初三中考英語首字母填空解題技巧(含練習(xí)答案)

PAGEPAGE1學(xué)員編號：年級：課時數(shù)：學(xué)員姓名：輔導(dǎo)科目：英語學(xué)科教師：授課類型TC首字母填空T教學(xué)目標(biāo)在題目中熟練運用首字母填空各項做題技巧星級★★★授課日期及時段教學(xué)內(nèi)容C-首字母專題C-首字母專題（建議1分鐘）首字母填空是同學(xué)們的老大難，可是再難也有辦法！我們可能做過很多篇首字母填空，再面對一個新的題目時候，仍然做不出來。這就像是，有人要問我們一個小城堡里的家具都擺放在什么位置，但我們卻一直站在門外，透過模糊的窗戶往里面觀望。卻沒想過要勇敢的敲門進去。我們站在外面太久了！現(xiàn)在由老師帶著你走進去，看看這個城堡里面到底是什么樣子的，里面的東西都有什么，都放在什么位置，放的位置有什么講究。首字母填空就像是這么一個小城堡，我們來敲門進去吧?。ɡ煤弥ヂ殚_門這個圖標(biāo)）【講解】老師要神秘地啟發(fā)學(xué)生，讓他們想想首字母讓填的單詞都有什么單詞，然后引導(dǎo)他們發(fā)現(xiàn)首字母填空這個城堡里面就住了這幾個大佬，一個動詞，一個形容詞、一個是副詞，一個是名詞，一個是不定代詞。本節(jié)我們就來會見一下副詞。（建議25分鐘）上海中考英語首字母填空分級訓(xùn)練上海中考英語首字母填空分級訓(xùn)練（2012年上海中考首字母）The2012LondonOlympicGamesareonthewa3'.YoumayhaveanicetripinLondonwiththehelpofthefollowinginformation.GettingaroundinLondonByundergroundTheundergroundisTheundergroundisfastandconvenient.Thereisastationeveryfewblocks.Undergroundtrainsrunfrom5:30a.m.to12:00midnight.Youcangettoanyplacee86.BybusTravelingbybusisagoodwaytoseethecity-,especiallyfromthetopofadouble-deckerbus.Thereisalwaysabusstopnearby.Therearespecialticketsforc87undertheageof12.BytrainTakeatraintovisitplacesoutsideLondon,likeHamptonCourtandWindsorCastle.YoucanuseaTravelcardontheunderground,busesandmosttrains.Top88yourjourney,getamapfromtherailwaystations,takesometimetothinkabouttheplacesyouwanttovisit.BytaxiLondon'sblacktaxisaref89.ManyvisitorstoLondonknowtheyaregoodandcomfortable.TheyWillcostyouafewpounds,though.Takeataxionce,fortheexperience.Byb90The"riverbus"leavesfromWestminsterPierandstopsatdifferentplacesbetweenWestminsterandGreenwichPier.AgoodwaytoseethecityfromtheRiverThames.BycarDon'tdriveyourcarinLondon!Carparksareverye91.Youhavetopayaspecialcongestioncharge(擁堵費)todriveyourcarintothecitycentre.BybikeTherearen'tmanygoodbicyclelanesinLondon.Cyclingwithalargeguidedgroupisbetterthanr92alone.OnfootThebestwaytovisitthecity!Butlookrightandleftbeforeyoucrossastreet.Therearemanybeautifulsightswaitingforyou.【參考答案】86：easily87:children88:plan89:famous90:boat91:expensive92:riding一、題型背景首字母填空題答題時要求既要使所填的詞在語法和語義上正確，又要使其符合短文內(nèi)容與情景的需要，所給出的詞首字母同時起著提示和限定的作用。它不僅考查學(xué)生在詞匯、語法等方面的基礎(chǔ)知識，還考察理解、推導(dǎo)、分析等綜合能力?？疾橹攸c是名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞和代詞這幾大詞類。二、解題技巧首字母填空是中考第一大難題，因為它是完形填空的變種，完形填空有四個完整的詞匯供選擇，而首字母填空只有一個首字母給到提示，所以難度大大增加，但是畢竟是考試題，還是有很多線索提供我們，而放在一個段落里考察，上下語境，以及前后邏輯就成了我們最大的提示。所以，不用擔(dān)心，跟老師獲取首字母填空的通關(guān)秘籍吧。首字母填空之通關(guān)秘籍第一招：判斷詞性通過句法分析弄清楚要填的詞是在句中充當(dāng)主語、謂語還是賓語等。如果是主語或賓語，要填的應(yīng)當(dāng)是名詞或代詞；如果是謂語，要填的就應(yīng)是動詞；如果是在名詞前作定語或者在系動詞后作表語，要填的應(yīng)當(dāng)是形容詞；如像We______busy.He______fine.之類的句子，busy，fine都是形容詞，也就是說句中還無動詞，這一定是填系動詞be，look等。如果是已經(jīng)在文章前用方框給出了供選擇的單詞，通過這樣的句法分析，就會將范圍大大的縮小，可能就會只剩下一、兩個單詞了。第二招：語言邏輯就是利用上下文的意思與結(jié)構(gòu)來填空，這個上下文可能是空格所處的那個句本身的前部分和后部分，也可能是空格前后的那個或那幾句子，還有可能前后段落或?qū)φ恼碌睦斫?。有時甚至還要結(jié)合常識進行簡單的邏輯推理才能準(zhǔn)確判斷出該填哪個詞。中考英語段落還是比較簡單的，所以出現(xiàn)的語言邏輯情況不多，縱觀這幾年的真題，基本上用好以下兩個兵器就能解決了。兵器1、前后解釋呼應(yīng)Rememberthatdogsneede

.Youshouldtakeitforawalkeveryday.Don’tkeepyourdoginsideallday.【講解】此空后面句子其實是對前面句子的進一步解釋，尤其是劃橫線部分就相當(dāng)于是對空格部分單詞的對應(yīng)解釋，所以聯(lián)想到e開頭的動詞，應(yīng)該就是exercise。Whenyoubuyadog,animportantthingtothinkaboutisits

s

——buyasmalldogifyourhomeissmallandabiggeroneifyourhomeislarger?！局v解】buy這一句是不是就是對前面那一空的解釋？大房子就買大狗，小房子買小狗，那不就是說要注意狗狗的大小嗎。"Alongtime,"saidthedoctor."Maybeforther5ofyourlife."【2011年上海中考真題】【講解】一個人要表達一個意思往往不止說一句話，一般說完后，會再補充幾句以更加說明自己的觀點和意思。此舉就是對前面“alongtime”的補充說明。想到Therestof…..句型了吧？兵器2、連詞提示（轉(zhuǎn)折、遞進、因果等）Mumusedtod97ustoschool,butnowmysisterandIhavestartedridingourbikestoschool.【2009上海中考真題】【講解】but是一個標(biāo)志性詞，標(biāo)志著前后句意思是轉(zhuǎn)折對比關(guān)系?，F(xiàn)在是騎車到學(xué)校，那和這個相對比，之前的是什么呢？肯丟只有drive了Westoppedtakinglongbathsandhadshortshowersi95.【2009上海中考】【講解】文章就是講節(jié)約能源的方法的，所以這句and前后其實內(nèi)容是對比關(guān)系，instead都是至于句尾的，表達轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的詞。Mostsunshinerecorderso102recorddirect(直接的)sunshine.Neil’sismoreaccurateandthisisveryimportantforresearchintowaysofusingsolarpower.Neilplanstokeepinventing.【2008年上海中考】【講解】一看到more，就意味著什么？對，比較！那就是比較這兩句，more所在這句意思是遞進的，更“精確”，前面的肯定就是不夠精確了，為什么不夠精確呢？看到direct馬上會想到indirect。所以聯(lián)想，會不會是，大多數(shù)記錄者only記錄了directsunshine，而沒有記錄indirectsunshine。引導(dǎo)學(xué)生，看到more，but這種標(biāo)志性連詞，要高度興奮。第三招：常識常理Alanawasonadiet,butshedidn'tlikeitatall.Shewasnota2toeatherfavouritefoodbythedoctor.【2011上海中考真題】【講解】減肥期間，醫(yī)生肯定是不讓你隨便吃東西的。這是常識常理。女生會更有感觸。Whenpeoplestudytheweather,it’simportanttobeabletorecordthesunshineaccurately.Weneedtoknowhowmanyh101ofsunshinewehaveandhowstrongitis.【2008上海中考】【講解】看到howmany，應(yīng)該判斷這個空應(yīng)該是個可數(shù)名詞，還像是一個量詞，因為后面有ofsunshine，再根據(jù)常識，記錄陽光精確，是要記錄我們感受陽光的時間陽光本身的強度。特別提示！1、考慮詞形變化是名詞或代詞要考慮是該用單數(shù)還是用復(fù)數(shù)；是人稱代詞是用主格還是賓格；如果是動詞就要考慮是謂語動詞還是非謂語動詞；是謂語動詞是主動語態(tài)還是被動語態(tài)，還要考慮該用哪一種時態(tài)；是非謂語動詞是用-ing形式，不定式還是用過去分詞。等等。切不可一確定是填哪個單詞后，就在不作任何考慮的情況下填上去，犯了不該犯的錯。2、注意固定搭配根據(jù)空格前后之間的固定搭配關(guān)系來分析。如begoodat，beinterestedin，makeprogress，atleast，atmost，atlast，inthisway，payavisitto，takecareof，alotof，haveapopulationof，getonwellwith，haveaparty，givesb.sth.，asksb.todosth.，be/getusedto，spend…doing，so…that…等等。好啦，我們的通關(guān)三招，倆大兵器、以及特別提示都傳授給你了，下面我們來實戰(zhàn)演練一下吧三、首字母閱讀高頻詞匯梳理：動詞動詞A:allowedanswerattractappearedB:bringbecomeC:callcatchcomecorrectcollectclosedcarecompletedcleaningchangedconfuseschoosecomplaincausedD:disappeareddeal/dodecideddiscoveredE:enjoyingencouragesexchangeendexaminedF:findsfollowfailedfollowedflewfinishfallingfeelG:giveH:helphurriedhappenedhideI:isincludinginventedimprovedJ:judgeK:knownL:leavelockedlovelikelearnedlooklive/leadlieloseM:meansmakesN:namedneedO:offeredopenedP:ProvedplayedprotectplannedpayR:refusedrelaxreadreceivedrealizerepairrememberS:spendstoppedshoutsleepseemshowedSupposespreadsellsufferedsearchedsteppedsaved(saving)swimsmellstopsmileT:thinktrytalksturningU:usedunderstandV:workswantwrittenwalkingworry形容詞形容詞A:anyangryanotheractiveasleepaloneB:beautifulbestblackbluebrokenbetterC:closercertaincommoncheapconfidentcoldcarefulcrazy/curiousD:dailydifferentdifficultE:easyexcited(exciting)enjoyableeveryemptyenougheveryone's/everybody's/each/everyF:freefewfirstfullG:greatergoodH:heavyhappyhighesthungryhealthyI:interested(interesting)importantimpossible形容詞形容詞K:kindL:lesslittlelong(longer)lowerM:many/mostmodernmuchN:noisy/noisiernatural/necessarynoO:ownotherP:prefectprettierpleasedpossiblepopularpublicR:rightreasonablerealruderecentS:safesorrysamespecialsmallsicksafesickstraightT:twotiredtraditionalthese/threethickerthankfultopU:usefulV:variousW:wrongwonderfulwisewarmworried(2)worseY:young副詞副詞A:alongaroundalwaysalmostalsoaccordingactuallyagainanywhereB:backC:completelycarefully/closelyD:downE:exactlyespeciallyeasilyeveneverF:finallyfurtherG:hardlyhowhardI:insideinsteadL:luckilylateN:notneverO:onlyoffoutsideP:probablyPerhapsproperlyQ:quietly/quicklyR:reallyratherS:stillSlowlyseriouslysometimes(soonseldomsafelysimplySoftlyT:terriblythroughthentogetherU:usuallyW:whenwellwithY:yet代詞代詞anyoneanythingeithernothingoneshimselfherselfhersOurselvesothersminemyselfnothingnobodysomethingselfThese/Theythemyourself介詞aboutabovebetweenBesidesexceptforfromonoverthanwithoutbehind名詞名詞A:addressactress(actor)amountarrangementarea/attractionArmyarm(s)B:busbedroombuildingC:countrycultureclasscustomerschancecolorcollegeD:diseasesdreamdaysdifferenceE:exerciseexperienceexampleendF:filmfuturefriendshipflatG:gamegradesH:houseworkhappinesshobbieshomes/houseshistoryholehairhopesI:informationideaJ:journeyjacketsjobL:lessonlistlivinglifeluckleglengthM:milkmoments(moment)minutesmenmoneymessagesN:namenumberP:popularpartproblemspeople/personsperformanceR:radiorestresponsibilityrulereasonsS:summerstorysmilestarssayingsurprisesideskillsT:troublethousandstypesW:writerwaywordsY:year連詞連詞As(After)andbeforebecausebut(however)untilsinceunlesswhetherthoughsothatwhatwhen/while（建議10分鐘）練習(xí)一：各區(qū)縣初三一?？碱}匯編1、虹口區(qū)D.Readthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperwords.(在短文的空格內(nèi)填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，使其內(nèi)容順暢，每空格限填一詞，首字母已給)：（14分）Yearsago,Ilivedinabuildinginalargecity.Thebuildingnextdoorwasonlyafeetawayfrommine.Therewasawomanwholivedthere,whomIhadnevermet,y92Icouldseeherseatedbyherwindoweachafternoon,sewingorreading.Afterseveralmonthshadgoneby,Ibegantonoticethatherwindowwasdirty.Everythingseenthroughthedirtywindowwasunclear.Iwouldsaytomyself,"Iwonderwhythatwomandoesn'twashherwindow.Itreallyl93terrible."OnebrightmorningIdecidedtocleanmyf94includingwashingthewindowontheinside.L95intheafternoonwhenIfinishedthecleaning,Isatdownbythewindowwithacupofcoffeeforar96.Whatasurprise!Acrosstheway,thewomansiringbyherwindowwasclearlyvisible.Herwindowwasclean.Ihadbeencriticizing(批評)herdirtywindow,butallthetimeIwaswatchinghersthroughmyowndirtywindow.Thatwasquiteani97lessonforme.HowoftenhadIlookedatandcriticizedothersthroughthedirtywindowofmyheart,throughmyownshortcomings(短處)?Sincethen,wheneverIwanttoj98someone,Iwillaskmyselffirst,"AmIlookingathimthroughmyowndirtywindow?"Keys:yetlooksflatLaterestimportantjudge2、黃浦區(qū) Readthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperwords:(14分)Ineveryclasstherearesomestudentswhodoverywellandsomewhodonot.Thatdoesn'tmeanthatthestudentswhodonotdowellarestupid.Therecanbemanyr92whyastudentdoesnotdowell.Perhapsthepersonisverysmartbutdoesn'twriteexamsverywell.Perhapstheyaresmartb93lazyanddonotknowhowtostudyanddon'tstudyhard.Perhaps,infact,theyarenotsmartatall.Theexamresultsdon'treallytellyouthat;theysimplytellyouhowwellyouhavedonecomparedwitho94studentsatthesamegradelevelasyouare.Inotherwords,examsdonotmeasure(衡量)accuratelyhowsmartyouarebecausetheycan'tmeasurethat.However,thisisthewaythesystemworksandthereisn'tmuchyoucandowithit.Ifyouu95thatgettinggoodmarksonanexamisabouthowtoprepareforandtowriteexamsandnotjustaboutwhatfactsyouknow,itcanhelpyoutodob96.Thegoodnewsisthatitwillbeoversoon.Youareveryyoungand,foryou,ay97seemslikealongtime,butcomparedwiththerestofyourlife,youwillfinishschoolandgointotheworkingworldsoonenough.Gettingagoodjob,ofcourse,dependsonhavingdonewellinschool,soyouneedtodecidethatyouaregoingtodowell,nomatterhowh98itis.Keys:reasonsbutotherunderstandbetteryearhard3、靜安區(qū)D.Readthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperwords（在短文的空格內(nèi)填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，使其內(nèi)容通順，每空格限填一詞，首字母已給）:（14分）Asweknow,XiaoShenyangandLiuQiandidwonderfuljobsintileCCTVSpringFestivalGala.Nowmanypeoplearec92aboutthesetwopersons.Buthowmuchdoyouknowaboutthem?XiaoShenyangwasborninapoorpeasantfamilywhichisindifficultfamilyconditions(狀況).HisrealnameisShenHe.Heisana93.HeisgoodatErRenZhuan.Helearnedacts,followingZhaoBenshan.Duringtheschoollife,hewasveryactiveinmanyactivities.Helookslikeasimpleman,buthen94stopspursuing(追求)hisartisticaspiration(渴望).Moreandmorepeoplelikehisstyle(風(fēng)格)ofp95,andwehopehecanmakegreatprogressinthefuture.LiuQianisayoungmagicianfromTaiwan.Attheageof7,Liusawamagictoyinashop.Atthatmomenthebegantoloveandd96tolearnmagic.Liudidn'tgotoanymagicschool.Hepracticedplayingtrickseverydaytoimprovehiss97,untilonedayhewasabletoputonashowforhisclass.Hesawthesurpriseone98face,andhefeltitwascool.Heoftendoesstreetshowsforpassers-by,policeandfarmers.Heworkedhardatit.Nowheisafamousmagician.Keys:caringactorneverperformancedecidedskillseveryone’s4、寶山區(qū)D.Readthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperwords.(在短文的空格內(nèi)填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，使其內(nèi)容順暢，每空格限填一詞，首字母已給)：（14分）ItwasseveralyearssinceHitlerbecameheadofthestate.AndhisarmywasgoingintosomepartsofEurope.Hewasthenatthet92ofhiscareer(生涯).OnedayHitlerwenttoanexhibitionwheretheworksofschoolchildrenwereonshow.Heseemedtohavegreatinterestintheexhibition.Afterwalkingroundthehallandexaminingeverything,hesaidhewasreadytomeettheyoungartists.Andsoonagroupofchildrenwereaskedtocomeouttogivehimawarmwelcome."Well,youdidgoodwork,"saidHitlerwithpleasure."I'mgoingtoaske93ofyouaquestion.IfyougivemetheanswerwhichI'mpleasedwith,Iamc94togivewhateveryouwant."Thenc95thequestions:"WhatwouldyouwishtobeifIwereyourfather?""Aseaman,"oneoftheboyssaid."Good.I'llhaveyoujoinmynavy(海軍)andsomedayyouwillr96thewholesea.""Askforanything!WhatwouldyouwishtobeifIwereyourfather?"Heaskedasecondboy."AnartistasRembrant."(荷蘭畫家侖布蘭特)"Good!YouaregoingtobesenttotheFineArtSchoolandsurelyyouwillbemadeanevengreaterartist."WhenHitlernoticedasad-lookingboy.hefeltunhappyoutoftheraceprejudices(種族偏見),thenquicklyforcedas97andsaid,"There,myboy,thoughIhatetheJews(猶太人),Iwouldpromisewhateveryouwant.Andyourwishwillbeturnedintoareality.WhatwouldyouwishtobeifIwereyourfather?"Theboylookeds98atthemanandsaidinaloudvoice,"Anorphan(孤兒)!"Keys:topeachcertaincamerulesmilesadly5、浦東新區(qū) Readthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperwords:(14分)Morethanhalfofthepeopleintheworldnowownamobile.Andmostofthemthinkit'sthemostimportantthingtheyown.In(92)r___________surveys,peoplesaidtheycouldlivewithouttheirTVsandcomputersbutnotwithouttheirmobilephones.Mostpeoplesaidthattheywouldrather(93)l___________theirwalletthantheirmobile.Manypeoplesaidtheyeventooktheirmobilephonetobedwiththem...likeateddybear!Whyarepeoplesoinlovewiththeirmobilephones?Well,accordingtoanarticleinanAmericannewspaper,amobilesatisfiessomeneedsofthehumans.First,Safety,it(94)m___________usfeelmoresecure.Second,Belongingness,wefeelconnectedtootherpeoplewhenweare(95)a___________.Andthird,Esteem,wefeelimportantwhenothersseeususingamobilephone.Manycountriesarenowtryingtopreventtheuseofmobilephoneswhiledriving.Whenpeoplearetalkingorsending(96)m___________ontheirmobiles,theybecomedistracted(注意力分散).InAmerica,"distracteddriving"resultedinmorethan5,800deathslastyear.Wemayloveourmobilesbutthereisatimeandaplaceforthemtobe(97)p___________used.Drivingisn'tasuitableplaceandneitheristheclassroom.Usingamobileintheclassroomcanresultin"distractedlearning."Thatmaynotkillyoubutitcansurelykillyour(98)a___________.Docareaboutwhenandwheretouseyourmobiles!Keys:recentlosemakesalonemessagesproperlyattention練習(xí)二：西南位育中學(xué)D.Readthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperwords（在短文的空格內(nèi)填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，使其內(nèi)容通順，每空格限填一詞，首字母已給）:（14分）Thewholefamilyobjected（拒絕）stronglywhenIsaidIwasgoingtoEuropeovertheChristmasholidayswithacollegefriendofm___92___.Mothersaidthatsincetherewasgoingtobeafamilyreunion（團聚）Ireallyo___93___tostayathome.AlthoughIalwaysenjoyedtheseoccasions（場合）,nobodycouldpersuademetochangemymind.AweekbeforeChristmas,myfriendandIflewtoMadridandthentraveledbytrainthroughSpain,FranceandGermany.OnChristmasEvewearrivedatasmalltowninsouthernGermanyandweregreatlysurprisedtofindsomanya___94___inthetown.Thestreetswerec___95___withpeople,andtheshopswerefullofallkindsofinterestingthings.WewalkedaroundforhoursandjustbeforemidnightwewenttolistentoChristmassongssungbychildrenaroundthebrightlylightedtreeinthemainsquare.Wereturnedtoourhotellatethatnight,lookingforwardtothenextdaywhenweplannedtohaveChristmasd___96___atthebestrestaurantinthetown.However,inthemorningnopeopleweretobeseeninthestreet.Tomakethematterworse,everyshopwascloseduptight,eventherestaurants.Wesearcheduselesslyforhoursandfinallyhadtoreturntoourhotelfeelingunhappyandl___97___.OurChristmasmealwasabagoffruitthatmyfriendhadhappenedtobuythedaybefore.Ourthoughtsadlyturnedtoh___98___.Atthatmoment,ourfamiliesmusthavebeenwish