2016年山東大學(xué)考博英語完形填空與閱讀理解

完形填空（2003年1月六級(jí)真題）Directions:

Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD)ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Whenwomendobecomemanagers,dotheyringadifferentstyleanddifferentskillstothejob?Aretheybetter,orworse,managersthanmen?Arewomenmorehighlymotivatedand__71__thanmalemanagers?Someresearch__72__theideathatwomenbringdifferentattitudesandskillstomanagementjobs,suchasgreater__73__,anemphasisonaffiliationandattachment,anda__74__tobringemotionalfactorstobear__75__makingworkplacedecisions.Thesedifferencesare__76_tocarryadvantagesforcompanies,__77__theyexpandtherangeoftechniquesthatcanbeusedto__78__thecompanymanageitsworkforce__79__.AstudycommissionedbytheInternationalWomen’sForum__80__amanagementstyleusedbysomewomenmanagers(andalsobysomemen)that__81__fromthecommand-and-controlstyle__82__usedbymalemanagers.Usingthis“interactiveleadership”approach,“women__83__participation,sharepowerandinformation,__84__otherpeople’sself-worth,andgetothersexcitedabouttheirwork.Allthese__85__reflecttheirbeliefthatallowing__86__tocontributeandtofeel__87__andimportantisawin-win__88__—goodfortheemployeesandtheorganization.”Thestudy’sdirector__89__that“interactiveleadershipmayemerge__90__themanagementstyleofchoiceformanyorganizations.”71.A)confrontedB)commandedC)confinedD)committed72.A)supportsB)arguesC)opposesD)despises73.A)combinationB)cooperativenessC)coherenceD)correlation74.A)willingnessB)loyaltyC)sensitivityD)virtue75.A)byB)inC)atD)with76.A)disclosedB)watchedC)revisedD)seen77.A)thereforeB)whereasC)becauseD)nonetheless78.A)helpB)enableC)supportD)direct79.A)evidentlyB)preciselyC)aggressivelyD)effectively80.A)developedB)inventedC)discoveredD)located81.A)derivesB)differsC)descendsD)detaches82.A)inherentlyB)traditionallyC)conditionallyD)occasionally83.A)encourageB)dismissC)disapproveD)engage84.A)enhanceB)enlargeC)ignoreD)degrade85.A)themesB)subjectsC)researchesD)things86.A)managersB)womenC)employeesD)males87.A)faithfulB)powerfulC)skillfulD)thoughtful88.A)situationB)statusC)circumstanceD)position89.A)

predictedB)proclaimedC)defiedD)diagnosed90.A)intoB)fromC)asD)for參考答案：71.D72.A73.B74.A75.B76.D77.C78.A79.D80.C81.B82.B83.A84.A85.D86.C87.B88.A89.A90.C閱讀理解第一篇（95年六級(jí)）Therelationshipbetweenthehomeand

marketeconomieshasgonethroughtwodistinctstages.Earlyindustrializationbegantheprocessoftransferringsomeproductionprocesses(e.g.clothmaking,sewingandcanningfoods)fromthehometothe

marketplace.Althoughthehome

economy

couldstillproducethesegoods,theprocesseswere

laborious

(費(fèi)力的)andthemarket

economy

wasusuallymoreefficient.Soon,themoreimportantsecondstagewasevident

—

themarketplacebeganproducinggoodsandservicesthathadneverbeenproducedbythehome

economy,andthehome

economy

wasunabletoproducethem(e.g.electricityandelectricalappliances,theautomobile,advancededucation,sophisticatedmedicalcare).Inthesecondstage,thequestionofwhetherthehomeeconomy

waslessefficientinproducingthesenewgoodsandserviceswasirrelevant;ifthefamilyweretoenjoythesefruitsofindustrialization,theywouldhavetobeobtainedinthe

marketplace.Thetraditionalwaysoftakingcareoftheseneedsinthehome,suchasinnursingthesick,became

sociallyunacceptable(and,inmostseriouscases,probablyless

successful).Justastheappearanceoftheautomobilemadetheuseofthehorse-drawncarriageillegalandthenimpractical,andtheappearanceoftelevisionchangedtheradiofromasource

ofentertainmenttoa

source

ofbackgroundmusic,somostofthefruitsofeconomicgrowthdidnotincreasetheoptionsavailabletothehome

economy

toeitherproducethegoodsorservicesorpurchasetheminthe

market.Growthbroughtwithitincreasedvarietyin

consumer

goods,butnotincreasedflexibilityforthehome

economy

inobtainingthesegoodsandservices.Instead,economicgrowthbroughtwithitincreasedconsumer

relianceonthe

marketplace.Inordertoconsumethesenewgoodsandservices,thefamilyhadtoenterthe

marketplaceaswageearnersand

consumers.The

neoclassical(新古典主義Thepaceofmodernsciencemakesitincreasinglydifficulttobeagreatresearcherandagreatteacher.Yetmanyaredescribedinjustthoseterms.Thosewhosaywecanseparateteachingandresearchsimplydonotunderstandthesystembutthosewhosaytheproblemwilldisappeararenotfulfillingtheirresponsibilities.31.Whatideadoestheauthorwanttoconveyinthefirstparagraph?A)Itiswrongtooverestimatetheimportanceofteaching.B)Teachingandresearcharecontradictorytoeachother.C)Researchcanneverbeemphasizedtoomuch.D)Therelationshipbetweenteachingandresearchshouldnotbesimplified.32.Inacademicpromotionsresearchuniversitiesstillattachmoreimportancetoresearchpartlybecause________.A)researchimprovesthequalityofteachingB)studentswhowanttobechallengedappreciateresearchprofessorsC)itisdifficulttoevaluateteachingqualityobjectivelyD)professorwithachievementsinresearchareusuallyresponsibleandtough33.Accordingtothefourthparagraph,whichofthefollowingwilltheauthorprobablyagreewith?A)Distinguishedprofessorsatresearchuniversitiesshouldconcentrateonresearchonly.B)Theseparationofteachingfromresearchcanlowerthequalityoffuturescientists.C)Itisofutmostimportancetoimproveteachinginelementaryschoolsinordertotrainnewscientists.D)Therapiddevelopmentsofmodernsciencemakeitimpossibletocombineteachingwithresearch.34.Thetitleofprofessorshouldbegivenonlytothosewho,firstandforemost,do________.A)teachingB)fieldworkC)scientificresearchD)investigation35.Thephrase“theproblem”(Para.5,Line3)refersto________.A)raisingthestatusofteachingB)thecombinationofteachingwithresearchC)theseparationsofteachingfromresearchD)improvingthestatusofresearch參考答案：31.D32.C33.B34.A35.C第三篇（93年六級(jí)真題）“There

is

a

senseless

notion

that

children

grow

upand

leave

home

when

they’re

18,

and

the

truth

is

farfrom

that,”

says

sociologist

Larry

Bumpass

of

the

University

of

Wisconsin.

Today,

unexpectednumbers

of

young

adults

are

living

with

their

parents,“There

is

a

major

shift

in

the

middleclass,”

declares

sociologist

Allan

Schnaiberg

of

Northwester

University,

whose

son,19,

movedback

in

after

an

absence

of

eight

months.

Analysts

cite

a

variety

of

reasons

for

this

return

to

the

nest.

The

marriage

age

is

rising,

acondition

that

makes

home

and

its

pleasantness

particularly

attractive

to

young

people.

Ahigh

divorce

rate

and

a

declining

remarriage

rate

are

sending

economically

pressed

andemotionally

hurt

survivors

back

to

parental

shelters.

For

some,

the

expense

of

an

away-from-home

college

education

has

become

so

excessively

great

that

many

students

now

attend

localschools.

Even

after

graduation,

young

people

find

their

wings

clipped

by

skyrocketing

housingcosts.

Living

at

home,

says

Knighton,

a

school

teacher,

continues

to

give

her

security

and

moralsupport.

Her

mother

agreed,“It’s

ridiculous

for

the

kids

to

pay

all

that

money

for

rent.

Itmakes

sense

for

kids

to

stay

at

home.”

But

sharing

the

family

home

requires

adjustments

forall.

There

are

the

hassles

over

bathrooms,

telephones

and

privacy

(不受干擾的生活).

Somefamilies,

however,

manage

the

delicate

balancing

act.

But

for

others,

it

proves

too

difficult.Michelle

Del

Turco,24,

has

been

home

three

times-and

left

three

times.“What

I

considered

asocial

drink,

my

dad

considered

an

alcohol

problem,”

she

explains.“He

never

liked

anyone

Idated

(約會(huì)),

so

I

either

had

to

hide

away

or

meet

them

at

friends’

house.”

Just

how

long

should

adult

children

live

with

their

parents

before

moving

on?

Mostpsychologists

feel

lengthy

homecomings

are

a

mistake.

Children,

struggling

to

establishseparate

identities,

can

end

up

with

“a

sense

of

inadequacy,

defeat

and

failure.”

And

agingparents,

who

should

be

enjoying

some

financial

and

personal

freedom,

find

themselves

stuckwith

responsibilities.

Many

agree

that

brief

visits,

however,

can

work

beneficially.

21.

According

to

the

author,

there

was

once

a

trend

in

the

U.S.________.

A)

for

young

adults

to

leave

their

parents

and

live

independently

B)

for

middle

class

young

adults

to

stay

with

their

parents

C)

for

married

young

adults

to

move

back

home

after

a

lengthy

absence

D)

for

young

adults

to

get

jobs

nearby

in

order

to

live

with

their

parents

22.

Which

of

the

following

does

not

account

for

young

adults

returning

to

the

nest?

A)

Young

adults

find

housing

costs

too

high.

B)

Young

adults

are

psychologically

and

intellectually

immature.

C)

Young

adults

seek

parental

comfort

and

moral

support.

D)

Quite

a

number

of

young

adults

attend

local

schools.

23.

One

of

the

disadvantages

of

young

adults

returning

to

stay

with

their

parents

isthat

________.

A)

there

will

inevitably

be

inconveniences

in

every

day

life

B)

most

parents

find

it

difficult

to

keep

C)

the

young

adults

tend

to

be

overprotected

by

their

parents

D)

public

opinion

is

against

young

adults

staying

with

their

parents

24.

The

word

“hassles”

in

the

passage

(Line

3,

Para.3)

probably

means

________.

A)

agreements

B)

worries

C)

disadvantages

D)

quarrels

25.

According

to

the

passage

what

is

the

best

for

both

parents

and

children?

A)

They

should

adjust

themselves

to

sharing

the

family

expenses.

B)

Children

should

leave

their

parents

when

they

are

grown-up.

C)

Adult

children

should

visit

their

parents

from

time

to

time.

D)

Parents

should

support

their

adult

children

when

they

are

in

trouble.參考答案：ABADC第四篇（96年六級(jí)）RealpolicemenhardlyrecognizeanyresemblancebetweentheirlivesandwhattheyseeonTV.

Thefirstdifferenceisthatapoliceman’srealliferevolvesroundcriminallaw.Hehastoknowexactlywhatactionsarecrimesandwhatevidencecanbeusedtoprovethemincourt.Hehastoknownearlyasmuchlawasaprofessionallawyer,andwhatismore,hehastoapplyitonhisfeet,inthedarkandrain,runningdownastreetaftersomeonehewantstotalkto.

Littleofhistimeisspentinchatting.Hewillspendmostofhisworkinglifetypingmillionsofwordsonthousandsofformsabouthundredsofsad,unimportantpeoplewhoareguiltyofstupid,pettycrimes.

Mosttelevisioncrimedramaisaboutfindingthecriminal:assoonashe’sarrested,thestoryisover.Inreallife,findingcriminalsisseldommuchofaproblem.Exceptinveryseriouscaseslikemurdersandterroristattackslittleeffortisspentonsearching.

Havingmadeanarrest,adetectivereallystarttowork.Hehastoprovehiscaseincourtandtodothatheoftenhastogatheralotofdifferentevidence.來源：考試大

Atthirdbigdifferencebetweenthedramadetectiveandtherealoneistheunpleasantpressures:first,asmembersofapoliceforcetheyalwayshavetobehaveabsolutelyinaccordancewiththelaw.Secondly,asexpensivepublicservantstheyhavetogetresults.Theycanhardlyeverdoboth.Mostofthetimesomeofthemhavetobreaktherulesinsmallways.

Ifthedetectivehastodetectivetheworld,theworldoftendeceiveshim.Hardlyanyonehemeetstellshimthetruth.Andthisseparationthedetectivefeelsbetweenhimselfandtherestoftheworldisdeepenedbythesimplesmindednessasheseesit-ofcitizens,socialworkers,doctors,law-makers,andjudges,who,insteadofeliminatingcrimepunishthecriminalslessseverelyinthehopethatthiswillmakethemreform.Theresult,detectivesfeel,isthatnine-tenthsoftheirworkisre-catchingpeoplewhoshouldhavestaredbehind