賓語(yǔ)從句大全教學(xué)提綱

賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作、行為的對(duì)象，是動(dòng)作的承受者。賓語(yǔ)由名詞、代詞、不定式或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞、短語(yǔ)來(lái)?yè)?dān)任。當(dāng)然,也可以由一個(gè)句子來(lái)充當(dāng),稱(chēng)之為賓語(yǔ)從句；英語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞后必須有賓語(yǔ)；除及物動(dòng)詞有賓語(yǔ)之外，英語(yǔ)介詞后面也要有賓語(yǔ)；某些形容詞如worth,careful等后也可有賓語(yǔ)；賓語(yǔ)有直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)之分。即指人的間接賓語(yǔ)和指物的直接賓語(yǔ)，這兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)統(tǒng)稱(chēng)為"雙賓語(yǔ)"。me.Give4.the+形容詞/v-ed/v-ing結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語(yǔ)。1)Theyoungshouldrespectthedyingandthewounded.2)Theywenttohelp3)Theyaresearchingfor二．非謂語(yǔ)類(lèi)作賓語(yǔ)1．不定式作賓語(yǔ).togotoschool.Wealllikecomplaining.heisright.whatImean?Doyouunderstandwhetherthereareanychemist'sshopsinthisstreet.whateverheneeds.whomeverwecantrust.whoeverneedshelpawarmsupport.reading.theprofessor?us?Aretheysatisfiedwithcheating.talkingaboutitwiththem.Ithinkitnoneednevertoborrowmoney.HemakesitaruleDidyoumakeitclearIthinkitverystrangewhyshedidn'tcome?thathegoesoutwalkingalmosteverynight.ifyouarrivelate.2.下面幾種情況，通常要用介詞to或for引起的短語(yǔ)：1).當(dāng)直接賓語(yǔ)是人稱(chēng)代詞（it／them）時(shí)。如：ThewatchisLiLei's.Pleasegiveittohim.。2).當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)間接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)。如：Mothercooksbreakfastforuseveryday.3).當(dāng)間接賓語(yǔ)比直接賓語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)時(shí)。如：Onthebus,heoftengiveshisseattoanoldperson.4)由to連接間接賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：give,lend,bring,show,tell,write,send,hand,teach,offer,sell,promise,pass,take等.5)由for連接間接賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：buy,make,leave,do,choose,order,sing,win,cook,get等Iwillaskaquestionofhim.少數(shù)不及物動(dòng)詞能帶一個(gè)在詞根上與動(dòng)詞相同或相近意義的賓語(yǔ)，即同源賓語(yǔ)1.能帶同源賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：lead,live,die,sleep,dream,breathe,smile,laugh,fight,run,sing等。2.同源賓語(yǔ)前面可帶形容詞作定語(yǔ)。這時(shí)，“動(dòng)詞+定語(yǔ)+同源賓語(yǔ)”的結(jié)構(gòu)在意義上相當(dāng)于“動(dòng)詞+與定語(yǔ)意義相同的狀語(yǔ)”。二者相比，前者語(yǔ)氣更強(qiáng)一些。Wesleptacomfortablesleeplastnight.(=Wesleptcomfortablylastnight.)fightagoodfightbreatheadeepbreathsmileaforcedsmilelaughafoolishlaugh3.同源賓語(yǔ)的修飾語(yǔ)是形容詞最高級(jí)或含有最高級(jí)意義時(shí)，該同源賓語(yǔ)?？梢允∪ァoushouldrunyourfastest（race）.學(xué)習(xí)賓語(yǔ)從句要抓住三要素：連接詞、語(yǔ)序和時(shí)態(tài)。thephonenumber.phonenumberis.thathewouldcomeherelateron.3從屬連詞that(陳述句),if,whether（是否），連接代詞who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whatever,whichever等.連接代詞一般指疑問(wèn),但what,whatever除了指疑問(wèn)外,也可以指陳述.連接副詞when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.找出并翻譯下列句中的賓語(yǔ)從句3Nobodyknewwhetherhecouldpasstheexam.4DoyouknowwhohaswonRedAlertgame?5ThebookwillshowyouwhatthebestCEOsshouldknow.6Hedidn’ttellmewhenweshouldmeetagain.7Couldyoupleasetellmehowyouusethenewpanel（新的操作盤(pán)）?8Noneofusknowswherethesenewpartscanbebought.（一）that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句（在非正式場(chǎng)合that可以省略）只起連接作用，無(wú)詞意，通常第一個(gè)that可省。可跟that從句做賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：say,think,insist,wish,hope,demand,imagine,wonder,know,suppose,see,believe,agree,admit,deny,expect,explain,order,command,feel,dream,suggest,hear,mean,notice,prefer,request,require,propose,declare,report等。Theboybelievesthathewilltravelthroughspacetootherplanets.2在以下情況中that不能省略1）、當(dāng)句中的動(dòng)詞后接多于兩個(gè)由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，第一個(gè)that可省，但后面的that不可省。Ibelieve（that）youhavedoneyourbestandthingswillgetbetter．that2）當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與that賓語(yǔ)從句之間有插入語(yǔ)時(shí)，that一般不可省。JustthenInoticed,forthefirsttime,thatourmasterwaswearinghisfinegreencoatandhisblacksilkcap.當(dāng)that從句是雙賓語(yǔ)中的直接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，that不可省。Ican’ttellhimthathismotherdied.4）當(dāng)it作形式賓語(yǔ)時(shí)例句：Shemadeitclearthatshehadnothingtodowithhim．—Whatdidhehear?他聽(tīng)說(shuō)了什么事？—ThatKatehadpassedtheexam.(他聽(tīng)說(shuō))凱特考試及格了。3賓語(yǔ)從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是think,believe,suppose,expect等詞，而賓語(yǔ)從句的意思是否定時(shí)，常把否定轉(zhuǎn)移至主句表示。1)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主語(yǔ)是第一人稱(chēng)而且為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句的否定詞一般要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上來(lái),其反義疑問(wèn)句一般與賓語(yǔ)從句一致.(不包含帶有否定前綴的詞，Shedoesn'texpectthatwearecomingsosoon,doesshe?3）在think,believe,suppose,guess等及物動(dòng)詞及I’mafraid等表達(dá)的后面，可用so,或not代替一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，so代替肯定句，not代替否定句，該賓語(yǔ)從句通常是上文提到的一件事。guess和whether和if通用，都表示“是否”的意思。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，后者比較正式，在口語(yǔ)中前者常用來(lái)代替后者。但兩者有時(shí)具有不同的暗示。用whether時(shí)，正反兩面的選擇意義較強(qiáng)，問(wèn)話(huà)人并不在意回答是肯定還是否定；而用if時(shí)，則比較強(qiáng)調(diào)單方面，即正面，問(wèn)話(huà)人希望得到肯定的回答。另外，還要注意從以下六個(gè)方面的高頻考點(diǎn)：一、whether和if都可以與ornot連用；但whether和ornot寫(xiě)在一起時(shí)，或在動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)后，只能用whether，不能用if。如：●Idon'tcarewhether(或if)itwillrainornot．●Idon't●Idon'tcarecarewhetherornotoritwillitrain.will(不用if)rain.(不用if)aboutwhethernot二、在引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，應(yīng)注意：1、表示“是否”時(shí)，兩詞都能引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。①I(mǎi)don'tknowwhether/ifIwillbeabletocome.我不知道我是否能來(lái).②Sheaskedmewhether/ifIwasinterestedinworkingforher.她問(wèn)我是否有興趣為她工作。③We'llbetoldtomorrowwhetherweshouldtaketheexamornot.我們明天才知道是不是應(yīng)該參加考試.④Iaskedhimwhetherhehaddonealltheworkhimselforwhetherhehadhadanyassistance.我問(wèn)他這些工作都是他自己做的還是別人幫他做的.⑤Iwonderif/whetheryoucanexaminehimnow．(注意:在兩個(gè)供選擇的從句之間若用or字,則須重復(fù)whether一字.)注:⑴當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ)從句并將其提前時(shí)只能用whether。如:WhetherI'llhavetimetogowithyouIamnotsure.我很難說(shuō)我們是否有時(shí)間跟你們一起去。IaskedTomifMarywouldn’tcome．4、動(dòng)詞discuss，decide,consider等后習(xí)慣上也常用Whether引導(dǎo)從句，不用orit3、在名詞后作同位語(yǔ)時(shí)，只能用whether。Thequestionwhethertheyoughttostopworkingwasdiscussedamongtheworkers．Ihavenoideawhetherheisthere．knowiswhethertherewillbeenoughsnow．Idon’tknowwhetherornothewillcome.我不知道他是不是回來(lái)。I'llbehappywhether/ifIgetthejobornot我能不能得到那份工作都一樣高興。注意：當(dāng)ornot放在whether引導(dǎo)的從句句尾，則可以用if來(lái)替換。7、當(dāng)whether和or連用表示明確的選擇時(shí)，只用whether不用if。HeaskedmewhetherIwantedtogotherebytrainorbybus.他問(wèn)我是想乘火車(chē)還是坐公共汽車(chē)去那里。Hehesitatedaboutwhetherheshoulddriveortakethetrain.他開(kāi)車(chē)去還是坐火車(chē)去,猶豫不決注:whether和or連用還可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,此時(shí)也不用if。如：We'llgoonwiththework,whetherwecanfindthenecessarytoolsornot.不管我們能否找到所需的工具,我們要把這件工作做下去。Whetherornotitrains/Whetheritrainsornot,we'replayingfootballonSaturday.無(wú)論下不下雨,我們星期六一定踢足球.8、在動(dòng)詞不定式之前，只能用whether，不能用if。①ThequestioniswhethertogotoMunichorVienna.問(wèn)題是去慕尼黑還是去維也納.②Shedoesn'tknowwhethertogetmarriednoworwait.是否現(xiàn)在結(jié)婚或是等待她不知道。③Wewerewonderingwhethertogotodayortomorrow.我們弄不清是今天走還是明天走.④I'mnotsurewhethertoresignorstayon.我拿不準(zhǔn)主意是辭職還是留任.四、if可引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，譯作“如果”，whether可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，譯作“不管、無(wú)論”。We'llgoonwiththework,whetherwecanfindthenecessarytoolsornot.不管我們能否找到所需的工具,我們要把這件工作做下去。Whetherornotitrains/Whetheritrainsornot,we'replayingfootballonSaturday.無(wú)論下不下雨,我們星期六一定踢足球.五、whether和if均可用來(lái)引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，但if引導(dǎo)的從句不能位于句首。Whethertheywinorloseisallthesametome.他們是贏是輸於我都一樣.（此時(shí)whether不能換作if）It'sdoubtfulwhetherthere'llbeanyseatsleft.說(shuō)不上還有沒(méi)有空座位了.(此句whether能換作if)六、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句用whether引導(dǎo)不用if.Thedoubtwaswhetheryouhadbrokenthebeautifulvase.疑問(wèn)是你是否打壞了這只漂亮的花瓶。Thequestionwhetherwe'llbuildanotherlecturebuildinghasn'tbeensettled.是否要另建一幢教學(xué)樓的問(wèn)題還未決定。（三）連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句這樣的賓語(yǔ)從句實(shí)際上是由特殊疑問(wèn)句變化而來(lái)的，賓語(yǔ)從句要用陳述句語(yǔ)序。用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞常常是：see,say,tell,ask,answer,know,decide,show,findout,imagine,suggest,doubt,wonder,discover,understand,inform,advise等。②連接代詞：who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)或者表語(yǔ)。連接代詞一般指疑問(wèn),但what,whatever除了指疑問(wèn)外,也可以指陳述.DoyouknowwhohaswonRedAlertgame?Haveyoudeterminedwhetheryoushouldbuy,aMotorolaorNokiacellphone?你決定好是買(mǎi)諾基亞還是摩托羅拉的電話(huà)了嗎?Hedidn’ttellmewhenweshouldmeetagain.他沒(méi)有告訴我什么時(shí)候我們能再見(jiàn)四.賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)：1、主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句根據(jù)實(shí)際情況使用任何時(shí)態(tài)。3、當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句表示的是一個(gè)客觀真理或者事實(shí)時(shí)，即使主句是過(guò)去時(shí)，從句也用一般現(xiàn)例句：Theteachertoldhisclassthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.五賓語(yǔ)從句中的語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法虛擬語(yǔ)氣是一種動(dòng)詞形式，表示說(shuō)話(huà)人的一種愿望，假設(shè)，懷疑，猜測(cè)，建議等含義，虛擬語(yǔ)氣所表示的含義不是客觀存在的事實(shí)。IwishIhadmetthatfilmstaryesterday.HowIwishitwouldn’traintomorrow.2.在表示含有“愿望、建議、命令”等詞的各種從句中，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用（should+do）一堅(jiān)持二命令三建議四要求i-和-s雙重性Insist,order,command,advise,suggest,propose,demand,desire,request,requireinsist/suggestItwassuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputoffnextweek.Thesuggestionthatthemeeting(should)beputofftillnextweeksurprisedusalot.Thesuggestionisthatthemeeting(should)……….注：suggest表“暗示”，表明之意時(shí)，insist表示“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，硬要說(shuō)”之意時(shí)，不用虛擬。Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathewassatisfiedwithourwork.Themaninsistedthathehadneverstolenthemoney.HeinsistedthathewasaPartymemberandbesenttothefront.六、賓語(yǔ)從句的特殊式1.復(fù)合連接代詞在賓語(yǔ)從句中的使用。如：Sarahhopestobecomeafriendofwhoeversharesherinterest.（whoever=anyonewho/anypersonwho）ThesewildflowersaresospecialIwoulddowhateverIcantosavethem.（whatever=anythingItisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachildwhateverheorshewants.whatever在此處是泛指，不可被what替代。而“Ican’trememberatthemomentwhohassaidthewords.”中的who表特定的某人，不可以改成whoever。2.it作形式賓語(yǔ)，從句作真正賓語(yǔ)。（1）動(dòng)詞+it+important/necessary/natural/etc.+thatclause。thatclause中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前可加should，亦可省略。如：Ithinkitimportantthatyou（should）attendtheconference.（2）動(dòng)詞+it+as+名詞/形容詞+clause。如：Thelecturertakesitasencouragingwhensomanystudentsattendhislecture.（3）動(dòng)詞+it+介詞+thatclause。常見(jiàn)的有：oweittosb.+thatclause（把……歸功于某人），leaveittosb.+thatclause（把……留給某人去做），takeitforgranted+thatclause（想當(dāng)然），keepitinmind+thatclause（記住……）。如：Ijusttookitforgrantedthathe’dalwaysbearound.Youmaydependonitthathewillturnupintime.你可以相信他會(huì)及時(shí)趕到的。Youmaydependonitthatweshallalwayshelpyou.（盡管放心，我們會(huì)隨時(shí)幫你的。）I’llseetoitthatalltheseletterswillbesenttothepostbeforetwelve.我將注意...Wouldyouseetoitthatshegetshomeearly?（你負(fù)責(zé)保證她早到家，好嗎？）Heinsistedonitthathewasinnocent.（他堅(jiān)持說(shuō)自己是無(wú)辜的。）Ileaveittoyourownjudgementwhetheryoushoulddoit.（我讓你自己判斷這事是否該做。）Weoweittoyouthattherewasn’taseriousaccident.（多虧了你才沒(méi)有發(fā)生嚴(yán)重事故。）(4)某些表示“喜怒哀樂(lè)”的動(dòng)詞，如like,enjoy,love,hate,dislike,prefer,appreciate等，往往不能直接接賓語(yǔ)從句；或者當(dāng)它們后接if從句或when從句，通常應(yīng)先在動(dòng)詞后接it作形式賓語(yǔ)。Idon’tlikeitthathe’ssolazy.（我不喜歡他那么懶惰。）Idon’tlikeitwhenshopassistantsfollowmearound.我不喜歡店員跟在我后面.Ihateitifyousaysuchthingsinpublic.我討厭你在大庭廣眾之下說(shuō)那樣的事。Hehatesitwhenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.他討厭別人邊說(shuō)話(huà)邊吃東西。preferitifIdidn’thavetodosomuchwork.要是我不必做那么多工作那就太好了。Iwouldappreciateitverymuchifyouwouldhelpmewithit.感激。(5.)用于haveitthat(說(shuō)，認(rèn)為)，takeitthat(認(rèn)為)等個(gè)別固定表達(dá)中。如：Itakeit(that)youagree.我以為你同意了。Weallconsiderwhatyousaidtobeunbelievable.我們都認(rèn)為你所說(shuō)的是不可信的.Wediscoveredwhatwehadlearnedtobevaluable.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)簡(jiǎn)化賓語(yǔ)從句的方法方法一：當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是hope，decide，wish，choose，agree，promise等，且賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句可簡(jiǎn)化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：LiMinghopeshewillbebackverysoon.→LiMinghopesto