2023學(xué)年完整公開課版Layout of electrical diagrams 電氣圖布局

Layoutofelectricaldiagrams電氣圖布局《工程識圖與電氣CAD》EngineeringDrawingReadingAndElectricCADTeachingResourcesDatabaseofNationalVocationalEducationPowerSupplyTechnologyBilingualCourses課程負(fù)責(zé)人：蘇曉蘭陳忠Courseleader:SuXiaolanChenzhong目錄

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CONTENTS03/電氣圖的讀圖方法Methodofrecognizingelectricaldiagram04/文字標(biāo)注規(guī)則Therulesoftextannotation05/電氣圖的讀圖方法Methodofrecognizingelectricaldiagram06/讀圖的一般步驟Generalstepsofrecognizingdiagram01/圖線的布局Thelayoutoftheline02/電氣圖分類Electricaldiagramclassification課程負(fù)責(zé)人：蘇曉蘭陳忠Courseleader:SuXiaolanChenzhongLayoutofelectricaldiagrams電氣圖布局表示導(dǎo)線、信號通路、連接線等的圖線一般應(yīng)為直線，即橫平豎直，盡可能減少交叉和彎折。Thelinesrepresentingwires,signalpaths,connectinglines,etc.generallyshouldbestraight,thatis,horizontalandvertical,soastominimizecrossoverandbending.圖線的布局Thelayoutoftheline1水平布置Horizontalarrangement按行布置，從上到下，連線水平布置，類似項(xiàng)目縱向?qū)R。Arrangebyrow,fromtoptobottom,andlinearrangeshorizontally,similartoverticalalignmentofitems.垂直布置Verticalarrangement按列排列，從左到右，連線垂直布置。Arrangebycolumns,fromlefttoright,andlinearrangesvertically.交叉布置Intersectingarrangement連接成對稱的布局，遵循交叉點(diǎn)通斷原則，無黑圓點(diǎn)則無電聯(lián)系。Connectedintoasymmetricallayout,followthecross-pointpass-offprinciple,noblackdotisnoelectriccontact.1.Thelayoutoftheline

圖線的布局Layoutofelectricaldiagrams電氣圖布局2.Electricaldiagramclassification

電氣圖分類12功能布局法Functionallayoutmethod位置布局法PositionlayoutmethodLayoutofelectricaldiagrams電氣圖布局ClicktoaddTitle1布局順序應(yīng)是從左到右或從上到下。Layoutordershouldbelefttorightortoptobottom.3.Methodofrecognizingelectricaldiagram

電氣圖的讀圖方法Layoutofelectricaldiagrams電氣圖布局ClicktoaddTitle2

如果信息流或能量流從右到左或從上到下，以及流向?qū)磮D都不明顯時(shí)，應(yīng)在連接線上畫開口箭頭。開口箭頭不應(yīng)與其他符號相鄰近。Iftheflowofinformationorenergyisfromrighttoleftorfromtoptobottom,andtheflowisnotobvioustotheview,openarrowsshouldbedrawnontheconnectinglines.

Openarrowsshouldnotbeclosetoothersymbols.Layoutofelectricaldiagrams電氣圖布局3.Methodofrecognizingelectricaldiagram

電氣圖的讀圖方法ClicktoaddTitle3

在閉合電路中，前向通路上的信息流方向應(yīng)該是從左到右或從上到下。反饋通路的方向則相反。Inaclosedcircuit,thedirectionofinformationflowonaforwardpathshouldbelefttorightortoptobottom.Thefeedbackpathwaygoesintheoppositedirection.Layoutofelectricaldiagrams電氣圖布局3.Methodofrecognizingelectricaldiagram

電氣圖的讀圖方法ClicktoaddTitle4圖的引入引出線最好畫在圖紙邊框附近。Thelead-inandlead-outlinesofthedrawingarebestdrawnnearthedrawingborder.Layoutofelectricaldiagrams電氣圖布局3.Methodofrecognizingelectricaldiagram

電氣圖的讀圖方法4.Therulesoftextannotation

文字標(biāo)注規(guī)則就近標(biāo)注原則Nearbylabelingprinciple相同原則identicalprincipleLayoutofelectricaldiagrams電氣圖布局3項(xiàng)目代號標(biāo)注應(yīng)盡量靠近圖形符號的上方，水平布置標(biāo)其上，垂直布置標(biāo)其左。

Projectcodemarksshouldbeascloseaspossibletothetopofthegraphicsymbol,horizontallayoutmarksonthetop,verticallayoutmarksontheleft.電路圖的線號如果必須標(biāo)出連線規(guī)格，采用就近原則用引出線標(biāo)注，若標(biāo)注太多，使用明細(xì)表。Ifthelinenumberofthecircuitdiagrammustbemarkedwiththelinespecification,usethenearestprincipletomarkwiththeleadline,iftoomanymarks,usethedetailedlist.數(shù)字符號一般按支路中電流的流向順序編排，遵循自左向右和自上向下的原則。Numericsymbolsaregenerallyarrangedaccordingtotheorderofcurrentflowinthebranch,followingtheprincipleoflefttorightandtoptobottom.Layoutofelectricaldiagrams電氣圖布局4.Therulesoftextannotation

文字標(biāo)注規(guī)則應(yīng)具有電工學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)知識圖形符號和文字符號要熟記會用掌握各類電氣圖的繪制特點(diǎn)把電氣圖與其他相關(guān)圖紙對應(yīng)起來讀圖了解涉及電氣圖的有關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和規(guī)程基本要求Basicrequirements5.Methodofrecognizingelectricaldiagram

電氣圖的讀圖方法Layoutofelectricaldiagrams電氣圖布局ShouldhavethebasicknowledgeofelectricalengineeringGraphicsymbolsandtextsymbolsshouldbememorizedandusedMasterthedrawingcharacteristicsofvariouselectricaldiagramsMatchingtheelectricaldiagramswiththeotherrelevantdiagramsandrecognizethemLearnabouttherelevantstandardsandproceduresforelectricaldiagrams2詳看圖紙說明Lookatthedrawinginstructionsindetail再看系統(tǒng)圖Andthenlookatthesystemdiagram閱讀電路圖Readthecircuitdiagram對看接線圖Lookatthewiringdiagrambycomparison仔細(xì)閱讀圖紙的主標(biāo)題欄和有關(guān)說明，如圖紙目錄、技術(shù)說明、元件明細(xì)表等,整體了解概況。Carefullyreadthemaintitlebarofthedrawingandrelevantinstructions,suchasdrawingcatalog,technicaldescription,componentlist,etc.,tounderstandtheoverallsituationofthesolution.了解整個(gè)系統(tǒng)或分系統(tǒng)的基本組成，相互關(guān)系及其主要特征等。Tounderstandthebasiccomposition,interrelationshipandmaincharacteristicsofthewholesystemorsub-system.接線圖和電路圖互相對照讀圖，搞清線路走向和連接方法，進(jìn)而搞清整個(gè)電路來龍去脈。Thewiringdiagramiscontrastedwiththecircuitdiagramand

understandeachother,tofindoutthedirectionofthelineandtheconnectionmethod,andthentofindoutthewholecircuit.（核心，讀圖的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)，詳見下頁）(Thecore,thekeypointsanddifficultiesofrecognizingthediagram,seethenextpage)6.Generalstepsofrecognizingdiagram

讀圖的一般步驟Layoutofelectricaldiagrams電氣圖布局2首先要看其圖形符號和文字符號，了解電路圖各組成部分的作用、分清主電路和輔助電路，交流回路和直流回路。其次，按照先看主電路，再看輔助電路的順序進(jìn)行讀圖。Firstofall,lookatitsgraphicalandtextsymbols,understandtheroleofthevariouscomponentsofthecircuitdiagram,themaincircuitandauxiliarycircuit,ACcircuitandDCcircuit.Secondly,readthegraphintheorderoffirstlookingatthemaincircuitandthenattheauxiliarycircuittoreadthediagram.閱讀電路圖ReadthecircuitdiagramLayoutofelectricaldiagrams電氣圖布局6.Generalstepsofrecognizingdiagram

讀圖的一般步驟看主電路時(shí)，通常要從下往上看，即先從用電設(shè)備開始，經(jīng)控制元件，順次往電源端看；Lookatthemaincircuit,usuallyfromthebottomup,thatis,startingfromtheelectricalequipment,throughthecontrolelements,lookdownto