八年級英語下冊第4單元重點短與重點語法解析

八年級英語下冊第4單元重點短與重點語法解析Unit4Whydon'tyoutalktoyourparents?一、重點短語havefreetime有空閑時間allowsb.todosth.允許某人做某事hangoutwithsb,與某人閑逛after-schoolclasses課外活動課getintoafightwithsb.與某人吵架/打架untilmidnight直至I半夜talktosb.與某人交談toomany太多studytoomuch學得過多getenoughsleep有足夠的睡眠writesb.aletter給某人寫信callsb.up打電話給某人surprisesb.令某人驚訝lookthrough翻看beangrywithsb.生某人的氣abigdeal重要的事workout成功地發(fā)展;解決getonwith和睦相處;關系良好Sheforgottoclosethewindow.(l)beafraidofdoingsth.害怕/擔心某事(往往是自己無法左史的事情)發(fā)生e.g.Iwasafraidofhurtinghisfeelings.beafraidtodosht.害怕做某事(3)beafraidofsb./sth.害怕某人/某事【同】beterrifiedofsb./sth/beafraidthat….主語恐怕/想/認為…(常用于表示歉意戒客氣,that可以省略)stayhealthy=keephealthy/fit保持健康keep/beingoodhealth=havegoodhealth身體健康bebad/poorhealth身體不好/差/不佳beamemberof+團體是.…的一位成員，常用于現(xiàn)在完成時,join+團體,常用于一般過去時，e.g.HejoinedthePartytenyearsago.=HehasbeenamemberofthePartyfor10petewith/againstsb.和某人競爭competewith/againstsb.forsth.未得到某物不某人競爭*competitionn.競爭none'sopinion根據(jù)某人的意見haveagood/badopinionofsb./sth.對某人/某物評價好/壞17.another,theother,theothers,others)another同類事物(三個或三個以上)中的“另一個"，表示不確定數(shù)目中的“另一個''e.g.Idon'tlikethisbook;pleasegivemeanotherone.(2)one…theother一個...另一個，theother…(特指兩個中的“另一個”)e.g.Ihavetwopens.Oneisred,theotherisblue.)theothers強調在一定范圍內(nèi)的“其他全部”e.g.Therearefiftystudentsinourclass.Twentyofthemarefromthecountryside,andothersarefromthecity.)others泛指“別人”，還可以指“其他的人/物''，指不確定的另一部分(并非全部)e.goHeismyfriend,whoisalwaysreadytohelpothers.)others=other+名詞復數(shù)the+姓氏復數(shù)指“…夫婦二人/…一家人”在句中作主語時謂語動詞用復數(shù)。e.g.TheSmithsenjoyslivinginChina.not…until…直到…才...，常不非延續(xù)性動詞違用，如go,come,finish,stop,open.closejeave等。until用于肯定句，意為“直到…為止、謂語動詞一般是延續(xù)性的，如live,work,stay,wait,leave等。e.g.You'dbetterstayinbeduntilnextMonday.(2)當主句表示將來的動作時91mti1引尋的時間狀語仍句通常用一般現(xiàn)在時e.g.Filwaitforyouthereuntilyouarrive.(l)continuedoingsth.=goondoingsth.繼續(xù)做某事，原來的事情，e.g.Hecontinuedwritingafterdinner.(2)continuetodosth.繼續(xù)做某事，停止另一件事。e.g.AfterreadingChinese,lefscontinuetoreadEnglish.(3)continuewithsth.繼續(xù)作某事e.g.We'llcontinuewithourwork.(1)sendsb.to…送某人去…e.g.Hesenthissontoagoodschool.(2)sendsb.+賓語補語使某人出于某種狀態(tài)e.g.Thebadnewssenthimsad.(3)sendfor+sb.派人去請…e.g.We'dbettersendfbradoctor.(4)sendaway派遣，送出，解雇，把…送往...處e.g.Hesentawayhisservan^^bA).(5)sendup發(fā)射(火箭，衛(wèi)星，飛船等)e.g.Chinasentupherfirstman-madesatelliteintospacein1970.(6)sendoff寄出，給…送行e.g.HaveyousentoffKate5sbirthdaypresent?.bealwaysdoingsth.總是做某事(并不強調動作正在進行，而是表示說話人的“贊嘆、不滿、厭煩”等情緒，帶有強烈的感情色彩)。e.g.Sheisalwaysaskingfbrleave.Sheisalwaysthinkingofhowshecandomoreforpeople.*always不not違用，表示部分否定,意思是“不總是,總不是“e.g.Thericharenotalwayshappy..(l)compare…with…把…與…相比較。e.g.IfyoucompareMarx'sworkswithHegel's,you'llfindmanydifferences.(2)compare...to...把....比作....e.g.Ateacher'sworkisoftencomparedtoacandle..causesb.todosth.導致某人做某事e.g.Carelesscausedhimtofailtheexam..advice和suggestion(l)advice不可數(shù)名詞：一般指帶有指教性的“意見”或“勸告”,如教師對學生的“指教”和醫(yī)生對患考的“囑咐”等Oe.g.Onhisdoctor'sadvice,hewentonhistravels.suggestion可數(shù)名詞：指對某件事哇某個問題,尤其是為改進工作或解決困難等而提出的“意見”或“建議”，這種“意見”吐“建議”并非一定正確過有價值。與advice相比，它的語氣較為委婉。e.g.Father'ssuggestionsaregreatvaluablefbrme.fightalot經(jīng)常吵架/打架hangover籠罩refusetodosth.拒絕做某事offertodosth.主動提出做某事sothat以便mindsb.doingsth.介意某人做某事allthetime一直infuture今后makesb.angry使某人生氣worryaboutsth.擔心某事copyone'shomework抄襲某人的作業(yè)beoneself估攵自己familymembers家庭成員spendtimealone獨自消磨時光givesb.pressure給某人施壓haveafightwithsb.與某人吵架competewithsb.與某人競爭freetimeactivities業(yè)余活動getbettergrades取得更好的成績giveone'sopinion提出某人的觀點learnexamskills學習應試技巧practicesports體育訓練causestress造成壓力cutout刪除二、重點句型Youlooktired.What'sthematter?你看上去很累，怎么了，Whydon'tyougotosleepearlierthisevening?今天晚上你為什么不早點兒睡呢？Whatshouldhedo,他該怎么辦呢，Heshouldtalktohisfriendssothathecansayhe'ssorry.他應該和他的朋友們談談，以便于他能說他很抱歉。Maybeyoucouldgotohishouse.或許你能去他家。1guessIcould,butIdon'twanttosurprisehim.我向我不能，但是我不想驚動他。Youareafraidofspeakinginfrontofpeopl已你害怕在眾人前面說話。Whatdoyouthinkofafterschoolactivities?你認為課夕卜活動怎么樣？Thetiredchildrendon'tgethomeuntilafter7:00p.m.這些疲勞的孩子直到晚上七點后才回家。三、重點語法：.討論問題的常用句式：Whafsthematter?WhatshouldIdo?Maybeyoushould Heshould.提出建議的表達方式Whydon'tyou...?/Whynot...?何不.…呢,（后接動i司原形）e.g.Whydon'tyouhaveapicnicwithus?=Whynothaveapicnicwithus?Howabout….?/Whatabout…？…呢,（后接名詞、代詞、動名詞）e.g.How/Howaboutthisbluescarf?YouMbetter（not）do...你最好（不要）作某事e.g.You'dbettertakeoffyourcoat.You'dbetternotsmokehere.Lefs...,shallwe?讓我們...，好嗎,（Let's后面接動詞原形）e.g.Let'smakethechildrentothepark,shallwe?Shallwe/I...?我（們）好嗎，（后接動詞原形）e.g.Shallwegoboating?Wouldyoulike...?你（們）想要嗎，（后接名詞或動詞不定式）e.g.Wouldyoulikeacupofcoffee?Wouldyouliketogoshoppingwithus?Wouldyouplease...?請你好嗎，e.g.Wouldyoupleaseturndowntheradio?（三）回答建議的表達方式.同意對方建議：Goodidea./Thafsagoodidea,好主意。/那是個好主意。OK./Allright.好的。Yes,please./Tdloveto.好的。/我愿意。Noproblem.沒問題。Iagreewithyou.我同意你的觀點。Sure./Ofcourse./Certainly.當然。Yes,Ithinkso/1will.是的，我想是這樣的。/我會的。.對對方的幫助或要求表示委婉拒絕Idon'tthinkso./Sorry,Icant/Sorry,but...我不是這樣認為。/對不起，我不能。/抱歉，但是…rdlove/liketo,but.../I'mafraid...我很愿意，但是…/恐怕…四、練習(一)，用所給詞的適當形式填空：Whydon'tyou(go)shoppingthisSunday.Howabout(drink)acupofcoffee.3.You'dbetter(turn)downtheradio.Wouldyouline(have)dinnerwithus?Let's(take)theoldmantothehospital.Wouldyouplease(open)thewindow?Shallwe(watch)themovietonight?Whynot(raise)moneyfbrthepoorchildren?Wouldyoumind(close)thewindow?10.Whatabout(play)soccerafterschool?(二)選擇題：-Wouldyouliketogofbrawalkwithme?—?ButIhavetocleanthelivingroomfirst.A.Yes,IwouldB.No,Iwouldn'tC.SorryD.Yes,I'dloveto.-Whatafineday?Let'sgofishing.—.Whenshallwego?A.VerywellB.Goodidea.C.Welldone.D.Mypleasure.Let'sanoise,someoneissleeping.A.notmakeB.nomakingC.nottomake一Ihaveatoothache.WhatshouldIdo?—.A.Luckyyou!B.You'dbetterworkhard?C.Whynotseeadentist?t'sgettingdark.You'dbetteroutbyyourself.It'sdangerous.A.notgoB.nottogoC.togo四、重點知識點：l.(l)allowsb.todosth.允許某人作某事e.g.Myteacherdon'tallowustcutinline.(2)allowdoingsth.允許做某事e.g.Thecinemadoesn'tallowsmoking.(3)beallowedtodosth.被允許做某事e.g.Weareallowedtomakeposterbyourselves.(l)begoodat十名1司/d弋力司/doing［近］dowellin;bestrongate.g.Someofusaregoodatswimming.=Someofusdowellinswimming.=Someofusarestrongatswimming.begoodfor對有益/好處［反］bebadfor又寸…有害begoodto對好/和善/慈愛.半系動詞：(1)表示“變化”:become,get,go,grow,turn,fall等⑵表示“感官taste,sound,look主語只能是物feel主語可以是人，也可以是物(3)表示"猜測”:look,seem,appear看上去，似乎(4)表示“保持"：keep,stay..(l)findsb.doingsth.發(fā)現(xiàn)某人正在作某事e.g.Mr.WangfoundLiDongreadingastory-bookintheclass.findsb.dosth.看見過某人做過某事e.g.Ifoundababycryingonthefloorjustnow..although/though引導讓步狀語從句，不能和but連用，但是可以和yet/still一^使用。e.g.Althoughheisverypoor,heisreadytohelpothers..(1)geton/alongwithsb.和某人相處e.g.Hegetsonwellwithhisboss.getonwithsth.表示“某事進展/進行”的意思e.g.Howareyougettingonwithyourstudied?7.argue爭論,爭吵(根據(jù)一定的理由想要說服他人)arguewithsb.aboutsth.為某事與某人爭吵(quarrelwithsb.與某人爭吵)e.g.Todoingsth.盡力勸說某人做某事e.g.Wearguedhimintotravellingwithus.*argumentn.爭論haveanargumentwithsb.與某人辯論"discussvt.討論discussthematter=haveadiscussionabout/on/ofthematter8.elder和older:olderadj.可用于人或物。用于人時，指實際