英語被動語態(tài)

英語被動語態(tài)英語被動語態(tài)【知識總結歸納】一.概念：表示動作與主語之間是被動關系的句子是被動語態(tài)。二.主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)之間如何轉換WeVisitedthatfactorylastsummer主動語態(tài)主語謂語賓語狀語Thatfactorywasvisitedbyuslastsummer被動語態(tài)主語謂語賓語狀語熟練轉換A．將主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的基本方法為：①將主動語態(tài)的賓語作被動語態(tài)的主語；②謂語動詞變?yōu)椤癰e＋及物動詞的過去分詞”，并通過be的變化來表達出不同的時態(tài)；③主動語態(tài)的主語變?yōu)榻樵~by的賓語，組成介詞短語放在被動結構中的謂語動詞之后。（有時by短語可以省略）。2．被動語態(tài)的一般疑問句是將一個助動詞置于主語之前；否定句是在第一個助動詞后加not；特殊疑問句的語序為：疑問詞＋一般疑問句。例如：①Youmustthrowthebrokenpotteryawayatonce．Thebrokenpottery________________________atonce．（同義句）（填mustbethrownaway）②Wheredidtheygrowvegetables？（改為被動語態(tài)）Where______vegetables______？（填were；grown）B.被動語態(tài)的使用1.當不知道或沒有必要指出動作的執(zhí)行者時，常用被動語態(tài)，這時往往不用by短語?！癕r.White,thecupwasbrokenafterclass.”2.突出或強調動作的承受者，如果需要說出動作的執(zhí)行者，用by短語。TheserecordsweremadebyJohnDenver.ThecupwasbrokenbyPaul.3.當漢語句子的主語既不是動作的執(zhí)行者，也不是動作的承受者時，這時常用in+名詞作狀語，而代替by短語。ThesecarsweremadeinChina.英語被動語態(tài)全文共10頁，當前為第1頁。三.各種不同時態(tài)的主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)的對比英語被動語態(tài)全文共10頁，當前為第1頁。時態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時am/is/are+P.P.（1）DotheyspeakFrench?（2）Theydon’tusetheroom.IsFrenchspokenbythem?Theroomisn’tusedbythem.一般過去時was/were+p.p.（1）Thehunterkilledatiger.（2）Hewrotemanystorieslastyear.Atigerwaskilledbythehunter.Manystorieswaswrittenbyhimlastyear.現(xiàn)在進行時am/is/are+being+p.p.（1）Theseworkersarebuildinganewbridge.（2）Heismendinghiscar.Anewbridgeisbeingbuiltbytheseworkers.Hiscarisbeingmendedbyhim.過去進行時was/were+being+p.p.（1）Hewassellingbooks.（2）Theywerediscussingtheplanatthattime.Bookswerebeingbuiltbyhim.Theplanwasbeingdiscussedbythematthattime.現(xiàn)在完成時have/has+been+p.p.（1）ShehaslearnedmanyEnglishwords.（2）Hehasfinishedthework.ManyEnglishwordshavebeenlearnedbyher.Theworkhasbeenfinishedbyhim.過去完成時had+been+p.p.（1）Theyhassolvedtheproblem.（2）Wehadtoldhimthenewsbythen.Theproblemhadbeensolvedbythem.Thenewshadbeentoldtohimbyus.一般將來時shall/willbe+p.p.（1）Ishallmakeaplan.（2）Theyaregoingtofixtheradioinanhour.Aplanwillbemadebyme.Theradioisgoingtobefixedbytheminanhour.過去將來時wouldbe+p.p.was/weregoingtobe+p.p.（1）Hetoldmetheywouldpainttheroom.（2）Theyweregoingtoputonaplaythenextweek.Hetoldmetheroomwouldbepaintedbythem.Aplaywasgoingtobeputbythemthenextweek.情態(tài)動詞can/may/must/should+be+p.p.（1）Weshouldhandinourhomework.（2）YoumustanswerthequestioninEnglish.Ourhomeworkshouldbehandedinbyus.ThequestionmustbeansweredinEnglishbyyou.四.如何正確使用被動語態(tài)1.含雙賓語的主動結構變?yōu)楸粍咏Y構時，有兩種方法：①將間接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，直接賓語保持不變；②將直接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，間接賓語用介詞to或for引導。例如：①Heoftentellsusinterestingstories.（主動語態(tài)）（被動語態(tài)）②Hermothergaveheranewpen．（變被動語態(tài)）Anewpen__________________herbyhermother．（填wasgivento）▲1.一般在下列動詞后，常在間接賓語前用介詞to，如：英語被動語態(tài)全文共10頁，當前為第2頁。bring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,pay,promise,sell,show,take,teach,tell等。英語被動語態(tài)全文共10頁，當前為第2頁。(1)Thebookwasshowedtotheclass.(2)Mybikewaslenttoher.2.一般在下列動詞后，間接賓語前用介詞for,如：build,buy,cook,cut,choose,do,fetch,find,fix,get,keep,make,order,paint,play,sing等。(1)Anewskirtwasmadeforme(2)Themeatwascookedforus.2.在主動語態(tài)中，某些動詞之后帶有復合賓語，即賓語和賓語補足語，這個復合賓語由動詞不定式來充當，to被省略，但在被動語態(tài)中，這個to還要還原。eg.Ioftenhearhersingthispopularsong.（主動語態(tài)）Sheisoftenheardtosingthispopularsong.（被動語態(tài)）此類用法常用動詞有：make,let,see,hear,watch,feel,noticelistento,lookat，等。3.有些“be+過去分詞”的結構并不是被動語態(tài)，它們有可能是“系表結構（即系動詞之后由過去分詞來充當表語）?！北容^：（1）

（2）4.只有及物動詞和可有賓語的動詞+介詞詞組才可以有被動語態(tài)。eg.五．注意特例將主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)應注意幾個特殊情況：1.短語動詞的被動語態(tài)：在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，要將短語動詞視為一個整體，其后的介詞或副詞不能省去。如:agreeto,askfor,laughat,operatedon,listento,lookafter,thinkof,talkabout,bringabout,carryout,findout,giveup,handin,makeout,passon,pointout,putaway,putoff,thinkover,turndown,workout,turnout等。例如：①Thisdictionarymustn't______fromthelibrary．A．takeawayB．takenawayC．aretakenawayD．betakenaway［D］②Shewilltakegoodcareofthechildren．（變被動語態(tài)）Thechildrenwill______________________________（byher）．（填betakengoodcareof）英語被動語態(tài)全文共10頁，當前為第3頁。2．含有復合賓語的主動結構變被動結構時，通常將賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z，而賓語補足語就成為主語補足語。注意：省略to的不定式作賓補時，不定式符號to必須補上。例如：英語被動語態(tài)全文共10頁，當前為第3頁。SomeonesawhimswiminQianlingLakeyesterday．（變被動He__________________swiminQianlingLakeyesterday．（填wasseento）3．不定式的被動結構：動詞不定式的被動語態(tài)為“tobe＋過去分詞”。例如：Theradiosaysawildanimalzooisto______inourcity．A．bebuildingB．buildC．bebuiltD．built［C］4．以who為主語開頭的疑問句，變被動時，用bywhom放在句首：Whowrotethestory?誤：Whowasthestorywritten?正：Bywhomwasthestorywritten?5.當主動句的主語是nobody,noone等含有否定意義的不定代詞時，被動句中將其變?yōu)閍nybody,作by的賓語，并將謂語動詞變?yōu)榉穸ǖ谋粍诱Z態(tài)。如：Nobodycananswerthisquestion.誤：Thequestioncanbeansweredbynobody.正：Thequestioncannotbeansweredbyanybody.6.當否定句中的賓語是anything,anybody,anyone等不定代詞時，在被動句中應將其分別變?yōu)閚othing,nobody,noone作主語，并將謂語動詞變?yōu)榭隙ǖ谋粍诱Z態(tài)。如：Theyhaven'tdoneanythingtomaketheriverclean.誤：Anythinghasn'tbeendonetomaketheriverclean.正：Nothinghasbeendonetomaketheriverclean.7.有些動詞既是及物又是不及物，當它們和well,badly,easily等副詞連用時，表示主語內在品質或性能，是不及物動詞，用主動表示被動，這時不用被動語態(tài)，常見的有：write,read,clean,sell,wash,cook等。如：(1)Theclothwasheseasily.這布很好洗。(2)Thenewproductsellswell.這新產品很暢銷8.下列情況主動句不能改為被動句：第一，感官系動詞一般用主動形式表示被動意義，如：feel，look,seem,taste,sound,remain等。(1)—Doyoulikethematerial?—Yes,itfeelsverysoft.誤：Itisfeltverysoft.(2)Thefoodtastesdelicious.誤：Thefoodistasteddelicious.(3)Thepopmusicsoundsbeautiful.誤：Thepopmusicissoundedbeautiful.第二，謂語是及物動詞leave,enter,reach,suit,have,benefit,lack,own等。如：Heenteredtheroomandgothisbook.誤：Theroomwasenteredandhisbookwasgot.Shehadherhandburned.誤：Herhandwashadburned.英語被動語態(tài)全文共10頁，當前為第4頁。第三，一些不及物動詞短語沒有被動語態(tài)，如：takeplace,breakout,belongto,loseheart,consistof,addupto等。如：英語被動語態(tài)全文共10頁，當前為第4頁。Thefirebrokeoutinthecapitalbuilding.誤：Thefirewasbrokeoutinthecapitalbuilding.第四，不及物動詞沒有被動語態(tài)，如：rise,happen,succeed,remain,lie等。Whenwegottothetopofthemountain,thesunhadalreadyrisen.誤：Thesunhadalreadybeenrisen.Aftertheearthquake,fewhousesremained.誤：Aftertheearthquake,fewhouseswereremained.第五，賓語是反身代詞，相互代詞，同源賓語，不定式，v-ing形式及抽象名詞等，不能變?yōu)楸粍泳渥拥闹髡Z，如：ItaughtmyselfEnglish.誤：MyselfwastaughtEnglish.Weloveeachother.誤：Eachotherisloved.六．注意區(qū)別被動語態(tài)和過去分詞作表語的區(qū)別：1）含義不同：被動語態(tài)強調動作，重點說明動作由誰完成、怎樣完成；而過去分詞作表語通常用來描寫情景，敘述人或事物的特征及所處的狀態(tài)。試比較：Thewindowisbroken．窗子破了。（系表結構）Thewindowisbrokenbyhim．窗子被他打破了。（被動語態(tài)）2）用法不同：過去分詞作表語時可以被so，very，too等程度副詞修飾，而被動語態(tài)則不能用so，very，too修飾，而需用much，verymuch，somuch，toomuch修飾。試比較：Hewasveryinterestedinscience．他對科學有極大興趣。（系表結構）IwassomuchsurprisedatthescenethatIdidn'tknowwhattodo．我被那種場面搞得大吃一驚，不知所措。（被動語態(tài)）七．牢記（相關）句型教材中與被動語態(tài)相關的句型有：1．becoveredwith被……覆蓋2．bemadeof由……制作（發(fā)生物理變化）bemadefrom由……制作（發(fā)生化學變化）bemadein由（某地）制造bemadeby被（某人）制造3．beusedfor被用來……beusedas被當作（作為）……來使用beusedtodosth．被用來做某事4．Itisreportedthat…據(jù)報導……Itissupposedthat…據(jù)推測……Itisgenerallyconsideredthat…普遍認為……Itissuggestedthat…有人建議……Itissaidthat．．．據(jù)說……Itishopedthat．．．希望……Itiswellknownthat．．．眾所周知……例如：英語被動語態(tài)全文共10頁，當前為第5頁。①—Yourcoatlooksnice．Isit______cotton？英語被動語態(tài)全文共10頁，當前為第5頁?！猋es．It'sShanghai．A．madeof；madebyB．madeof；madeinC．madefor；madebyD．madefor；madein［B］②Thismachineisused______theroomwet．A．forkeepingB．askeepingC．keepD．tokeeping［A］③據(jù)說在南京長江上又在建一座橋。__________________that____________isbeing______overtheChangjiangRiverinNanjing．（填Itissaid；anotherbridge；built）【實戰(zhàn)模擬】一.選擇填空1.TheriverssmellsterriblePeoplemustdirtythingsintoit.A.bestoppedtothrowB.bestoppedfromthrowingC.stoptothrowD.stopformthrowing2.PaperfirstinventedinChina.A.isB.areC.wasD.were3.—Doyouliketheflower?—Yes,itsweet.A.issmellingB.smeltC.issmeltD.smells4.Itsnowedheavilylastnight.Thegroundthicksnow.A.wascoveredwithB.wasfilledwithC.wasmadeofD.coveredwith5.Thelightintheroombeforeyouleave.A.mustturnofB.willturnoffC.areturnedD.mustbeturnedoff6.thekindofquestionofteninyourclass,Ann?A.Does,askB.Is,askedC.Has,askedD.Will,ask7.Thebridgeinthreeweeks.A.willbuildB.isbuiltC.willbebuiltD.builds8.Theoldmenandthechildrenmustinourcountry.A.takegoodcareB.betakengoodcareC.takegoodcareofD.betakengoodcareof9.Pauldoesn’thavetobemadeHealwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning10.Thegirlwasunhappybecauseshebysomeboysintheclass.A.islaughedB.waslaughedC.laughedatD.waslaughedat11.WethattheEnglishtestnextMonday.A.aretold,givesB.tell,willgiveC.aretold,willbegivenD.told,isgoingtobegiven12.GreatchangesplaceinChinasince1978.英語被動語態(tài)全文共10頁，當前為第6頁。A.havebeentakenB.havetakenC.hasbeentakenD.took英語被動語態(tài)全文共10頁，當前為第6頁。13.theredpencil-boxbyyourfatherlastweek?A.Has,boughtB.Was,boughtC.Does,buyD.Did,buy14.Marymanysongsattheparty.A.heardsingB.heardtosingC.washeardsingD.washeardtosing15.treesusuallyinApril?A.Have,plantedB.Are,plantedC.Do,plantD.Were,planted16.Whenwegotthere,thebrokenroadrepaired.A.isbeingB.wasbeingC.hasbeenD./17.Thewindowsoftheroomonceaweek.A.hasbeencleanedB.iscleanedC.arecleanedD.arecleaning18.In1620,abouthalftheUSAforests.A.wascoveredB.wascoveredbyC.werefilledwithD.coveredwith19.Theyoungtreethestick.A.shouldbetiedtoB.mustbetiedbyC.shouldtietoD.canbetiedwith20.Apresentmebymyfriendonmybirthday.A.isgivingB.wasgiventoC.isgivenforD.willgiveto21.Bywasthebook?A.who,wroteB.whom,writeC.whom,writtenD.whom,writing22.Filmsaboutcrimeandviolence（暴力與犯罪）byyoungchildren.A.shouldnotseeB.shouldbenotseenC.shouldnotbeseenD.shouldbeseen23.Inwarmweatherfruitandmeatlong.A.can’tbekeptB.don’tkeepC.isnotkeptD.aren’tkeeping24.Halftheworld’stelephonecallsinEnglish.A.aremadeB.aremakingC.makeD.ismade25.Thatbuildingnow.A.isbuildingB.isbuiltC.isbeingbuiltD.builds26.ThetreesinourschooleveryFridayafternoon.A.arewateredB.arewateringC.havewateredD.water27.More“GreatGreenWalls”mustallovertheworld.A.buildB.arebuiltC.bebuildingD.bebuilt28.Hisschoolbagbyawomantenminutesago.A.tookawayB.wastakenawayC.wastakenoffD.istaken29.Itthatsheveryclever.A.wassaid,isB.wassaid,wereC.issaid,isD.issaid,isbeing30.Yesterdayavisitorsomethingabouthishometown.A.wasaskedB.wasaskingC.isaskedD.asked31.Doyoulikethiskindofpaper?Yes,itverynice.A.isfeltB.feltC.isfeelingD.feels32.Thesebookswell.A.sellsB.arebeingsoldC.aresoldD.sell33.Theboylostonhiswayhomeyesterday.A.gotB.isC.getsD.has英語被動語態(tài)全文共10頁，當前為第7頁。34.Thoughthecoatisabitlargenow,itmeverysoon.英語被動語態(tài)全文共10頁，當前為第7頁。A.willbefitB.willfitC.fitD.fits35.Footballeverywhereintheworld.A.isplayedB.playC.isplayingD.plays36.Everybodyherewasapresent.A.gaveB.givenC.TogiveD.Giving37.Anewfactoryinourcitylastyear.A.builtB.hasbuiltC.wasbuiltD.isbuilding38.Alltreesmustwellwhenitisdry.A.bewateredB.arewateredC.waterD.bewatering39.Thisshirtsilk.A.mustbemadeinB.makebyC.mustbemadeofD.mustbemadeby40.Thesebooksgoodcareof.A.musttakenB.musttakeC.havetotakeD.mustbetaken41.Stampsbypeopleforsendingletters.A.useB.inusingC.usedD.areused42.Moretreesnextyear.A.willbeplantedB.willplantC.haveplantedD.areplanting43.—WhenthePeople’sRepublicofChina?

—OnOctober1.1949.A.did…foundB.was…foundC.was…foundedD.is…founded44.Today,toomanytreesarestillintheworld.A.cuttingdownB.cutdownC.beingcutdownD.cutted45.ThiskindofmachineJapan.A.ismadebyB.ismadefromC.ismadeinD.ismadeof46.Theteachersaysthatthemanwill.A.bewelltakencareB.welllookafterC.takecarewellD.bewelllookedafter47.—Ithinktheshop.

—No,It’sopen.Itatsix.A.isclose…closeB.isclosed…closesC.closed…closesD.isclosed48.Iwasastonished（吃驚）tohearthatthecolourTVset5,000yuan.A.hascostB.costC.costedD.wascost49.Greatchangesplacesincehecamehere.A.havebeentakenB.havetakenC.hasbeentakenD.hastaken50.Hewasseensomethingfromtheshop.A.stealB.tostealC.tobestolenD.stealed51.Shehasbyherclassmates.A.laughedB.laughedatC.beenlaughedD.beenlaughedat二.用正確的時態(tài)和語態(tài)填空1.Nearlyeverybodyhere（know）whentheoldmuseum（build）.2.Thebuildingcan（see）fromeverypartofthecity;It（build）manyyearsago.3.YesterdayTom（tell）methathisbike（break）lastweek.英語被動語態(tài)全文共10頁，當前為第8頁。4.Thestudentsoften（tell）totakecareoftheirdesksandchairs.英語被動語態(tài)全文共10頁，當前為第8頁。5.Nowhe（be）askedifthemeeting（hold）nextFriday.6.Itisknowntoallthatthemoon（turn）roundtheearth.7.MissLioften（use）arecorderinherEnglishclass.Butshe（notuse）ittomorrow.8.Vegetables,eggsandfruits（sell）inthisshop.9.English（speak）here.10.Thesong（like）byusalltwentyyearsago.11.Thepictures（take）byJacktomorrow.12.Thecomputer（canuse）intheroom.13.Theroom（paint）now.14.Thenovel（translate）intomanylanguagessinceitwaspublished.15.Thatclock（call）BigBen.16.Lastweek,whenI（ask）aboutEnglishculture,Icouldn’tansweritwell.17.Whatlanguage（speak）inyourcountry?18.Schoolfootballgamesoften（hold）onFridayevenings.19.Thefilm（show）againsometimenextweek.20.Ifanything（happen）tohim,letmeknow.21.thepairofnewshoes（suit）you?22.Thebottle（break）bythecatyesterday.23.Atalltree（can,see）inthepicture.24.Thesportsmeeting（hold）lastweek.25.We（tell）yesterdaythatJanewouldcomebackfromAustralia.26.Look,MrSmith（ta