出國(guó)人員英語(yǔ)培訓(xùn)(工程英語(yǔ)部分)

音標(biāo)篇：我們學(xué)習(xí)的英語(yǔ)音標(biāo)（英語(yǔ)國(guó)際音標(biāo)）一共有48個(gè)。詳細(xì)如下：一、元音部分：1）、單元音：[i:]、[i]、[?:]、[?]、[u:]、[u]、[?:]、[?]、[ɑ:]、[?]、[e]、[?]2）、雙元音：[ei]、[ai]、[?i]、[??]、[u?]、[i?]、[au]、[?u]留意，元音也可以分為：1）、長(zhǎng)元音：/ɑ://?://?://i://?:/2）、短元音：/?//?//?//?//u//e//?/二、輔音部分：[p]、[b]、[t]、[d]、[k]、[g]、[f]、[v]、[s]、[z]、[θ]、[e][tr]、[dr]、[ts]、[dz]、[m]、[n]、[?]、[h]、[l]、[r]、[j]、[w]清輔音即不振動(dòng)聲帶的音標(biāo):[p][t][k][f][s][θ][tr][ts][h]濁輔音即能引起聲帶振動(dòng)的音標(biāo),除了清輔音余下的都是濁輔音這48個(gè)英語(yǔ)音標(biāo)如同60個(gè)漢語(yǔ)拼音，只要嫻熟地駕馭了它們，對(duì)學(xué)好英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)的作用是相當(dāng)大的。英語(yǔ)培訓(xùn)——工程英語(yǔ)部分培訓(xùn)目的：以了解專(zhuān)業(yè)詞匯，駕馭日常用語(yǔ)以及現(xiàn)場(chǎng)施工口語(yǔ)為基礎(chǔ)的一次英語(yǔ)培訓(xùn)課。提綱：工程英語(yǔ)主要分為兩大部分。第一部分為詞匯部分，其次部分為常用的工程口語(yǔ)部分。主要內(nèi)容：第一部分工程英語(yǔ)詞匯常見(jiàn)的縮寫(xiě)詞PM:ProjectManager項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理SC:Subcontractor轉(zhuǎn)包商，次承包商VAT:valueaddedtax增值稅PCFC:port,customsandfreezonecorporation港口、海關(guān)和自由區(qū)公司EPSS:environmentprotectionandsafetysection環(huán)保平安科（港口、海關(guān)和自由區(qū)公司）NOC:non-objectioncertificate無(wú)異議證明COC:certificateofconformity（compliance）合格證EHS:environment,healthandsafetysection環(huán)保、健康和平安科BS：BritishStandard英國(guó)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)L.P.G：LiquidPetroleumGasSystem液化氣系統(tǒng)單位縮寫(xiě)sec–second秒min–minute分鐘hr–hour小時(shí)cu–cubic立方sq–square平方Lin–linear長(zhǎng)度No–number編號(hào)m–meter米mm–millimeter毫米L–liter升kg–kilogram千斤N-Newton牛頓C–degreescentigrade攝氏度管理部門(mén)名稱(chēng)工程管理部：ConstructionDepartment技術(shù)部：TechnicalDepartment機(jī)電部：MEP(MachineElectricityandPlumbing)Department合約部：ContractsandCommercialDepartment物資設(shè)備部：MaterialsandPlantDepartment財(cái)務(wù)部：FinanceDepartment行政部：AdministrationDepartment崗位名稱(chēng)項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理：ProjectManager項(xiàng)目副經(jīng)理：DeputyProjectManager項(xiàng)目總工程師：ChiefProjectEngineer項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理助理：AssistantProjectManager項(xiàng)目生產(chǎn)助理：AssistantConstructionManager技術(shù)經(jīng)理：TechnicalManager機(jī)電部經(jīng)理：MEPManager合約部經(jīng)理：ContractsManager工程部經(jīng)理：EngineeringManager財(cái)務(wù)經(jīng)理：FinancialManager行政經(jīng)理：AdministrationManager物資設(shè)備經(jīng)理：MaterialsandPlantManager選購(gòu) 經(jīng)理：ProcurementManager現(xiàn)場(chǎng)工程師：SiteEngineer平安員：SafetyOfficer測(cè)量員：SurveyEngineer安排工程師：PlanningEngineer翻譯：Translator技術(shù)協(xié)調(diào)員：TechnicalCoordinator施工圖設(shè)計(jì)員：ShopdrawingDesigner試驗(yàn)工程師：TestingEngineer前臺(tái)秘書(shū)：Receptionist秘書(shū)：Secretary行政助理：AdministrationAssistant急救員：FirstAider辦公室服務(wù)員：OfficeBoy預(yù)算員：QuantitySurveyor鋼筋工：SteelFixer瓦工：Mason木工：Carpenter機(jī)修工：Mechanic架子工：Scaffolder測(cè)量員Surveyor工人：Worker,Manpower抹灰工：Plasterer質(zhì)量工程師：QualityEngineer土建工程師：CivilEngineer機(jī)電工程師：Mechanical/ElectricalEngineer廚師：Chef出納：Cashier醫(yī)生：Doctor材料員：MaterialMan司機(jī)：driver監(jiān)理和業(yè)主子員名稱(chēng)1.駐地工程師：residentengineer2.暖通工程師：mechanicalengineer3.高級(jí)建筑師：seniorarchitect4.室內(nèi)建筑師：interiorarchitect5.監(jiān)理驗(yàn)收員：supervisioninspector6.項(xiàng)目協(xié)調(diào)員：ProjectCoordinator六、Wallslaying砌墻1．豎縫joint2.（水）平縫horizontaljoint3.(豎)直縫verticaljoint4.磚接縫brickworkjoint5.勾縫pointingjoint6.水泥砂漿cementmortar7.砌筑砂漿masonrymortar8.磚瓦brickandtile9.實(shí)心磚solidbrick10.空心磚hollowbrick11.耐火磚firebrick12.自然粘土瓦naturalclaytile13.溝瓦guttertile14.搭接瓦overlappingtile15.石棉水泥瓦asbestos-cementslate七、ConcreteMixing混凝土拌合1.拌合法Mixingmethod2.重量比配料法weightmethod3.按重量配料法batchingbyweight4.按體積配料法batchingbyvolume5.工廠攪拌plantmix6.工地?cái)嚢鑝ixing–in–place7.運(yùn)輸過(guò)程中攪拌mixedintransit8.在運(yùn)輸途中攪拌mixedonroute9.再拌的混凝土remixedconcrete10.拌好的混凝土mixedconcrete11.和易性workability12.稠度，密實(shí)度consistence13.坍塌度slump14.商品混凝土ready-mixedconcrete15.重混凝土heavyconcrete16.礫石混凝土gravelconcrete17.細(xì)骨料混凝土fineconcrete18.防水混凝土water-proofconcrete19.預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土prestressedconcrete20.鋼筋混凝土reinforcementconcrete21.快硬混凝土fast-hardeningconcrete22.重力澆筑gravitypouring23.澆筑接縫pouredjoint24.現(xiàn)場(chǎng)澆筑混凝土situs/cast-in–placeconcrete25.混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)澆筑pouringconcretestructure26.混凝土制品concreteproducts27.(混凝土)預(yù)制構(gòu)件ready-madeunit28.混凝土框架結(jié)構(gòu)concreteframestructure29.混凝土樁基礎(chǔ)concretepilefoundation30.鋼筋混凝土柱reinforcedconcretecolumn31.預(yù)制混凝土構(gòu)件precastconcreteelementitem/member八、Roadworks道路工程1.馬路highway;highroad2.鐵路railway3.高速馬路motorway;superhighway4.單/雙向行車(chē)道one/two-wayroad5.走道walkway6.碎石路gravelroad7.柏油路macadam/asphaltroad8.道路坡度roadgrade9.路基roadbed10.路冠roadcrown11.副基sub-base12.石渣層ballastlayer13.路肩shoulder14.平面交叉intersection15.十字交叉right-angleintersection九、Bridgeengineering建橋工程1.橋欄桿bridgerailing2.人行道footway;pavement3.橋面bridgedeck4.橋臺(tái)abutment5.橋跨bridgespan6.橋拱bridgearch7.桁(heng)架bridgetruss8.懸索橋suspensionbridge9.懸臂橋cantileverbridge10.雙線(xiàn)馬路橋double-trackroadbridge11.多跨馬路橋multiplespanhighwaybridge十、Drainageworks排水工程1.污水管道sewageconduit2.排水管線(xiàn)drainagepipeline3.污水管sewerpipe4.排水干管draincollector5.污水干管trunksewer6.污水立管sewerageriserpipe7.通氣支管branchvent8.鑄鐵管道cast-ironpipe9.污水處理廠sewagetreatmentplant10.檢查井manhole11.污水泵站sewagepumpingstation12.直角彎管elbowtube13.彎頭套管elbowunion14.直管式存水彎bottletrap15.彎頭接頭elbowjoint16.地漏wastegrating17.井蓋gullycover18.暴雨水落管storm-downpipe十一、Commonmachinesandequipment一般機(jī)械和設(shè)備啟動(dòng)機(jī)starter翻斗車(chē)dumper裝載機(jī)fork–lift拖車(chē)，掛車(chē)trailer運(yùn)輸機(jī)conveyer拖拉機(jī)tractor手推車(chē)trolley電鏟electricdipper攪拌機(jī)mixer帶式輸送機(jī)loader-dozer液壓泵hydraulicpump其次部分工程口語(yǔ)Welcomeandintroduction問(wèn)候和介紹Welcometoourjobsite.歡迎到我們工地來(lái)。Iwishweshallhaveafriendlycooperationincomingdays.希望今后友好合作。3.Allowmetointroducemyself,mynameis…請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我介紹自己，我的名字叫……Pleaseallowmetointroduceafellowofmine,Mr.___.請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我給你介紹一位我的同事，……先生A:Whatisyourspeciality?B:Mytechnicalspecialtyiscivilengineering.A:你的專(zhuān)業(yè)是什么？B:我的技術(shù)專(zhuān)業(yè)是土建工程。Whichdepartmentdoyoubelongto?你在那家公司工作？Kindlygiveusyouradvice,please.請(qǐng)多指教。Thanksforyourdirection.感謝你的指導(dǎo)。WeatherandEnvironment天氣和環(huán)境A:Whatistheweatherforecastfortoday?今日天氣預(yù)報(bào)怎樣？B:Theweathermansays，thehighesttemperatureduringthedaywillbetwentyonedegreescentigrade(21℃).Thetemperaturewilldroptofiveabove(below)zerotonight.天氣預(yù)報(bào)員說(shuō)：今日白天最高氣溫為攝氏溫度二十一度。今晚溫度將降到零上（下）五度。2.Wecannotcontinuetheoutdoorwork,becauseitisraining(sleeting)now.因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在下雨（雨雪），我們不能接著在室外工作。3.Theliftingworkonsitewillbecompelledtostop,owingtothestrongwind.(adensefog)由于強(qiáng)風(fēng)（濃霧），現(xiàn)場(chǎng)起重吊裝工作將被迫停止。Ifitshouldraintomorrow,theworkwouldbepostponedforsomedays.假如明天下雨，工作就要延期幾天。5.Theclimatequiteagreeswithus.這氣候?qū)ξ覀兒芟嘁?。EngineeringProject工程項(xiàng)目Aprojectexecutionisusuallydividedintosomeelementaryphases,suchas:engineering,procurementandtransportation,andfieldconstruction.一個(gè)工程項(xiàng)目的實(shí)施通常可分為幾個(gè)基本階段：工程設(shè)計(jì)、選購(gòu) 和運(yùn)輸、以及現(xiàn)場(chǎng)施工。ThecontractnumberofthisprojectisCJC78-8.這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的合同號(hào)是CJC78-8。TheSeller(vendor)isToyoEngineeringCorporation(TEC)ofJapan.賣(mài)方（賣(mài)主）是日本的東洋工程公司。（簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)TEC）TheBuyer(customer,client)isChinaNationalTechnicalImportCorporation.(CNTIC)買(mǎi)方（主顧、顧客）是中國(guó)技術(shù)進(jìn)口總公司。（簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)CNTIC）ChinaStateConstructionEngineeringCorporation(CSCEC)contractsfordomesticandoverseasconstructionprojects.中國(guó)建筑總公司（簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)CSCEC）承包國(guó)內(nèi)和海外的施工工程。Itisaninquiry(commercialandtechnicalproposal,approval,agreement,protocol,annex,technicalappendix)aboutthisproject.這是這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的詢(xún)價(jià)書(shū)。（商務(wù)和技術(shù)報(bào)價(jià)書(shū)、批準(zhǔn)書(shū)、協(xié)議、會(huì)議記錄、附加條件、技術(shù)附件）Thereismuchinformationinthetechnicalproposal,whichincluding:processflow,processdescription,capacityoftheplant,performanceoftheproduct.技術(shù)報(bào)價(jià)書(shū)中有許多資料，包括：工藝流程、工藝說(shuō)明、生產(chǎn)實(shí)力、產(chǎn)品特性等。Wecanevaluatetheresultsoffieldconstructionbyfourcriteria,whicharequality,time,costandsafety.我們可以通過(guò)四個(gè)指標(biāo)來(lái)評(píng)價(jià)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)施工的成果，即質(zhì)量、時(shí)間進(jìn)度、費(fèi)用和平安。PlanningandScheduling安排和進(jìn)度Weshouldworkaccordingtotheoverallschedulechart(theconstructiontimeschedule)oftheproject.我們應(yīng)當(dāng)依據(jù)工程項(xiàng)目的總進(jìn)度表（建設(shè)進(jìn)度表）工作。TheeffectivedateofthiscontractwillbeginfromDec.30th,2007.這個(gè)合同的有效期將從2007年12月30日起先。Ourmajorplanningitemscontainestimatingofcostandconstructionschedule.我們主要的安排工作項(xiàng)目包括費(fèi)用預(yù)算和施工進(jìn)度。Fielderectionwork(civilwork)willbegininOctoberthisyearandcompleteonJunefirstnextyear.現(xiàn)場(chǎng)安裝工作（土建工作）將自今年十月起先至明年六月一日完工。Weshallalsomaketheprojectschedulereporteveryday.我們也將每天提出項(xiàng)目進(jìn)度報(bào)告。TechnicalDocumentsandDrawings技術(shù)資料和圖紙WecompletedthistaskaccordingtothedrawingnumberSD-76.我們依據(jù)圖號(hào)SD-76的圖紙完成了這項(xiàng)工作。Accordingtothetechnicalstandard(norm,rulesofoperation),theerection(alignment,testing)workisnowgettingon.安裝（校準(zhǔn)、試驗(yàn)）工作正在依據(jù)技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（規(guī)范、操作規(guī)程）進(jìn)行。Thisisaplotplan(generallayout,generalarrangement,detail,section,erection,flowsheet,PID,assembly,civil,electrical,controlandinstrumentation,projection,piping,isometric)drawing.這是一張平面布置（總平面、總布置、細(xì)部、剖面、安裝、流程