todo、doing和done作補(bǔ)語地比較

實(shí)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文案todo、doing和done作補(bǔ)語的比較一、在介詞with后作賓補(bǔ)的非謂語動(dòng)詞形式with+賓+done，表示賓語與過去分詞在邏輯上是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且意味著該動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成或無時(shí)間性with+賓+doing,表示賓語與現(xiàn)在分詞在邏輯上是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且表示動(dòng)作的持續(xù)進(jìn)行with+賓+todo，則表示將來的動(dòng)作，賓語與不定式在邏輯上可以是主動(dòng)關(guān)系也可以是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，注意此時(shí)的不定式不是作賓補(bǔ)而是作賓語的定語了。如：文檔大全實(shí)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文案Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishandsbehindhisback.（全國卷）A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied【分析】答案選Dohishand與tie是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且?guī)нM(jìn)時(shí)應(yīng)己捆綁好了，表示“被動(dòng)、完成”用過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)。Withalotofdifficultproblems,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.（上海春）文檔大全實(shí)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文案A.settledB.settingC.tosettle D.beingsettled【分析】答案選C。由語境可知，問題還沒有解決，用不定式指將來的動(dòng)作。Petersoonfellasleepwiththelightstill(burn).個(gè)動(dòng)詞文檔大全實(shí)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文案在leave,want,get,have等動(dòng)詞的賓語后面可接doing、done或todo?，F(xiàn)分述如下：①leave,”doing讓…一直（主動(dòng)、持續(xù)進(jìn)行）；leave…todo讓…去做（主動(dòng)、將來）;leave…done（被動(dòng)）。如:1）Don'tleavethewaterwhileyoubrushyourteeth.（天津卷）A.run B.runningC.beingrun D.torun文檔大全

實(shí)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文案(fasten)讓門緊閉著;3)Leaveher(do)asshelikes讓她去做她喜歡做的事。②wantsb.doing希望某人做某事（多用于否定）；wantsb.todo要某人做某事；wantsth.done=wantsth.tobedone（被動(dòng)）。如:文檔大全

實(shí)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文案Idon'twantyou (arrive)late.Iwanttheletter(open)now.Thebosswantedhisworkers(finish)thejobbyFriday.③getsb.todosth.使某人③getsb.todosth.使某人做某事（主動(dòng)、將來）;get…doing使…處于某一（狀態(tài)中（主動(dòng)、持續(xù)）;態(tài)中（主動(dòng)、持續(xù)）;文檔大全實(shí)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文案get???done=havesth.done請(qǐng)人做/遭受（被動(dòng)）。如：1）1’lltrytogetherthedoctor.（上海卷）A.seeB.seeingC.toseeD.forseeing【分析】答案選Cogetsb.todosth.使某人做某事。請(qǐng)比較：2）Theteachergotthechildrentalking.讓孩子說起話來；getthecomputerrepaired將電腦送去修理；gethiswristbroken折斷了手腕。④havesth.done=getsth.done請(qǐng)人做某事；文檔大全實(shí)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文案havesb/sth.doingsth.使某人/某物一直做某事或者處于某種狀態(tài)；havesb.dosth.使某人做某事（見使役動(dòng)詞）;havesth.todo有事要做（見非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語部分）。如：Shehadheraudiencelisteningattentively.他使觀眾聽得入神。Hedidn’tkeeponaskingmethetimeanylongerashehadhadhiswatch.（上海卷）文檔大全實(shí)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文案A.torepairB.repairedC.repairingD.repair【分析】答案選Bohiswatch與repair是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)。三、可用分詞但不用todo作補(bǔ)語的5個(gè)動(dòng)詞keep,find等后可用現(xiàn)在分詞（主動(dòng)）或過去分詞（被動(dòng)）作補(bǔ)語，一般不用todo。在catch（撞見），smell（聞到），start（使）等后通常只接現(xiàn)在分詞作補(bǔ)語，不用不定式或過去分詞。如：文檔大全

實(shí)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文案Itwassocoldthattheykeptthefireallnight.（全國卷）A.toburnB.burntC.burningD.burneding【分析】答案選Cokeep…doing讓…一直保持某種狀態(tài)g讓…一直保持某種狀態(tài)讓那盆火整夜燃著。Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfound_inthekitchen.（全國卷）A.smokeB.smokingC.tosmoke D.smoked文檔大全實(shí)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文案【分析】答案選B。find后一般不能用todo作補(bǔ)語。he與smoke是主動(dòng)的，用ing形式作主語補(bǔ)語。Helookedaroundandcaughtamanhishandintothepocketofapassenger.（安徽卷）A.put B.tobeputtingC.toput D.putting【分析】答案選口。后通常只接現(xiàn)在分詞作補(bǔ)語，catchsb.doingsth.撞見某人在做某事。Thesalesmanscoldedthegirlcaughtandletheroff.（全國卷）文檔大全實(shí)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文案A.tohavestolenB.tobestealingC.tostealD.stealing【分析】答案選Docaughtstealing=whowascaughtstealing,本句相當(dāng)于：Thesalesmancaughtthegirlstealing.Hescoldedherandthenletheroff.四、可用tobe或tohavedone作補(bǔ)語的9個(gè)動(dòng)詞在表示“認(rèn)為"的think,consider,believe,suppose,prove,find,understand,judge,imagine等動(dòng)詞后，可跟tobe作補(bǔ)語（認(rèn)為…是…），一^般不跟todo;但在t文檔大全

實(shí)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文案hink,consider,believe等之后可跟tohavedone作補(bǔ)語（認(rèn)為…做了…）O如：CharlesBabageisgenerallyconsideredthefirstcomputer.（全國卷）A.tohaveinventedB.inventingC.toinventD.havinginvented【分析】答案選A。本題是considersb.tohavedone的被動(dòng)式。makeoneself后常用understood等過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)makeoneselfunderstood/heard/eard/seen/known讓別人明白自文檔大全實(shí)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文案己的意思/讓自己講的話被別人聽到/讓自己被別人看到/讓自己被別人認(rèn)識(shí)。如:Thespeakerraisedhisvoicebutstillcouldn'tmakehimself.（全國卷）A.hearB.tohearC.hearing D.heard【分析】答案選Domakehimselfheard讓他講的話被別人聽到。Helenhadtoshoutabovethesoundofthemusic.（廣西卷）A.makingherselfhearB.tomakeherselfhear文檔大全

實(shí)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文案C.makingherselfheardD.tomakeherselfheard【分析】答案選口。使自己講的話被別有聽到，用makeoneselfheard,排除A和B;作目的狀語用不定式，排除C。在besaid/reported等后用不定式在besaid,bereported,bebelieved,besupposed,bethought等后面，以及要求接不定式后面，以及要求接不定式Hewasreportedtohavebrokentheworldrecord.據(jù)報(bào)道他打破了世界紀(jì)錄。文檔大全實(shí)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文案(=Itisreportedthathehasbrokentheworldrecord.)Thefluisbelievedbyvirusesthatliketoreproduceinthecellsinsidethehumannoseandthroat.(上海卷)A.causeB.beingcausedC.tobecausedD.tohavecaused【分析】答案選Cobebelieved后要按動(dòng)詞不定式，排除A和B;又因?yàn)閠heflu與cause是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以要用不定式的被動(dòng)式。文檔大全實(shí)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文案Thefluisbelievedtobecaused…=Itisbelieved/Peoplebelievethatthefluiscaused…人們認(rèn)為…Robertissaidabroad,butIdon’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.（全國卷）A.to