虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)英文版

Virtualrealitytechnology

1ThemaincontentIOverviewIIVRhardwareandinteractiondevicesIIIVirtualRealityandGISnetworkIVVirtualrealitytechnologydevelopsVvirtualenvironmentmodelingandtoolsVIdevelopmentexample:VirtualCampusXianlinCampusofNanjingNormalUniversityVIIProspectsandProblemsAppendix:References

2IOutline

Virtualrealityisthedevelopmentofcomputertechnologyishighlycrystallineandisreflectedinthevariousfieldsintheapplicationprocess,includingnotonlygraphics,imageprocessing,patternrecognition,networktechnology,parallelprocessingtechnology,artificialintelligenceandotherhigh-performancecomputingtechnology,butalsoinvolvesmathematics,physics,communications,andevenrelatedtometeorology,geography,aesthetics,psychologyandsociology.3I-IWhatisvirtualreality

Virtualrealityorvirtualenvironmentisgeneratedbyacomputerhavingspotfeelingenvironment,itisanewinteractivesystem.Virtualrealitytechnologyisessentiallyahighlyrealisticsimulationofhumanvisioninreallife.Hearing.Actionandotheractsofinteractivetechnology.Traditionalinformationprocessingenvironmenthasbeena"peopleadaptcomputer,"whiletoday'sgoalorideaistograduallymake"computeradaptation"andpeoplecalledfortheadoptionofsight,hearing,touch,smell,andbody,gestureorpassword,toparticipateintheinformationenvironmentaltreatedtotherebyobtainanimmersiveexperience.Thisinformationprocessingsystemisnolongerbasedontheone-dimensionaldigitalspace,butonamultidimensionalinformationspace.Virtualrealitytechnologyisakeytechnologytosupportthismulti-dimensionalinformationspace.4I-IIVirtualRealityFeaturs

ImmersionInteractionImagination5Immersion

vAnartificialcomputergeneratedvirtualenvironment,thisvirtualenvironmentisathree-dimensionaldigitalmodelsconstructedbycomputergraphics,programmedintoacomputertoproducerealistic"virtualenvironment",allowinguserstogenerateanimmersivevirtualenvironmentvisuallythefeeling,whichisasenseofvirtualrealitytechnologyimmersion(Immersion)orspotasenseofparticipation6InteractionModelandthetraditionalthree-dimensionalanimationandvirtualrealityareusuallygeneratedbyCADsystemsisnotthesame,itisnotastaticworld,butanopen,interactive,virtualrealityenvironmentcaninfluencebycontrollingandmonitoringdevicesorusersEffects,whichisthesecondfeatureVR,eraction(Interaction).7ImaginationVirtualrealityisnotjustademonstrationofmedia,butalsoadesigntool.Itreflectsthevisualformdesignerideas,suchaswhenthefrontcoverofamodernbuilding,thefirstthingyoudoisforthebuilding'sstructure,beautifulideatododetailed,inordertomakequantitative,youneedtomanydesigndrawings,ofcourse,thesedrawingsonlyinsidersunderstand,virtualrealitycanputthisideaintoavisiblevirtualobjectsandenvironments,sothatinthepastonlywithtraditionalsandtabledesignpatternsupgradetodigital-per-viewincomethatisperfection,greatlyimprovingthequalityandefficiencyofthedesignandplanning.ThisisthethirdcategoryofVRhasfeaturesthatimagination(Imagination).8I-IIIVirtualRealityclassificaion

DesktopVirtualRealityImmersivevirtualrealityAugmentedRealityofVirtualRealityDistributedVirtualReality9I-IVThedifferencebetweenvirtualrealityandthree-dimensionalanimation

VirtualRealityThree-dimensionalanimation

Acombinationofdigitalvirtualenvironmentmodelbasedonrealdatafromstrictcompliancewiththestandardsandrequirementsoftheprojectdesign,ascientificsimulationsystems.?Manipulatorexperiencethevirtualthree-dimensionalspace,immersive.Ofscenespainteddirectlybytheanimatorsmadeaccordingtothematerialorimaginedtogether,andrealenvironmentsanddatahaveabiggap,belongingtodemonstrateclassworksofart.?Presupposedobservationpathcannotbechanged.

Theoperatorcanfeelthemovementtobringreal-timescenechanges,walkingscene,andpersonallyarrangedthescene,withtwo-wayinteractivefeatures.

Onlyone-waypresentationsasmoviescenechange,makingthescreenrequirespriorgeneration,time-consuming,laboriousandcostly.10

VirtualRealityThree-dimensionalanimationSupportsstereoscopicdisplayand3Dstereo,three-dimensionalreality.DoesnotsupportNotimelimit,canshowatrueanddetailed,andyoucanexportfilesinvirtualrealityanimatedvideobasedonthesamedatacanbeusedfortheproductionofmulti-modebodyandpublicity,cost-effective.Animationbythetimelimit,cannotbedetaileddisplay,lowprice.

Inreal-timethree-dimensionalenvironment,adjustmentsupportprograms,assessment,management,informationinquiryandotherfunctions,suitableforlargercomplexprojectplanning,design,bidding,approval,managementandotherneeds,butalsohasamorerealisticandintuitivemultimediapresentationcapabilities.Onlysuitableforsimplepresentationcapabilities.11I-VVirtualrealitytechnologyused

intherealworld

Manygamemakers,inordertomakethegamemorerealisticcharactermovements,oftenwillusethemotioncapturesystem.Virtualrealitytechnologyuseinthefilm.

Example:MatrixDisplayofgoods(suchashome,appliances,etc.)12IIVRhardwareandinteractiondevices

Atypicalsystemconsistsofvirtualrealityspacedataacquisitionsystem,thehumandatacapturesystems,three-dimensionaldisplaydevice,aswellasthree-dimensionalcontrolequipmentandacomputersystem.Spatialdataacquisitionsystem,humandatacapturesysteminavirtualenvironmenttoestablishspacemodel;3Ddisplaydevice,athree-dimensionalcontrolequipmentbelongtothesamethree-dimensionalinteractiveequipment,designandmanufactureof3Dinteractivedevicesuperiorperformanceisthekeytovirtualrealitytechnology.SpatialDataAcquisitionSystemHumandatacapturesystemComputerSystems

SupergraphicsworkstationsThree-dimensionalcontrolequipment3DdisplaydeviceCollectionAlternately13SpatialDataAcquisitionSystemSpatialdataacquisitionsystemtoobtaintimelyspatialdatathroughsatelliteremotesensing,aerialremotesensingandglobalpositioningsystems,andestablishinganaccurateandreliablevirtualrealityspaceenvironment.Remotesensingisanadvantageoftheinherentcharacteristicsofelectromagneticradiationreflectedfromanobjectandthroughimplementationofelectromagneticwaves,therearetechnicalenvironmentalconditionsandobjectrecognitionobject.14HumandatacapturesystemHumandatacapturedevicethatcanrecordthebodyofpracticaldataandactions,includingthebodymovements,facialexpressions,physiologicalindex,smellandvoice.15Interactive3DEquipmentCommon3Ddisplaydeviceandstereoscopichelmetmounteddisplayglasses.Helmetmounteddisplaywiththree-dimensionaldrawingtechniquestoproducetwospacedapartperspective,anddirectlydisplayedtotheusercorrespondstotheleftandtherighteyeontwomonitors.Thenewhelmet-mounteddisplaysareaccompaniedbymagneticpositionsensor,canmeasurethedirectionoftheuser'slineofsight,sothescenecanchangeastheuser'slineofsightandmaketheappropriatechanges.16

Interactive3D

EquipmentAcommonfeatureofthethree-dimensionalspacecontroldeviceiscapableofcontrollingatleastsixdegreesoffreedom(DegreeofFreedom),correspondingtothethree-dimensionalobjectdescribingthewidth,height,depth,pitch(pitch)angle,rotation(yaw)angleandyaw(roll)angle.Commonthree-dimensionalcontroldevicehasdatagloves,trackball,three-dimensionalprobe,three-dimensionalandthree-dimensionalmousecontrolleverandthelike.Theemergenceofthedataglove,virtualrealitysystemprovidesanewinteractivetoolthatcanprovideuserswithaveryrealandnaturalthree-dimensionalinteractivetools.17High-performancecomputersystemsHigh-performancecomputersystemprocessingtechnologyincludesdataconversionanddatapreprocessingtechnologies;real-time,realisticgraphicsimagegenerationanddisplaytechnology;multidimensionalinformationdatafusion,datacompression,andgeneratethedatabase;multiplesoundsynthesisandsoundspacetechnology;includingcommandrecognition,voicerecognition,anddetectgesturesandfacialexpressionsofinformation,includingapatternrecognition;distributedandparallelcomputing,andhigh-speed,large-scaleremotenetworktechnology.18IIIVirtualrealityandnetworks,GIS

Virtualrealitytechnologynowcombinesthelatestresearchresultsinvariousdisciplines,includingtheresultsofcomputerscience,communicationnetworktechnology,geographicinformationsystems,remotesensingscienceandotherareas.Themaincontentsofthissection:VirtualGISNetworkVirtualGISDistributedGISGeographicalsynergy19III-IVirtualGIS

Developmentofcomputerscienceandhuman-computerinterfacetechnologyingraphics,especiallythepromotionofvirtualrealitytechnologyforGISprovidesanewanalysisgeosciencedataandtechnologyplatformtoexploreissues,andpromotetheGIStechnologywithvirtualrealitytechnologyandvisualizationfusiontechnology,expandingthemulti-dimensionalGIS,three-dimensionalGISinparticularconnotationstudyprovidesnewspatialdataanalysismodelsandnewGISapplicationmode.CurrentinternationalcallthisvirtualrealitytechnologyandscientificvisualizationtechnologydesignedmultidimensionalGISsystemcalledVirtualGISsystem"VirtualGIS(VGIS)".20III-IINetworkVirtualGISpresentationCombinedwiththecurrentdirectionofthevirtualnetworkisaGISdevelopment.Combinedwithnetworktechnology,networkvirtualGISnotonlyforpeopletoanalyzespatialdataandspatialproblemsolvingnetworkprovidedbythetechnologyplatform,through"immersive"virtualrealitymodelforpeopletointeractthroughvirtualgeospatialoffersthepossibility,therebyforthestudyofvirtualgeographicalenvironmentprovidesanidealplatform.21NetworkVirtualGISarchitecture1.AGISisavirtualnetwork-basedGIS,virtualrealitysystemwiththeGISClient-linkingprovidesasimplespatialanalysisortoanalyzetheresultsofGISintovirtualrealitysystemtosupportvirtualrealitysystemdataformat,forvirtualrealitysystemstoobserve;2.AnothervirtualGISisbasedonadistributedvirtualrealitysystem,extendtheabilitytosupportspatialdatatypesinavirtualrealitysystem,providingsimplespatialanalysis.22

TheoverallstructureofWEBvirtualGIS

23III-IIIGISsystemarchitecture'sroleinthenetworkvirtual3.3CORBACORBAisoneofthemainstreamcomputingplatformfordistributedobjects,CORBAplatformtobecomewidelyacceptedbythecomputerindustry,andisfullyopentothedistributednetworkplatform.CORBAisadistributedobject-baseddesignhavingscalability,security,loadbalancingandfaulttolerance,real-time,specialperformancerequirementsforthedesignofdistributedsystemsprovidearationalplatform.

CORBA-basednetworkplatformtodesignvirtualGIS,byreusingtheCORBAnetworkstructureandbasicnetworkservicesgreatlysimplifyvirtualdifficultyGISnetworkarchitecturedesignbasedonvirtualGISCORBAallowsthenetworktousemoreflexiblenetworkarchitecture.24CORBA-basednamingservicenetworkVGISsystemimageconceptmap-NetworkVirtualGISclientApplicationServerNameManagementApplicationserver1Applicationserver2ApplicationservernAnalysisServerNameManagementSpatialAnalysisServices1SpatialAnalysisServices2Spatialanalysisservicesn……25III-IVVGEandgeographicsynergiesVirtualGeographicEnvironments,isanavatar-basedmulti-userdistributedintelligentthree-dimensionalvirtualenvironment,adigitalgeo-spatialphenomenaandlawsofaparticulargeographicalenvironmentwithmulti-channel-awareexpression,calculationandsimulation,integratedmanagementoftheEarthcanbeusedformulti-dimensionalinformationandmultimediaintegratedpublishing,interactive/innovativeblendofstyleearthscienceresearch,andotherdistributedcollaborativeplanning,designanddecision-making.26UseravatarInthevirtualgeographicenvironments,bothuseravatarcancommunicatefacetofaceinthesamevirtuallocation.Theincarnationasanexpressionofrealusers,anditssourcecancontainvisual,auditoryandeventasteavarietyofinformationsources,etc.,sothattheuserhasasenseofimmersioncanbeimmersivefeelitselfisavirtualgeographicenvironmentspart.Seeingandhearingotherinformationsourcesmaybeco-workerstocommunicatewhattherealattitudesandemotions,isanimportantpartofcommunicationbetweenco-workersinvirtualgeographicenvironments,andanalysisofgeographicdatainplanninganddecision-makingalsoplaysaveryimportanteffect.27ACModeForvirtualgeographicenvironmentisnotonlyarealgeographicalbackground,butalsotoprovideareliableplatformfortheexchangeofinformationco-workersare.Tothisend,weneedmoreresearchonhowtoimprovecommunicationmodesbetweenpeopleandenhancevariousexchangesavatarinvirtualgeographicenvironmentsbetween.Currently,inaccordancewiththetimelinessoftheexchangeofclassified----

Non-real-timecommunication:e-mailandbulletinboard

Instantcommunication:interactive,real-time,includingthetraditionaltwo-dimensionalscenes,three-dimensionalscene,streamingmediatechnologyandintegrationmode.28IV

ThemaindevelopmentofvirtualrealitytechnologyVRMLXMLX3DJava3DVRMLXML地理實(shí)體X3DJAVA3DInthevirtualrealitytechnology,VRML/GeoVRML,XML,X3D,GMLandJava3Dtechnologystrengthscomplementeachother,theuseofgraphicalmodelingcapabilitiesVRML,XMLinternationalization,structured,modularfeaturesandpowerfulJavanetworkprogramminglanguage,togetherformapowerfulvirtualrealityenvironments.29IV-IVRMLIn1994,thefirstsessionoftheInternationalInternetConferenceinGeneva,Switzerland,proposedtocreateathree-dimensionalnetworkinterfacetofacilitatenetworktransmissionVRML.In1995,VRML1.0versionlaunched.In1996,basedonthe1.0versionofthemajorimprovementsintroducedinversion2.0,whichaddsinteractivescenarios,multimediasupport,collisiondetection.In1997,afteranassessmentstandardsorganizations,VRML2.0becometheinternationalstandard,andrenamedtheVRML97.30VRMLsimpleexamplesphere.wrl

#VRMLV2.0utf8

Shape{

#Definenodecontainstwoproperties

appearanceAppearance{#Appearanceproperties

materialMaterial{#material，emissiveColor100}

#Reflectivematerial

}

geometrySphere{#Geometricproperties

radius1

}

}31IV-II

XML

XMLfullnameinEnglishisExtensibleMarkupLanguage,theChinesetranslationforextensiblemarkuplanguage.ItisanexchangestandardbytheW3C(WorldWideWebConsortium)thepromotionofstructuredinformation,andhasbeenwidelyused.VRMLadoptXMLastheencodingofthemainreasonsisbecausewiththeinternationalnatureofXML,structuredformatandmodularobjectsandotheradvantages.HasbeenclearlyestablishedbytheimplementationoftheXMLspecification,X3DXML-syntaxiseasytobeimplementedwithouttheneedforahugereverseengineering(reverseengineering).32XMLandGISWhatroledoesXMLplayinGISapplications?WecanuseXMLtodefineaquery,infactthetraditionalGISqueryisnodifferent,forexample,cansay,"accordingtoauser-specifiedareafloodedanalysis,andreturnstheresult",theresponsemessagemaybebasedonthe"resultsoftheanalysisinXMLformatthefollowinggraphic."Thedifferenceliesinthetraditionalway,geographicaldataandrequestsunifiedXMLqueriesincludedinaseparateXMLdocument,aresponsemessagealsoXMLdocuments.XMLsupportforcustomtags,providesapowerfulextensionmechanism,whichinevitablymanyuniquemarkappearsGISindustry.33XML與GISOpenGISConsortium(OGC)launchedatimelyGISXMLtagsetGML(GeographyMarkupLanguage),anXMLapplicationinGISprovidesagoodwayofstandardization,theindustryhasbeensupportedbymanycompanies.TheuseofXML,wecanachievemanyGIStasks----Browseandgenerateimages,suchasSVG,VMLandX3Dformats;Dataconversioncanbeperformed,suchasXSLT,Schemacanbeconfigured,suchasDTD,XMLSchemaandthelike;Youcanquerydata,suchasXpointerandXQL,etc.,itcanalsoberunondifferentplatforms,suchasPDA.34IV-III

X3D

X3DfullnameisExtensible3D(X3DearlynameiscalledVRML-NG,VRMLNextGeneration).Itisascalablenext-generation3Dgraphicsstandard,andextendedVRML97features.TheoriginofthenameistheintegrationofX3DXML(ExtensibleMarkupLanguage)andVRML(VirtualRealityModelingLanguage).X3DisVRMLsuccessor.VRML(VirtualRealityModelingLanguage-VirtualRealityModelingLanguage)istheoriginalnetwork3DgraphicsISOstandard(ISO/IEC14772).35X3Dgoal1.IncludeVRML97features.(X3DcontentcanstillusethetechniquesbrowseVRML)2.XMLintegration.(YoucanuseXMLtoshowVRML97features)3.componentization.(Encapsulatedbythemagnitudeofthecore(core)technology,itcaneasilyaddnewfeatures)4.expandability.(Usingthecomponenttoaddnewnodesandexecutecodeinlinewiththecoretechnology)5.UsetheJavaplatformtoensureuniversal36IV-IVJAVA3DDuetospacemodelingVRML,GML,X3Dandotherlanguagesloaderdesigndeficiencies,thereisanurgentneedforahigh-levelprogramminglanguagetoreplacetheoriginalscriptingcapabilities.Javanetworkandplatformindependenceaswellasitsstrongsupportforthethree-dimensionalgraphics,soheoccupiedanimportantpositioninthefuturedevelopmentofthemarketinthethree-dimensional.Java3Dhasputforwardanewscheme,asthemodel-basedtechnologyplatformandinputdevicesdependingonthemodel.Itnotonlyprovideshigh-levelconstructorconstructionandoperationofthe3Dgeometricobjects,andusetheseconstructorscanalsobuildanycomplexitythevirtualscene,thesevirtualscenelargecosmicobjects,smallmicroscopicparticles.37V

VirtualEnvironmentModelingMethodsandToolsThebasicprincipleistocreateavirtualenvironmentmodelingthree-dimensionalmodelingsoftwareandrealobjectsinthree-dimensionalspace,likeathree-dimensionalmodel,andthengetthepropertiesandtexturedatatomodelrealobjectrendering,simulationmodelsmadeafterthedataconversion,andfinallydriversoftwareinto3Dreal-timethree-dimensionaldynamicsimulationdemo.EnvironmentalModelingEnvironmentalmodelingprocessAUTOCADand3DSMAXcombinethree-dimensionaldynamicsimulationMultigenCreatorandVegathree-dimensionalsimulation38V-IEnvironmentalModelingEuclidean-geometry

Fractal-geometry

PhysicallyBasedModelingImageBasedRenderingHybridModelingTechnology:PhysicallyBasedRenderingandImageBasedRendering,isthefuturedirectionofthevirtualenvironmentmodeling.39V-IIEnvironmentalmodelingprocess

現(xiàn)實(shí)世界數(shù)據(jù)和紋理采集三維建模仿真渲染數(shù)據(jù)輸出實(shí)時(shí)驅(qū)動(dòng)景觀仿真40V-IIIAUTOCADand3DSMAXcombinethree-dimensionallandscapedynamicssimulationAutoCADand3DSMAXsoftwarearetwokindsofsoftwareinengineeringfield..AutoCADsoftwareintheconstruction,editingatwo-dimensionalgraphicsfeatures,easytouse,andopen,thereareLISPAutoprogramminglanguagesupportandmanyotheradvantages.3DSMAXsoftwarehasgreatadvantagesin3Dmodeling,animationandrendering..41VRdataformatconversionIn3dsMaxVRauthoringsystemmodel,combinedwiththerequirementofVRsystem,seewhethertousesuchasLOD(levelofdetail)model,ifneedtouseMaxcomeswithaLODplug-indirectlygeneratetheobject'sLODmodel.Finally,accordingtotheenvironmentoftheVRsystemeditorwillthemodeloutputforeditingenvironmentthatcanbereceivedbyfiletype,suchasvrml97orDXFformatfile.42在AUTOCAD中進(jìn)行精確的二維建模，生成*.dwg文件。在3DSMAX中制作成效果圖和動(dòng)畫輸出。處理和制作各種紋理貼圖，并在3DSMAX中作立體渲染。導(dǎo)入3DSMAX中建立三維立體模型。43V-IVMultigenCreatorandVegadynamicsimulationofthree-dimensionallandscape

TheMultigenCreatorSoftware,developedbyMultiGen-paradigm,anAmericancompany,ithasforreal-timeapplicationoptimizationofopenflightdataformat,powerfulpolygonmodeling,vectormodeling,largeareaterrainandgenerateaccuratefunction,andavarietyofprofessionaloptionsandplugins,cangeneratereal-timethree-dimensional(RT3D)database,andoptimization,andcloselycombinedwiththesubsequentreal-timesimulationsoftwareinthevisualsimulation,simulationtraining,urbansimulation,interactivegamesandengineeringapplications,thescientificvisualizationreal-timesimulationfieldhasaworldleadingposition.44AUTOCAD和3DSMAX結(jié)合進(jìn)行三維建模，生成*.3ds文件。維建模，生成*.dwg文件。導(dǎo)入MultigenParadigmCREATOR中對三維立體模型進(jìn)行紋理貼圖和渲染，并輸出為OPENFLIGHT文件（*.flt）。把OpenFlitht文件導(dǎo)入MultigenParadigmVEGA中對三維立體模型進(jìn)行實(shí)時(shí)動(dòng)態(tài)驅(qū)動(dòng)，實(shí)現(xiàn)漫游和動(dòng)畫輸出功能。45MoreprofessionalmodelingtoolsandprofessionalmodulesBundleTerrain(largeareaaccurate3Dterrainfunctionintegration,needProCreatormodule);RoadTools（

Standardroadgenerationtool，andBaseCreator、CreatorProCouldbind）。46Paradigm-VegaEfficienttoolsforbuildingadvancedreal-timesimulationVEGAisaleadingsoftwareenvironmentforthedevelopmentofreal-timevisualandauditorysimulation,virtualrealityandgeneralvideoapplications.Vegaincludinglynxgraphicalenvironments,asetcanprovidethefullsoftwarecontrolandmaximumflexibilityandcompleteapplicationprogramminginterfaceandaseriesofrelateddatabaseandAudioWorks2real-timemultichannelaudiosystem.VegaandtheoptionalmodulecanruninWindowsNToperatingsystemandSGIIRIXoperatingsystem,andsupportsavarietyofdatabaseloader47FlightOpenformatandAPIsFlightOpenisthemostpopularstandardfileformatinthefieldofvisualsimulationforMultigendevelopment..Openflightusinggeometrichierarchyandnodeattributestodescribethethree-dimensionalobjects,allowstheusertooperatedirectlyonthehierarchicalstructureandnodeandguaranteefromthelargedatabasetoprecisecontrolofobjectsofasinglevertex.Logichierarchicalstructureandlevelofdetail,theinterceptionofthegroup,renderingpriority,separationsurfaceandotherfunctions,theimagegeneratorknowwhenandhowtodrawthe3Dscene,greatlyimprovestheperformanceofthereal-timesystem.FlightAPIsOpen(Clanguagedevelopmentenvironment),youcanexpandtheexistingfunctionalityandalgorithms,developuser-defineddatabaseentities48MultigenCreator/Vega

SimulationApplications

虛擬洛杉磯

虛擬深圳中心區(qū)

49VIexamplesofthedevelopmentofthevirtualcampus:XianlinCampusofNanjingNormalUniversityVirtualcampusisintheenvironmentofcomputer,virtualreproductionofthenewcampuslandscape,throughthehelmet,3Ddevicessuchasamouse,peoplecanenterthevirtualcampusroaming,thebeautyofthetasteofthecampus.Inthiswayletmorepeopleaclearunderstandingofthenewcampus,fortheregion'sdevelopmentplanningandtransport,tourism

andotheraspectshavemoreclear

goals.50HardwareandsoftwareenvironmentHardwareequipment:twoSGIoctaneworkstation,IntergraphNTworkstation,a550PIIIIBMmicrocomputer,helmet,joystick,3Dmouse,eyewear,Intergraphandhigh-precisionscanner,recorder,tapemachine(4mm),external50gharddisk;Support:DigitalPhotogrammetrysoftwareVirtuoZo3.1;GISsoftware---Arcinfo7.1,Arcview3.1,IMAGIS,VRsoftware---MultiGen,Vega;imageprocessingsoftwarePhotoshop5.0;3Dmodelingsoftware---AutoCad3DMax,software.51Step1:datapreparationphase(1)theoriginaldata,includingNanjingNormalUniversityXianlinCampusoflargescaleaerial(photoimagesscale1:2500);cameracalibrationparameterfile,groundcontrolpointinthedocument.(2)metadatabaseconstructioninclude:aerialscaledenominator;GaoHang;aerialcamerafocallength;aerialunits;dateofaerialphotography;aerial;numberofaerialimages;GaussKrugerprojectionwithanumber;zones;centralmeridianandstandardparallels.52Step2:datapreprocessingstageDatacollection:theaerialphotographisscannedanddigitizedintodigitalphotogrammetrysoftware..TheVirtuoZo3.1establishtheXianlinCampusofNanjingNormalUniversityDigitalElevationModel(DEM),obtainorthoimagesandmeasuredtheareaofthebuildingmodeldataandroads,lakesandotherattributedata.Dataconversion:dataacquisitionphaseofthedatathroughdataconversion,respectively,accordingtoterraindata,culturaldataandconstructiondataandotherwayintothevirtualrealitymodelingsoftwareMultiGen.Afterthecompletionoftheconversionprocess,usersofthesuccessfulimplementationoftheconversionbetweenheterogeneoussystems,measurementdatathroughGISconversionrequiredtocreateavirtualdigitalcitydataformats,suchasdigitalelevationmodeldata(DED),digitalculturedata(DFD),architecturalmodelsFLTdata,severaltextureaccordingtoTIFForjpgformat.53Step3datamodelingphase(1)terraindataprocessing:thedigitalelevationmodeldata(DED)byselectingtheappropriatealgorithmtobuildthe3Dsurfacemodel,accordingtocorrespondingtosurfacemodelandthelatitudeandlongitude,postedontheorthoimagemapasthetextureofasurface,theformationofXianlinCampustruethree-dimensionallandformlandscapeview.(2)attributedataprocessing:CulturalDFDofdigitaldata,suchasroads,lakes,accordingtothedifferentobjectattributehierarchicalinputMultiGen,choiceorreestablishmentofcorrespondingfeaturecodeFeatureIDandsurfacematerial(SMC)code,givingtheappropriatetexture.Thenselecttheappropriateprojectionmethod,accordingtothelatitudeandlongitudecoordinatesprojectedontothelandscape,