceoffood?<ch>那么食物的外觀有多重要呢？[15:28.84]Researchshowsthatjustseeinganappealingphotographofahamburgerinanadvertisement,forexample,cancauseindividualstoimaginethetasteorsmellofthathamburger.<ch>例如，研究表明，僅僅是看到廣告中誘人的漢堡包照片，就會(huì)讓人想象那個(gè)漢堡包的味道或氣味。[15:41.72]Thiscanmakethemmorelikelytopurchaseandconsumeit.<ch>這可以使人更有可能去買(mǎi)來(lái)吃。[15:45.83]Ofcourse,that'sthepointofadvertisements.<ch>當(dāng)然，這就是廣告的意義。[15:49.71]Soisn'tthatagoodthing?<ch>那這不是一件好事嗎？[15:51.85]Well,themarketingprofessorsarguethatthisisactuallyaproblem,becausethecombinationofpleasingaestheticsofandeasyaccesstounhealthyfoods,suchashamburgersandpizza,maybecontributingtoaworldwidehealthcrisis.<ch>好吧，營(yíng)銷(xiāo)教授認(rèn)為這實(shí)際上是一個(gè)問(wèn)題，因?yàn)榱钊擞鋹偟拿缹W(xué)和不健康食品（如漢堡包和比薩餅）的容易獲得之間的結(jié)合可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致全球健康危機(jī)。[16:08.89]Infact,statisticsshowthat39%ofalladultsintheworldweightoomuchandanother13%areobese.<ch>事實(shí)上，統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)顯示，世界上39%的成年人體重過(guò)高，另有13%的人肥胖。[16:19.14]Now,aswediscussedlasttime,medicalprofessionalshavetriedtofighttheobesityepidemicbyfocusingonthenutrientsfoundindifferentfoods,emphasizingthingslikecarbohydrate,fat,sugarandcaloriecontent.<ch>現(xiàn)在，正如我們上次討論的那樣，醫(yī)療專(zhuān)業(yè)人員試圖通過(guò)關(guān)注不同食物中的營(yíng)養(yǎng)素和強(qiáng)調(diào)碳水化合物、脂肪、糖和卡路里等的含量來(lái)對(duì)抗肥胖流行病。[16:36.43]Butthey'vehadlimitedsuccess.<ch>但成效有限。[16:38.97]Themarketingprofessorsbelievethattherealsolutiontoobesityismakingfoodlookappealingandfocusingonthepleasureofbothlookingatandeatingthatfood.<ch>營(yíng)銷(xiāo)教授認(rèn)為，肥胖的真正解決方案是讓食物看起來(lái)誘人，并專(zhuān)注于看和吃這兩種樂(lè)趣。[16:51.40]Thatpleasurecanbeusedasatooltopromotehealthyfoodchoices.<ch>這種快樂(lè)可以用作促進(jìn)健康食品選擇的工具。[16:56.67]Infact,theresearchdonebytheteamshowedthatassociatinghealthyfoodwithpleasantimages,experiencesandemotionsledtogreaterinterestinpurchasingoreatingit.<ch>事實(shí)上，該團(tuán)隊(duì)所做的研究表明，將健康食品與令人愉快的圖像、經(jīng)歷和情感聯(lián)系起來(lái)會(huì)導(dǎo)致人們購(gòu)買(mǎi)或食用它的興趣更大。[17:10.55]"Thisisabetterstrategy,"theyclaim,thenremindingconsumersthatacertainfoodisgoodforthem.<ch>他們聲稱(chēng)"這是一個(gè)更好的策略"，然后提醒消費(fèi)者某種食物對(duì)他們有益。[17:17.68]Butaretheyright?<ch>但他們是對(duì)的嗎？[17:20.43]Well,theresearcherscitedamarketingcampaigndesignedtoreversethesalesdeclineofcarrots.<ch>好吧，研究人員引用了一項(xiàng)旨在扭轉(zhuǎn)胡蘿卜銷(xiāo)售下滑的營(yíng)銷(xiāo)活動(dòng)。[17:26.83]Thecampaigndidn'temphasizethecarrots'healthyqualities,butembracetheirbeautyandthepleasurederivedfromeatingthem.<ch>該活動(dòng)沒(méi)有強(qiáng)調(diào)胡蘿卜的健康品質(zhì)，而是強(qiáng)調(diào)它們的美麗和食用它們所帶來(lái)的樂(lè)趣。[17:36.42]Forexample,theadsfocusedonthebright,beautifulorangecolorandcrisptextureofthecarrots.<ch>例如，廣告專(zhuān)注于胡蘿卜明亮、美麗的橙色和清脆的口感。[17:43.95]Thecampaignledtoanimpressiveincreaseinproductsalesofmorethan10%.<ch>該活動(dòng)使產(chǎn)品銷(xiāo)售額增長(zhǎng)了10%以上，令人印象深刻。[17:49.81]Theresearchersbelievethatothercompaniescouldbolstersalesofhealthyfoodswithsimilarads,depictingtheirproductsasattractiveandasourceofpleasure.<ch>研究人員認(rèn)為，其他公司可以通過(guò)類(lèi)似的廣告來(lái)促進(jìn)健康食品的銷(xiāo)售，將他們的產(chǎn)品描述為有吸引力和快樂(lè)的源泉。[18:02.10]Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.<ch>請(qǐng)根據(jù)你剛剛聽(tīng)到的錄音回答問(wèn)題16到18。[18:07.14]16.Whatdoesthespeakersayateamofmarketingprofessorshasstudied?<ch>16.講話者說(shuō)，一個(gè)營(yíng)銷(xiāo)教授團(tuán)隊(duì)做了什么研究？[18:26.07]17.Howhavemedicalprofessionalstriedtofightobesity?<ch>17.醫(yī)療專(zhuān)業(yè)人員試圖如何對(duì)抗肥胖？[18:44.78]18.Whatcanothercompanieslearnfromtheexampleofthecarrotpromotioncampaign?<ch>18.其他公司可以從胡蘿卜營(yíng)銷(xiāo)活動(dòng)的例子中學(xué)到什么？[19:04.85]RecordingTwo<ch>錄音二[19:07.35]Thehouseholdcleaningproductsindustryreallybegantotakeoffinthe1950s.<ch>家用清潔產(chǎn)品行業(yè)真正開(kāi)始起飛是在20世紀(jì)50年代。[19:14.12]Priortothatresourcefulhousewives,whohadgrownupinalessprosperousera,reliedonsubstancesthattheyusedintheirkitchenssuchasvinegarusedtocleanwindows.<ch>在此之前，在一個(gè)不太富裕的時(shí)代長(zhǎng)大的機(jī)智的家庭主婦依賴(lài)廚房中使用的東西，如用于清潔窗戶的醋。[19:26.40]Today,thehouseholdcleaningproductsindustryisworthbillionsofdollarsayearandisdominatedbylargeglobalcompanies.<ch>如今，家用清潔產(chǎn)品行業(yè)每年價(jià)值數(shù)十億美元，由大型跨國(guó)公司主導(dǎo)。[19:35.62]Inrecentyears,however,manycountrieshavewitnessedasurgeinthenumberofsmallbusinessesandcompaniesofferingmoreenvironment-friendlycleaningproducts,andthey'redoinggoodbusiness,too.<ch>然而，近年來(lái)，許多國(guó)家提供更多環(huán)保清潔產(chǎn)品的小公司的數(shù)量激增，而且他們的生意也做得很好。[19:49.67]Onereasonforthisisthatconsumersarebecomingmoreawareofenvironmentandsustainabilityissues.<ch>其中一個(gè)原因是消費(fèi)者的環(huán)境和可持續(xù)性問(wèn)題的意識(shí)越來(lái)越強(qiáng)。[19:57.29]Theyalsowanttomaketheirhomeasafeplace,freefromtoxicchemicals.<ch>他們還想讓自己的家成為一個(gè)安全的地方，沒(méi)有有毒化學(xué)物質(zhì)。[20:03.00]Thethirdreasonispeople'sawarenessofaknowledgeabouttechnologyhasneverbeengreater.<ch>第三個(gè)原因是人們對(duì)技術(shù)知識(shí)的認(rèn)識(shí)從未如此之強(qiáng)。[20:10.53]Inthepast,peoplemighthavebeenskepticalofanewproductclaimedtobeabletoachieveamazingcleaningresults,buttheynowhavefaithintechnology'sabilitytodowhatwasoncethoughtimpossible.<ch>過(guò)去，人們可能會(huì)對(duì)聲稱(chēng)能夠達(dá)到驚人的清潔效果的新產(chǎn)品持懷疑態(tài)度，但他們現(xiàn)在相信技術(shù)有能力完成曾經(jīng)被認(rèn)為不可能的事情。[20:25.25]Thereisperhapsnobetterexampleofthisthanapatentedclothsoldbyonecompany,whichremarkablyusesonlywaterratherthantraditionalcleaningproducts.<ch>這方面一個(gè)最好的例子就是一家公司銷(xiāo)售的已經(jīng)申請(qǐng)專(zhuān)利的布，最引人注目的是它只用水而不用傳統(tǒng)的清潔產(chǎn)品。[20:37.73]Thecompanyclaimsitsclothlifts,trapsandremovesdirtandbacteria.<ch>該公司聲稱(chēng)其布料可以剝離，捕獲和去除污垢及細(xì)菌。[20:43.57]Andconsideringthatpeopledon'tseetheseproductsinshops,oradvertisedonTVorinthepress,ithasbeenaprettysteeprise.<ch>考慮到人們?cè)谏痰昀锟床坏竭@些產(chǎn)品，在電視或報(bào)刊上也看不到其廣告，因此其銷(xiāo)量堪稱(chēng)陡增。[20:53.90]Manyofthepeoplebehindthesecompaniesbegantestingtheviabilityoftheirproductsbysellingthematlocalmarkets.<ch>這些公司的人開(kāi)始通過(guò)在當(dāng)?shù)厥袌?chǎng)銷(xiāo)售他們的產(chǎn)品來(lái)測(cè)試其可行性。[21:01.95]Then,inmanycases,customersaredoingthemarketingfortheseproductsbyleavingthreadsofcommentsonsocialmedia,praisingtheirvirtues.<ch>然后，在許多情況下，顧客通過(guò)在社交媒體上留言（稱(chēng)贊它們的優(yōu)點(diǎn)）來(lái)為這些產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行營(yíng)銷(xiāo)。[21:12.04]TherearealsoTVshowsandbooksdedicatedtomaintaininghometidinessandcleanlinessandthebenefitsofhavingacleanhome.<ch>還有一些電視節(jié)目和書(shū)籍致力于保持家庭整潔和干凈以及擁有一個(gè)干凈的家。[21:22.78]Havingasafeandcleanhomemightbeonethingpeoplefeeltheycancontrolinanincreasinglyout-of-controlworld.<ch>在一個(gè)日益失控的世界中擁有一個(gè)安全、干凈的家可能是人們覺(jué)得自己可以掌控的一件事。[21:31.24]Andtherearesocialmediacelebrities.<ch>還有社交媒體名人。[21:34.91]OnewomaninBritainhasbecomeasocialmediasensationwithmorethantwomillionfollowersforhercleaningtipspage.<ch>英國(guó)的一位女性在社交媒體上引起了轟動(dòng)，她的清潔技巧頁(yè)面擁有200多萬(wàn)的粉絲。[21:43.20]Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.<ch>請(qǐng)根據(jù)你剛剛聽(tīng)到的錄音回答問(wèn)題19到21。[21:48.00]19.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutthecleaningproductsindustryinrecentyears?<ch>19.關(guān)于近年來(lái)的清潔用品行業(yè)，講話者說(shuō)了什么？[22:06.44]20.Whyarenewlydevelopedcleaningproductssellingwell?<ch>20.為什么新興清潔產(chǎn)品會(huì)暢銷(xiāo)？[22:24.76]21.Whataresomecustomersdoingtohelppromotenon-traditionalcleaningproducts?<ch>21.一些顧客正在做什么來(lái)幫助推廣非傳統(tǒng)的清潔用品？[22:44.07]RecordingThree<ch>錄音三[22:46.54]Throwingsparechangeintoafountainisatime-honoredritual:throwapennyintothewater,andyourwishmightcometrue.<ch>將零錢(qián)扔進(jìn)噴泉是一種歷史悠久的儀式：把一便士扔進(jìn)水里，你的愿望可能會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)。[22:56.02]Butallthatmoneyhastogosomewhere.<ch>但這些錢(qián)都得去往別處。[22:58.48]Otherwise,thegrowingpilesofpennies,quartersandeuroscouldclogupthefountain'sworks.<ch>否則，越來(lái)越多的便士、美分和歐元可能會(huì)堵塞噴泉裝置。[23:04.99]Today,I'mgoingtotalkaboutwhereallthecoinsgo.<ch>今天，我要談?wù)勊杏矌诺娜ハ?。[23:08.97]Well,thecoinscollectedcangotoallsortsofdifferentplaces—fromfountainmaintenancetocharityorpublicservice.<ch>嗯，收集到的硬幣可以去各種不同的地方--從噴泉維護(hù)到慈善或公共服務(wù)。[23:17.87]InNewYorkCity,forexample,coinscollectedfromfountainsinpublicparksoftengotowardsthefountains'maintenanceitself,thoughentrepreneurswhodon'tmindgettingtheirhandswetoftengettoitfirst.<ch>例如，在紐約市，從公園的噴泉中收集的硬幣通常用于噴泉維護(hù)，雖然不介意弄濕手的企業(yè)家通常會(huì)先動(dòng)手。[23:32.14]Thereareover50beautiful,decorativedisplayfountainsinNewYorkCityparks.<ch>紐約市公園內(nèi)有50多個(gè)美麗的裝飾性展覽噴泉。[23:38.14]Theyarecleanedbytheparks'staffeveryfewweeks.<ch>公園的工作人員每隔幾周對(duì)它們進(jìn)行一次清潔。[23:41.86]ButmostofthecoinshavealreadybeenremovedbyentrepreneurialNewYorkersandthereisnotasignificantamountlefttobecollected.<ch>但大多數(shù)硬幣已經(jīng)被有創(chuàng)業(yè)精神的紐約人拿走了，剩下需要收集的硬幣數(shù)量并不多。[23:51.27]Othercities,though,canpullinamuchmoreserioushaul.<ch>不過(guò)，其他城市需要拖走的硬幣可能更多。[23:56.20]Takeforexample,Rome'sfamousTrevifountain:forhundredsofyears,visitorshavethrowncoinsovertheirshoulderintothefountaintoensurethattheywillreturn.<ch>以羅馬著名的特雷維噴泉為例：數(shù)百年來(lái)，游客們把硬幣越過(guò)肩膀扔進(jìn)噴泉，以確保他們會(huì)回來(lái)。[24:08.38]Somany