U4+Discovering+useful+stuctures同步課件【高效備課精研+知識精講提升】 高中英語同步備課堂（人教版2019）（必修第一冊）

Unit4NaturalDisastersPeriod3DiscoveringUsefulStructures定語從句2TheAttributiveClause定語從句之關(guān)系代詞學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)：1.定語從句的特殊用法。2.定語從句中關(guān)系代詞的作用。學(xué)習(xí)重難點：1.定語從句結(jié)構(gòu)的分析。2.定語從句關(guān)系代詞的選擇。Themanwhoranfastest

先行詞(antecedent)關(guān)系詞(relatives)定語從句(AttributiveClause)一、先行詞：定語從句修飾的名詞或者代詞二、定語從句：修飾名詞或代詞的句子三、關(guān)系詞（thatwhowhomwhichwhosewherewhenwhy）

指代先行詞在定語從句中擔(dān)任成分引導(dǎo)定語從句關(guān)系詞的作用關(guān)系詞的選擇看在從句中所做成分看指代人或物Theman

whogavemeanappleisateacher.IlovethestorythatAmywroteyesterday找出先行詞、關(guān)系詞、定語從句1.Sheisagirlwho/thatisalwayshelpingothers.Sheisagirlwho/thatisalwayshelpingothers.

先行詞指人，在從句中做主語，關(guān)系代詞用who/that2.Themanwho/whom/that

yousawjustnowisourmanager.

Themanwho/whom/thatyousawjustnowisourmanager.

先行詞指人，在從句中做賓語，關(guān)系代詞用who/whom/that/省略3.

Don'tcutdownthetreewhich/thatgivesyoushade(陰涼).Don'tcutdownthetree

which/thatgivesyoushade(陰涼).

先行詞指物，在從句中做主語，關(guān)系代詞用which/that4.Thisisthebookwhich/that

Iboughtyesterday.Thisisthebook

which/thatIboughtyesterday.

先行詞指物，在從句中做賓語，關(guān)系代詞用which/that/省略先行詞主語

用who/that賓語

用who/whom/that/省略主語

用which/that人物賓語

用which/that/省略注意:1.先行詞一定是名詞或者是代詞.2.關(guān)系詞處在先行詞和定語從句之間3.從句一般情況下都緊在先行詞之后.2關(guān)系詞之重難點辨析Iwanttobeadetective.宜用

that

不宜用which引導(dǎo)定語從句的情況①當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時。

ThisisthemostexcitingfilmthatIhaveeverseen.這是我看過的最令人興奮的電影。②當(dāng)先行詞是all，little，few，much，any，everything，anything，nothing，none

等不定代詞或被不定代詞修飾時。

Allthatweneededistime我們所需要的只有時間③當(dāng)先行詞被theonly，thevery，thelast，thesame等修飾時。ThisistheonlybookthatIwanttoread.這是我唯一想讀的一本書。④當(dāng)先行詞既包括人又包括物時。Theytalkedofthingsandpersons

thattheyremembered.他們談?wù)撝麄冇浀玫娜撕褪?。⑤?dāng)主句是以which開頭的特殊疑問句時。Whicharethebooksthatyouboughtforme?哪些是你買給我的書？用which不用that的情況①關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時。Thehouse

inwhichIusedtolivehasbecomeashoeshop.我過去住的房子現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)變成了一家鞋店。②在非限制性定語從句中。Haveyoueverreadthebook，whichwaswrittenbyayounggirl?你讀過這本由一個年輕女孩寫的書了嗎？③先行詞本身就是that時。What’sthat

whichflashedintheskyjustnow?剛才在天空中一閃而過的是什么？④關(guān)系代詞后有插入語時。HereistheEnglishgrammarbookwhich，Ithink，canhelpimproveyourEnglish.這就是那本我認(rèn)為能幫你提高英語水平的英語語法書。1.Thisisall____Iknowaboutthematter.A.thatB.whatC.whoD.whether2.Isthereanything

else_____yourequire?A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what3.Thelastplace_____wevisitedwastheGreatWall.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it考點一:that與which的區(qū)別4.

Hetalkedhappilyaboutthemenandbooks_____interestedhimgreatlyintheschool.A.whichB.thatC.itD.whom5.Thereisnodictionary_____youcanfindeverything.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.inthat6.Isoxygentheonlygas_____helpsfireburn?A.thatB./C.whichD.it7.Whichwasthehotel_____wasrecommendedtoyou?A.thatB.whichC.whereD.it先行詞為人和物的組合先行詞被all,little,much,every,no,等修飾時先行詞被序數(shù)詞或最高級修飾；先行詞前有序數(shù)詞(thefirst),形容詞最高級(thebest),thelast,thevery,theonly等時。若主句中有疑問代詞who或者which，為了避免重復(fù),關(guān)系代詞不要再用who,which，而用that。用who不用that引導(dǎo)定語從句的情況①先行詞是指人的不定代詞

one/ones/anyone/noone/nobody/anybody/none/all

Anyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished.任何觸犯法律的人都應(yīng)受到懲罰。②在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中，先行詞是人時。Thereisamanwhowantstoseeyou.有個人想見你。③當(dāng)先行詞是people和those時。Thosewholearnnotonlyfromthebooksbutalsothroughpracticewillsucceed.從書本和實踐中學(xué)習(xí)的人將會成功。④一個句子中帶有兩個定語從句，其中一個定語從句的關(guān)系代詞是that，另一個宜用who。Thestudentthatwonfirstprizeisthemonitorwhoworkshard.獲得第一名的學(xué)生是努力學(xué)習(xí)的班長。（5）當(dāng)先行詞是I，you，he，they等人稱代詞時(常用于諺語中)。Hewhodoesn’treachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.不到長城非好漢。單句語法填空并作出簡要分析（1）Thefirstthing________

youshoulddoiscallthepolicerightaway.（2）Football，________

isaninterestinggame，isverypopularallovertheworld.（3）Thisisthemostdeliciousfood________

Ihaveeverhad.（4）Thestudentsyoushouldlearnfromarethose________

graduatedfromfamousuniversities.（5）All________

canbedonehasbeendone.（6）Thereisayounglady________

isinastateofshock.（7）Tellmeeverything________

youknow.（8）That________

youtoldhimiswhatwewanttoknow.thatwhichthat不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句that先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾who先行詞是those（指人）that先行詞是allwhotherebe結(jié)構(gòu)中，先行詞是人先行詞是everything先行詞本身是thatwhichthatwhose關(guān)系代詞（關(guān)系形容詞）既可指人又可指物，意為“…的”

在定語從句中作定語。Sheisthegirlwhosebrotherisstudyingabroad（指人，女孩的兄弟在國外學(xué)習(xí)）Theroomwhosewindowfacessouthisperfect（指物，房間的窗戶朝南）Pleasepassmethebookwhosecoverisgreen.（指物，書的封皮是綠色）Thisisthepersonwhosestorysurprisedeverybody.Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokencanhold40students.whose=ofwhich(指物)=ofwhom（指人）Sheisthegirlwhosebrotherisstudyingabroad=Sheisthegirlofwhombrother

isstudyingabroad=Sheisthegirl

brotherofwhom

isstudyingabroadPleasepassmethebookwhosecoverisgreen.=Pleasepassmethebook

ofwhichcover

isgreen.=Pleasepassmethebookcoverofwhich

isgreen.Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokencanhold40students.=Theclassroomofwhichdoorisbrokencanhold40students.=Theclassroom

doorofwhichisbrokencanhold40students.3使用定語從句的注意事項（1）關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語，定語從句謂語動詞要和先行詞的數(shù)保持一致。Theboywhoisreadingthestoryismybrother.正在讀這個故事的那個男孩是我弟弟。【誤區(qū)警示】“oneof

＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作先行詞，從句謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；“theonlyoneof

＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作先行詞，從句謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。Thisisoneoftheroomsthatarefreenow.這是目前空著的房間之一。Heistheonlyoneofthoseworkerswhoisabletodothisjob.他是那些工人中唯一能做此工作的人。（2）為避免關(guān)系詞的重復(fù)，被關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞不可在從句中重復(fù)出現(xiàn)。也不能出現(xiàn)能替代的代詞Thisisthefactorywhichwevisitedyesterday.這是我們昨天參觀的工廠Thefilmthat/whichwesawitlastnightwasveryfrightening.Thefilm(that/which)wesawlastnightwasveryfrightening.錯誤正確

（3）關(guān)系代詞省略關(guān)系代詞作賓語時可以省略，作主語時不能省略。Theservice（which/that）thestudentscomplainaboutshouldbeimproved.

學(xué)生們抱怨的服務(wù)應(yīng)該改進(jìn)。Doyourememberthefactory

thatwasbuiltlastyear

inyourhometown?你還記得你家鄉(xiāng)去年建的那個工廠嗎？

作動詞賓語的關(guān)系代詞可以省略，不直接位于介詞后的賓語可省略；

直接位于介詞后，不能省略。Itisafamousschoolfromwhichhegraduated3yearsago.Itisafamousschool（which）

hegraduatedfrom3yearsago.which在非限制性定語從句中不能省略。Thisisthehouse（which）weboughtlastmonth.這是我們上個月買的那幢房子。Thehouse，whichweboughtlastmonthisverynice.這幢房子很漂亮，是我們上個月買的。（非限制性）

單句語法填空（1）Theoldtownhassmallhousesthat________（be）builtclosetoeachother.（2）I’mfondofthepieceofmusicwhich________（be）popularwiththeteenagers.（3）Heisoneofthestudentswho________（have）agoodcommandofFrench.（4）Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho________（have）agoodcommandofFrench.areishavehas1.Wedon’tknowthenumberofpeoplelosttheirhomesinthedisaster.2.ThosewanttogototheEnglishpartymustbeattheschoolgateby7∶30pm.3.ThefirstmuseumhevisitedinChinawastheHistoryMuseum.4.Thefilmyouarelookingforwardtoseeingwillbeontomorrow.5.Iknowthepersonhousewasdestroyedintheearthquake.6.ItisthetallestbuildingDaminghasseenever