全國醫(yī)學博士外語統(tǒng)一考試英語試題1999

1999年全國醫(yī)學博士外語統(tǒng)一考試英語試題PaperOnePartIListeningComprehension(30%)(略)PaperTwoPartDIVocabulary(15%)SectionADirections：Inthissectionallthesentencesareincomplete.Fourwordsorphrases,markedA,B,CandDgivenbeneatheachofthem.Youaretochoosetheonewordorphrasethatbestcompletesthesentence.Then,markyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.Newresearchmethodsarebeingbroughttothesubject.A.bearon R.pickup C.takeapart D.bringonHumanbeingsarecreatures,designedtobeonthemove.A.distinctive B.dynamic C.intrinsic D.mysterious(Generallytthesmokerfeelsstimulaiedfirst,butthisstimulationsoonpersistenttranquilization.A.goesbeyondB.getsover C.pullsthroughD?giveswaytoTothepoliticalhealongovernmentswiththeworstrecordsttheWHOhastakentheunprecedentedstepofpublishingcountry-by-countryestimates.A.turnup B.bringforward C.putdown D? makeupAtthenationallevel,theNationalInstitutesofHealthandespeciallytheNationalInstituteonAgingare manytypesofresearch programsonaging.A.allocating B.expanding C.sponsoring D. summingHIVandAIDSmaythreatenthefundamentalvaluesofsocietytandanyattempttodealwiththempresentsachallenge.A.formidable B.fatal C.favorable D.fantasticKelley9spublicistsabruptlyaplanned&rvcn-ci(ypublicitytour,announcingthattheir44publishingobjectiveshavebeenaccomplished.”A.calledoff B.calleddownC.calledup D.calledforCrowdingasanenvironmentalvariableisonlybeginningtobeseriouslyexaminedandthedatafaris一 ?A.informativeB.inconclusiveC.inconspicuousD.indisputableDuringthesterilizationprocesswhichfollowsfthecansaretosteamorboilingwaterwiththetemperatureanddurationvaryingaccordingtothetypeoffood.A.proportional B?subjected C.susceptible D.liableInsomephysicalillnessesemotionalfactorsmaybethemajorelements.A.interacting B.composing C.relating D.contributingButresearchcanhavenoeconomicimpactifthenewscientificdiscoveriesarenotintomarketablegoodsandservices.A.launched B.translated C.dissected D.conveyedNatureneverceasestosurpriseus.Moleculeswithstructuresandpropertiesturnupinthelaboratoryallthetime.A.bioactive B.miniature C.bizarre D?invisibleSincepatientscannotalwaystellthedifferencebetweenpsychologicallyinducedchestpainandheartattack,thephysicianshouldthepossiblecausesofthepain.A.ruleout B.divideup C.bringapart D.sortoutJ4.DavidL.KinionoftheUniversityofCalifornia,IqsAngeles,SchoolofMedicinesaysthatsuchatest,ifitexpectationscouldusherinanewareaofprenataldiagnosis.A.meetsupwith B.comesupwithC.shedslighton D.livesuptoThefallinproductionoverthepastyearhascaused200workerstobemaderedundantandafurther500havebeentemporarily.A.laidoff R.laiddown C.laidout D.laidawaySectionBDirections：Eachofthefollowingsentenceshasawordorphraseunderlined.Therearefourotherwordsorphrasesbeneatheachsentence.Choosethewordorphrasewhichwouldbestkeepthemeaningoftheoriginalsentenceifitweresubstitutedfortheunderlinedpart.MarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.Foodisofteninvestedwithreligioussignificance.A.installed B.entertained C.charged D.consumedCareofthementallyillhaschangeddramaticallyinrecentdecades.A.accordingly B.markedly C.absolutely D.eventuallyThereisabsolutelynopointintryingtoliveintheabstractworldofdesire,turningdowntherealityofthepresent.A.rejecting B.abusing C.despising D.dissipatingUptu30percentofalldeathsfromcorunar)1heartdiseasecanbeattributedtocigarettesniok-i呷A.exposed B,endowed C.entitled D.ascribedIndeedtthecrucialroleofvigorousphysicalactivityhasbeenpoorlyacknowledgedasamajorfactorinihecausesandcureofobesity,particularlytheproblemofbeingoverfat.A.recognizedB.documentedC.appraised D.administeredInthe1970s,thedesiresforself-fulfilmentofmillionsofAmericanssplitawayfromthetraditionalsymbolsofsuccess.A?inspirations B.applications C.aspirations D.motivationslifeintechnologicallyadvancedsocietieshasadditionalperils.A?advantages B.prospects C.hazards D.adventuresWhenwesayasubstanceisofthesamekind,wemeanallpartsofitarealikeandshowthesameproperties. "

A.original B.universal C.genetic D.homogeneousExpertscanevenreachconsensusonhowthemateria)standardoflivingsharplyreducesthedeathrate.A.agreement B.decision C.judgment D.resolutionEventhoughtheevidencewasoverwhelming,hewasstillnotconvinced.A.persuasive B.skeptical C.perplexed D.criticalMuchofwhatweknowaboutthesubjectonahypotheticallevelcanbetracedtoDr.JohnB,Calhoun.D.deceptiveA.meditativeB.presumptiveC.thoughtfulD.deceptiveWehaveavailabletousmanydifferentwaystofulfillournutritionalneeds.D.standardizeD.modifiedD.standardizeD.modifiedD.getridofI),issueObesityisaconditionpcrpetualsdbyadiversityoffactors.A.caused B.sustained C.modulatedAbandonfaddietsandheedyourbody'shungercues.A.playdown B.putupwith C.giveattentiontoHealthisaneconomicaridpoliticalasset.A.wealth B.essence C.enterprisePartIVClozeTest(15%)Directions：ForeachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandDlistedbelow.ChoosethebestanswerandmarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.Theproblemofcaringfortheweakandsickmembersofsocietyhasexistedfromtheveryearliesttimes.Buttheideaisanewoneinthehistoryofman.TheGreek,forinstancethad31publicinstitutionsforthesick.Someoftheirdoctorsmaintainedsurgerieswheretheycouldcarryontheirwork,buttheywereverysmall,andonlyonepatientcouldbetreated32.TheRomans,intimesofwar.establishedinfirmariest33wereusedtotreatsickandinjuredsoldiers.Lateron,infirmarieswerefoundedinthelargercitiesandwere34outofpublicfunds.35 9theRomaninfluencewasresponsiblefortheestablishmentofhospitals.36Chris-tianitygrew,thecareofthesickbecamethedutyoftheChurch.DuringtheMiddleAgesmonasteriesandconventsprovidedmostofthehospitalsMonksandnunswerethenurses.Thecustomofmakingpilgrimagestoreligiousshrinesalsohelpedadvancethe37ofhospitals.Thesepilgrimageswereoftenlong,andthetravelershadtostop38atsmallinnsalongtheroad.Theseinnswerecalledhospitalia,orguesthouses,fromtheLatinwordhospesfmeaning"aguest”.Theinnsconnectedwiththemonasteries39themselvestocaringfortravelerswhowereillorlameorweary.Inthiswaythename“hospital"becameconnectedwith40fortheafflicted.SincelivingconditionsduringtheMiddleAgeswerenotverycomfortableorhygienic,thehospitalsofthosedayswere41 cleanororderly.Infact,many42hospitalwouldputtwoormorepatientsinthesamebed!Duringtheseventeenthcentury,therewasageneral43livingconditions.Peoplebegantofeelthatitwasthedutyofthestatetocareforitsailingcitizens.Butitwasn't44theeighteenthcenturythatpublichospitalsbecamegeneralinthelargertownsofEngland.Soon,theideaofpublichospitalsbeganto45andtheyappearedalloverEurope.31.A.afewB.noC.manyD.few32.A.atatimeB.atnotimeC.onceandagainD.onceforall33.A.theyB.thatC.inwhichD.which34.A.suppliedB.recruitedC.builtD.supported35.A.InthesamewayB.InabigwayC.InawayD.Intheway36.A.SinceB.AlthoughC.IfD.As37.A.historyB.ideaC.conditionD.equipment38.A.overnightB.forsleepingC.onceD.intime39.A.devotingB.thatdevotedC.devotedD.fordevoting40.A.housingB.hospitalityC.casingD.friendship41.A.farfrombeingB.fartobeingC.sofarastobeD.somuchfrombeing42.A.aB.otherC.oftheD.such43.A.agreementonB.awarenessofC.improvementinD.interestin44.A.inB.byC.uptoD.until45.A.occurB.spreadC.conceiveD.strikePartVReadingComprehension(30%)Directions：Inthispartofthetesttherearesevenpassages.Followingeachpassagetherearefourorfivequestionswithfourchoices.ChoosethebestanswerandmarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.PassageOneDearBoardofEducation：OnbehalfoftheresidentsofthetownhouseslocatedonFranklinStreetneartheproposedcollegealongRiverRoad,1wanttoprotestthebuildingofthecollegeasitispresentlyplanned.Weopposeithecause：First,thecollegewillblockourviewoftheriver.Thisisdisturbingnotonlyforaestheticreasons；itwillalsodecreasethevalueofourhousesifweareevertosellthem.Secondttherearetwohigh-riseapartmentbuildingstothesouthofusblockingsunlightfromthatdirectionduringagoodpartoftheday.Ifthecollegeisbuilttothewestofusthatwilldecreasetheamountofsunlightwegetevenmore.Third,parkingwillbecomeevenbiggerproblemthanitalreadyis.Fromwhatweunderstand,therearenoprovisionsforparkingforcollegestaffandstudents.Thiswillonlycompoundaproblemthatisalreadyaseriousoneforthisneighborhood,lackofspaceforon-streetparking.Fourth,theproposedmainentrancetothecollegeisonFranklinStreet,whichisaverynarrowstreetalreadyoverloadedwithstreettraffic.Havingthecollegeentranceonthisstreetwillcauseanincreaseintrafficandunnecessarydangerstotheresidentsofboththetownhousesandthehighriseapartmentbuildings,manyofwhomarechildren.Ifwehavetoacceptthecollegebeingbuiltinthislocation,wewouldliketosuggestseveralchangestotheplans.First,thecollegeshouldcreateaparkingareaforcollegepersonnel,perhapsintheemptyqpaeeonChambersStreetandWestStreet,snthatourparkingproblemswillnotbein-creased.Second,themainentranceshouldbemovedtoeitherRiverRoadorChambersStreet,thusrelievingtheamountoftrafficonaresidentialstreet.Finally,theBoardofEducationshouldcontributetoexpandingandimprovingtheparkonRiverRoadsothatresidentsoftheareahaveapleasantandsafeplacetoenjoytheviewandthesunlight.Thankyoufbryourattention.Sincerely.FrankHamptonWhydoestheauthorwritethisletter?Tbprotectpeople,especiallychildren,againsttrafficinjury.Tomaintainthemarketvalueofthetownhousesandapartments.Tocomplainoftheauthority'snewlyproposedexpansionofthecollege.Topreventthecollegefromdisturbingthelifeofthenearbyresidents.Whichofthefollowingisaproblembroughtaboutbythecollege?Reducedamountofsunlight.Ahighfigureofroadaccidents.Ruinedviewoftheneighborhood.Anevensmallernumberofparkinglots.Whatwillbelyingtotheeastofthecollege?A. Apartmentbuildings. B. Townhouses.C. Apark. D. Ariver.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribethetoneofthisletter?A. Sarcastic. B. Indiflerent.C. Serious. D. Fearsome.PassageTwoAstoday'sbridewalksdowntheaislewithherfuturehusband,shehaseveryexcuseforbeingnervous.Sheisabouttoexchangevowsoflifelongcommitment;fidelityandmutualsupport.Yetallaroundher,shecanseethatmanypeopledonotandcannotliveuptothesevows.Herownmarriagefacesaoneinthreechanceofdivorce,ifpresenttrendscontinue.TraditionallymarriageinBritainiscurrentlyinaturmoil.Notonlyisthedivorceraterising,buttherateatwhichpeoplemanyisfailing.Livingtogetherismorepopularthaneverbefore.Theshapeofthefamilyisnownolongeroneman,onewomanandtheirchildren.Instead,therearegrowingnumbersoffamilieswhichincludestep-patents,halfsistersandbrothers,ormerelyoneloneparentcopingonherown.ComparedwithothercountriestBritainisstillconservativeinitsmarriagepatterns.InAmerica,thedivorcerateisevenmorestartling.Twooutoffivemarriagesendindivorce.InSwedenlivingtogetherisnowmorepopularthanmarriageamongcouplesintheirearlytwentiesandasimilarpatternseemstobeemerginginDenmark.AlthoughthisishappeningonasmallerscaleinBritaintithasnotyetbecomesuchamarkedtrend.ButifwedofollowtheAmericaandScandinavianpatterns,thefuturewillseemanymorecoupleslivingtogetherbeforemarriage-andevenmoredivorce.Interestinglyenough,itiswomenratherthanmenwhogetadivorceinthecourts.Sevenoutoftendivorcesaregrantedtothewife.Divorce,ofcourse,onlyreflectsthelegalwindingupofamarriagewhichmayhaveeffectivelybrokenuplongbefore.Thepartnerwhopetitionsfordivorcemaynotbethepartnerwhobrokeupthemarriage.Womenusuallyhavemoretogainfromthecourtsinthewayofalimonyrightstothehome,andchildmaintenance.Butthereisalsoafascinatingdisproportioninoneofthegroundsthatthesexeschoosefordivorce.Thegroundsofunreasonableorcruelbehaviorsareoverwhelminglychosenbytentimesmorewomenthanmen.Doesthismeanthatwomenwillputupwithlessthantheyusedto?Whatisthetopicofthispassage?CurrenttrendsinmarriagepatternsinBritain.HighdivorcerateinEurope.Underlyingcausesforthebreakupofthefamily.Legalsolutionstofamilyconflicts.Whatdocs"this"inParagraph4referto?Thesingle-parentfamilypattern.Thestep-parentfamilypattern.Livingtogetherbeforemarriage.Growingdivorcerate.WhatdoestheauthorprobablymeanbysayingMInterestinglyenoughMinParagraph5?Womencangainmoreprotectionincourtsthantheyusedtodo.Situationsaredifferentfromwhatpeopleusuallyexpect.Womenarenolongertoblameforbreakingupamarriage.Nowthereismorefreedomforwomen.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?Theceremonyofexchangingvowsattheweddingisgoingtobereplacedbyotherservices.Womenhavelearnedtofightagainstmaltreatmentinmarriage.Thepresentsituationofmarriageisworryingtosomegovernments.Theauthorofthepassageisopposedtolivingtogetherbeforemarriage.PassageThreeKnowledgeaboutsickness,deathandothermisfortunesiscolouredbyperceptionsofthebodyandhowilfunctions,theplaceoftheindividualinthesocialorder,andthecosmologicalforcesthataffecthumanbeings.Manystudiesoflocalknowledgesystemsemphasizethe“exotic"causestowhichchronicconditionsanddisabilitiesareattributed.Witchestspiritsorpollutionresultingfromimproperbehaviourmayberegardedasthecausesofmentalorphysicalimpairment.Suchculturalexplanationsarewaysofputtingdisabilityincontext,ofmakingsenseofitinrelationtosocialconflicts,morallapsesandtheinfluenceofunseenpowers.Theyhelppeopletounderstandanindividual^conditionintermsofthewholelifesituation.Identifyingcausesisoftenafirststeptowardstreatment.Inmanyhealthcosmologiestdealingwiththereasonforaconditionholdsoutthehopeofapermanentcure.Dealingmerelywithsymptomsmayonlygivetemporaryreliefuntilanotherdisasterstrikes；theunderlyingsocialandmoralproblemsremain.Eliminatingpollution9counteractingwitchcraftormakingofferingstospiritsareeffortstotacklethepowersresponsibleforproblemsandthustosolvethemonceandforall.Ofcourse,itoftenhappensthatapersonwithadisabilitydoesnotimprovewhenmeasuresofthesekindshavebeenadopted.Othercausesmaythenbesoughtuntiltheaffectedfamilyacceptsthattheconditioncannotbechanged.ItisthispointthatpeopleinEastAfricabegintospeakofthe**workof,unalterablebytheeffortsofhumans.Thedifferencebetweenmisfortuneswhichcanbedispelledandtheworkingsoffatewhichcannotbechangedonlybecomesevidentovertime.Incontrastrehabilitationprogrammesarebasedontheculturalbeliefthatdisabilitycanbediminishedthroughconstanteffort,training,individualadjustmentand,tosomeextenttenvironmentaladaptation.Thegoalisimprovedfunction,notcure.Theindividualistheobjectoflongtermspecialattention.Heretechnicalaidsandtrainingarethekey,ratherthanattemptstoeliminatethewidersocialandmoralcausesoftheproblem.Rehabilitationofficercomplainthatfamiliesareinsufficientlycommittedtosuchextendedeffortsovermonthsandyears,andthattheyaredisappointedwhenthereisnoimmediateimproveraent.Thereisaculturalgapbuttheproblemisnotnecessarilythatpeopletrappedbytraditionalbeliefsaboutdisability.Cultureisamatterofexperienceandmostpeopleindevelopingcountrieshavelittleexperienceoftheresultsofeffectiverehabilitationprogrammes.Consequentlythereislittlecommitmentandconfidenceuntilthevalueofprogrammeshasbeendemonstrated.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthormakesanefforttopointoutthesignificanceof.A.knowledge B.culturalimplicationC.moralconditions D.the“exotic“causesAccordingtothepassagevmentalorphysicalimpairment.isattributedtoanindividual*signoranceiscausedbyeithersocialormoralconditionresultsfromfamilyrelationshipsD?makesupacauseofdisabilityOfthefollowingstatementstwhichistrueforthepassage?Treatmentistheresultofidentifyingcauses.Socialconflictstmorallapsesandtheinfluenceofunseenpowersarealltheelementsofthewholelifesituation.Peoplewithdisabilitiesholdthatfateisadominantfactor.Copingwiththecauseforahealthconditionismoreimportantthandealingwithsymptoms.57.Whichofthefollowingconclusionsaboutrehabilitationprogrammescanbedrawnfromthepassage? .Thefactthatdisabilityhasrelationtoculturalbeliefhasbeenneglectedsofar.Thepurposeofcarryingoutrehabilitationprogrammesisgettingridofdisability.Theauthorinsiststhatrehabilitationprogrammesshouldbenefitmostpeopleindevelopingcountries.Agoodcurefordisabilityistogivefamiliesmorecommitments.PassageFourInallcultures,thepeoplewithspecialknowledgeandpowerstodealwithsufferinganddeathalsohavespecialobligations.Intheirrespectivesocieties,healersandhealthprofessionalshavethusalwaysbeensubjecttoawidevarietyofwrittenandunwrittenmles.FormorethanamillenniumintheWesternmedicaltradition,theHippocraticoathhasencapsulatedsomeoftheprinciplesthatatestillseenasessentialforgoodpracticeinthehealthprofes-sions.Andforalmost50yearsnow,theWorldHealthOrganizationhassettechnicalandethicalstandardsandproposedguidelinesandcodesofgoodpracticeinvirtuallyallareasofhealth,asmandatedbyitsConstitution.TheOrganizationalsocontributestotheharmonizationoflegislationandterminology,andfostersthedisseminationandexchangeofinformationonthesesubjects.Ethicstodayisamatteroflivelypublicinterest.Thisreflectsastrongdesiretoassertsomemeasureofcontroloverthecurrentproliferationofnewbiomedicalandinformationtechnology.Peoplewantthebenefitsofscienceandtechnuk^gy,buttheyals?owantdemocraticcontroluvertheirownlivesandsocieties.Hencetheconcernamongthegeneralpublicistobeconsulted,toensurethatscienceandtechnologyareharnessedtoprotectratherthanendangerhumandignitythealthtwellbeinganddiversity.Geneticstforexample,offersthehopeoftherapiesforpreviouslyincurablediseasesbutitalsoholdstheriskofeugenics.Screeningisavaluabletoolforpreventionandcare,butmayalsoleadtodiscriminationandbreachesofconfidentiality.Organtransplantscansavelivesbuttheyalsoraisedifficultissuessuchasaccessibility,culturalresistanceandcommercialization.Technologywhichprolongslifealsoprolongsthedyingprocess.Thesearenotjusttheoreticalmatters.Theyconcerntheprofessionalethicsofallthoseinvolved—?K?ientists?healthworkers,economistsandpoliticiansalike.Theyalso,ofcourse.concernusallbecausetheydeeplyaffectourlivesandrelationships.Theissuesraisedwillnotbesettledbyalistofabstractprinciplesorbymedicaljudgmenta-lone.Ethicaldilemmasariseinconcretesituationswhichareshapedbybiomedicalculture.Theyrequirecarefulconsiderationofbothwhatisdesirableandwhatispossible.Forexample,howdowebalanceindividualwithsocialneeds?Howdoweensurethatqualityofcareisreconciledwithequityandisnotusedasapretexttoservetheinterestsofthefew?Ifthedevelopmentoftechnologyisdrivenbymarketforcestwhathappenstotheprincipleofhealthforall?Howdoweensurethatresearchandhealthdevelopmenttakeintoaccounttheneedsofthepoorandprovidethemwitheffectivehealthcareandservices?Thispassagemainlydealswith.A.science,technologyandcultureB.healthtethicsandhumanrightsC.ethics,geneticsandeugenicsD.humandimity,healthfwell-beinganddiversityTheauthorimpliesthat.healthprofessionisbecomingmoredemandingthaneverbeforetheWHOhasbeenunderaspecialobligationtohealthprofessionalssinceethicstodayhasturnedtoamatteroflivelypublicinterestsoeveryonedesirestogetmoredemocracypeoplearemuchmoreconcernedaboutthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnologythanhumandignity,health,well-beinganddiversityThroughtheexamplesttheauthorattemptstoillustratethat.anymatteriscontroversialB?thingsarealwaysself-contradictoryhealthprofessioninvolvemuchdifficultyprofessionalethicsisofgreatimportanceAccordingtothepassage,whichstatementisNOTtrue?Theproblemsputforwardbytheauthorareallpractical.Theauthorfailstofacetheissuessquarely.Intheopinionoftheauthorttheprinciplesofhealthmustfitboththepoorandthewealthy.Ifthedevelopmentoftechnologyisdrivenbymarketforcestethicaldilemmasmaybecomemoreobvious.PassageFiveThereisapennanenlsteelarchacrossMainstreetbearinganeonsignwhichreadsWELCOMETORENOTHEBIGGESTLITTLECITYINTHEWORLD.Itisaquietlittle(own.WecanseethroughourwindshieldalmosttotheendofMainStreet,adozenblocksaway.Everythingissharptotheeyeatthisaltitude,theskyisimmaculate,andthemorningjazzcomingfromthedashboardisperky.Itisacleantown.Thegrealgamblingpalacesaremodernisticbattleshipgrey,andalltheirneonsignsarelitinthesunshine.Thetrafficlightschangeandourvehiclemovescautiouslyahead.Butablockonwearehaltedbyapolicemanwhostepsoffthesidewalk,hestopsatruckcomingtheotherway,andescortsanoldladyslowlyacrossthestreet.Shegoesintothesedatebankan<itrustcompanynexttowhichisanelegantwomen*sclothingstoreandnexttothatastorewith°Crapsningoldlettersonitswindows.SomestoresfeatureMHorseBetting0,others“Casino”,andothers44WeddingRings”.Inthismomentaryhaltaloudbuzzingdrawsourattention.Agamblingemporiumonthelefttglisteninginside9isbroadcastingthebuzzingnoiseintothestreetandflashingasignoverthesidewalkwhichsays“jackpot”.indicatingthatsomewherewithinacustomerhasstruckthefullcount.Thepoliceman,whowearbgold-framedeyeglasses,wavebusvn,butawomanKepsuptudiesidewindowofourvehicle.Sheiscanyingathree-month-oldbabyonherann,andasuitcase.Thewoman："Am1headedrightforthecourthouse,Mister?"Driver,svoice：°Straightononeblockandthentwoleft.MThewoman：uThankyoukindly.It'sawfullyconfusinghere.”Driver'svoice：”Itsureis,ma'am.”Shestepsbacktothesidewalk.Thereisaruralpathosinhereyesanuprootedqualityintheintensemistrustwithwhichshewalks.Sheisthin,andherpolka-dotdressistoolarge.Sheisclutchingthebabyandthesuitcase,asthoughshewerecontinuouslycountingthem.FromthepassagewecaninferthatRenois.A.atownofcontrasts B.atownofcommercialimportanceCatownoffinearchitecture D.atownofholidayattractionsThepolicemanstopsthetruck.toavoidcollisionwiththewriter'svehiclebecausetrafficlightshavechangedtoletthewriter*svehiclepasssothatpedestrianscancrossthestreetsafelyThemostpopularentertainingactivityinRenoisperhaps.A.watchinghorseraces B.playinggamesformoneyC.windowshopping D.strikingthefullcountThewomanaskingfordirectionsseemsapoorcountrywidowlookslikeahomelesshousewifefindsurbanenvironmentpuzzlingtendstomistrustothersPassageSixThemensetoffinsilence.Pedrowalkedwithhisdagafewpacesbehindtheboys.WhenneighborssawthemwalkingalonginthisformationtheywouldsaythatPedrolookedlikeaveritablepatronstridingbehindhispeons.YetthereweremorningswhenPedrotalkedtotheboysinthecourseoftheirtwo-hourwalktothefields,givingadviceortelling,whatworkhadtobedone.Theboys,however,spokeonlyinanswertoaquestion.Outoftheirfather'searshottheywouldjokea-bouttheirsweetheartsorvisitstothesaloonsofCuahnahuac.Butthismorningtheymovedsilentlydowntheroad.Itwasstillbarelylight.Allaroundthem,justbeyondthefaredgesofthefields,theblue-greenslopesofthepine-coveredmountainsrosethroughthemorningmist,PedroandRicardowereheadedforthemountainslopecornfieldwhichtheyhadclearedtheyearbefore.Thiswascommunallandbelongingtothemunicipalitywhichconsistedofsevenvillages;anyonecouldworkit.Mewclearingshadtobemadeeverytwoorthreeyears,forheavyrainswashedthetopsoilaway.ToacquirenewfieldsPedroandhissonsburnedthebrushandweeds,cutdownyoungtrees,andbuiltnewstonefences.Theboysworkedwell；theyhadthelargestmountainclearinginAzteca.Butthecropscouldsupplyenoughcomandbeansforonlythreeorfourmonths.SoPedrohadtotryothermeansofearningalivingwell-makingropefrommagueyfiber,sellingpluntd,hiringouthix50nsasiann-hands.Onethinghewouldnotdotoearnmoneywastomakecharcoalforsale,assomanyofhisneighboadid.Thispracticetheknew,waswastefulofthepreciousoakandpineforestsandultimatelyruinedland.Hehadbeenoneoftheleadersinthestruggleforthepreservationofthecommunalforestlands.Sohemadecharcoalonlyonceayearandonlyfortheuseofhisfamily.Whatdidtheneighborsmeanwhentheysaid“Pedrolookedlikeaveritablepatronstridingbehindhispeons"?TheymeantPedro.lookedlikeareallandowner9incommandofhispeasantlaborershadtomakesurehissonswalkquicklyenoughtookgoodcareofhissonsbehavedlikeanarmygeneralAcconlingtothepassagewhatsortoffatherwasPedro?A.Alovingfather. B.Astrictfather.C.Anauthoritarianfather. D.Asilentfather.Whatisnotmentionedinthe