(英語)高考英語試卷英語閱讀理解(科普環(huán)保)題分類匯編及解析

（英語）高考英語試卷英語閱讀理解(科普環(huán)保)題分類匯編及解析一、高中英語閱讀理解科普環(huán)保類1．犇犇閱讀短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

Robotsarenowbeingemployednotjustfordangeroustasks,suchasdiscoveringminesorrescuingpeopleindisasters.Theyarealsofindingapplicationashouseholdhelpsandasnursingassistants.Asincreasingnumbersofmachines,equippedwiththelatestartificialintelligence,takeonagrowingvarietyofspecializedandeverydaytasks,thequestionofhowpeopleseethemandbehavetowardsthembecomesevermoreurgent.

AteamledbySariNijssenofRadboudUniversityandMarkusPaulus,ProfessorofDevelopmentalPsychologyatLudwig-Maximilians-Universitaet(LMU),havecarriedoutastudytodeterminethedegreetowhichpeopleshowconcernforrobotsandbehavetowardsthembasedonmoralprinciples.

AccordingtoSariNijssen,thestudysetouttoanswerthefollowingquestion:"Underwhatcircumstanceswouldadultsbewillingtosacrificerobotstosavehumanlives?"Theparticipantswerefacedwithahypothetical(假設(shè)的)moraldilemma:Wouldtheybepreparedtoputasinglepersonatriskinordertosaveagroupofinjuredpersons?Inthesituationspresentedtheintendedvictimwaseitherahuman,ahumanoidrobotthathadbeenhumanized(人性化的)tovariousdegreesorarobotthatwasclearlyrecognizableasamachine.

Thestudysuggestedthatthemoretherobotwashumanized,thelesslikelyparticipantsweretosacrificeit.Situationsthatincludedvividstoriesinwhichtherobotwasdescribedasamercifulbeingorasacreaturewithitsownunderstandings,experiencesandthoughts,weremorelikelytostopthestudyparticipantsfromsacrificingitintheinterestsofanonymous(無名的)humans.

"Thisresultindicatesthatourstudygroupattachedacertainmoralstatustotherobot,"saysPaulus."Onepossiblesuggestionofthisfindingisthatattemptstohumanizerobotsshouldnotgotoofar.Sucheffortscouldcomeintoconflictwiththeirintendedfunction—tobeofhelptous."（1）Whathasbecomeaconcernaboutrobots?A.

Howtohumanizethem.B.

Howtotreattheminlife.C.

Howtousethemeffectively.D.

Howtofindmoreapplications.（2）Inthestudytheparticipantsprobablyhavetodecide________.A.

whentosacrificearobotB.

wheretoexperiencerisksC.

whichrobottoworkwithD.

whatrobotsshouldbelike（3）WhatcanbeinferredfromPaulus'words?A.

Humanizedrobotsofferlesshelptopeople.B.

Humanizingrobotstoomuchmaybeimproper.C.

Certainmoralstatusshouldbeattachedtorobots.D.

Conflictsoftenhappenbetweenhumansandrobots.（4）Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.

Robots,AMustforFutureB.

HumanizedRobots,ANewTrendC.

RobotSaved,PeopleTaketheHitD.

HumanizedRobots,ReplaceHuman【答案】（1）B（2）A（3）B（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，隨著越來越多的機(jī)器人具有人性化，它們承擔(dān)越來越多樣化的專業(yè)和日常任務(wù)，人們?nèi)绾慰创麄?，如何對待他們的問題變的迫在眉睫。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Asincreasingnumbersofmachines,equippedwiththelatestartificialintelligence,takeonagrowingvarietyofspecializedandeverydaytasks,thequestionofhowpeopleseethemandbehavetowardsthembecomesevermoreurgent.”可知，隨著越來越多的機(jī)器裝備了最新的人工智能，承擔(dān)著越來越多的專業(yè)和日常任務(wù)，人們?nèi)绾慰创鼈円约叭绾螌Υ鼈兊膯栴}變得越來越緊迫。故選B。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“AccordingtoSariNijssen,thestudysetouttoanswerthefollowingquestion:‘Underwhatcircumstanceswouldadultsbewillingtosacrificerobotstosavehumanlives?’"可知，在這項(xiàng)研究中，參與者可能必須決定何時(shí)犧牲機(jī)器人。故選A。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的"‘Thisresultindicatesthatourstudygroupattachedacertainmoralstatustotherobot,’saysPaulus."Onepossiblesuggestionofthisfindingisthatattemptstohumanizerobotsshouldnotgotoofar.Sucheffortscouldcomeintoconflictwiththeirintendedfunction—tobeofhelptous."可知，Paulus認(rèn)為讓機(jī)器人人性化的嘗試不應(yīng)該走得太遠(yuǎn)，可以推斷出，Paulus認(rèn)為過多地人性化機(jī)器人可能是不合適的。故選B。（4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第四段中的“Thestudysuggestedthatthemoretherobotwashumanized,thelesslikelyparticipantsweretosacrificeit.”及全文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要敘述了隨著越來越多的機(jī)器人具有人性化，參與者就可能越不會(huì)犧牲機(jī)器人。因此標(biāo)題“機(jī)器人被拯救，人類就會(huì)承受打擊”最切題，故選C?！军c(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科教類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。2．犇犇閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

Tabletsarereallyusefuldevices,buttheirbigscreensalwaysmakethemasaburdentocarryaroundwithoutabag.Wouldn'titbegreatiftherewereaphonewiththepowersofatabletthatcouldbefoldedupandfitneatlyintothehand?

Nowsomethinglikeatablet-shapedbutfoldablephoneisabouttobecomeavailable.InFebruary,SouthKoreanelectronicscompanySamsungandChina'sHuaweibothlaunchedfoldablephones,theGalaxyFoldandHuaweiMateXrespectively.Mobilephoneusehasenteredthe"foldablefuture",TheVergenoted.

Thetechnologycouldchangeourlivesinsignificantways.Thesedevices,duetotheirbendablescreens,giveusthelargerscreenswewant.Meanwhile,theystillfiteasilyintothepocket.AsUSATodaynoted,they're"thecombinationofasmalltabletandsmartphone,allinasingledevice".

Thetechnologycouldchangeotherdevices,too.Forexample,wecouldmakeTVsthatsticktowallslikeposters,orfoldupeasilytohideawayindrawers.Incrowdedmodemcities,theywillhelpustomaximizeavailablespace.

Inakeynoteaddress,Samsung'sseniorvicepresidentofmobileproductmarketing,JustinDenison,calledthefoldablescreen"thefoundationforthesmartphoneoftomorrow"."It'sablankcanvas(畫布)forustodosomethingbeautifultogether."hesaid.

Soistherenothingtostandinthewayofthefoldablefuture?AccordingtotechnewswebsiteAndroidAuthority,thenecessarydisplaysweredifficulttoproduce.In2012,nineoutofevery10OLED(二極管)screensproducedwereimperfect.Today,that10percentratehasbeenimprovedtobetween50and90percent.However,atpresentthesefoldabledevicesareexpensive.Forexample,thepriceofHuaweiMateXis17,500RMB.That'sapricethatfewpeoplewillbeabletoafford.

Butifthefoldabledeviceisn'tgoingtochangetheworldovernight,thereisnodoubtthatitiscoming.PatrickMoorhead,anindustryanalysttoldTheVerge,"Fewaredebatingiffoldableorrollablemobiledisplaysarethefutureofsmartphones;theonlyquestioniswhenandbywhom."（1）Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.

Screendevicesonthemarket.

B.

Foldableageisarriving.C.

Possiblepowersofatablet.

D.

Foldablescreensareimperfect.（2）WhatcanwelearnfromJustinDenison'swords?A.

Thefoldablescreenhasgreatpotential.B.

TheGalaxyFoldstillhasmanyproblems.C.

Theproductionoffoldablephoneswillsoonincrease.D.

Companiesneedtoworktogethertodevelopfoldablephone.（3）Whatistheproblemwithfoldablephonesatthemoment?A.

Theyareeasytobreak.

B.

Theyareinconvenienttocarry.C.

Theyarenotasusefulasexpected.

D.

Theyareunaffordableformostfamilies.（4）Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardthefutureofthefoldablescreen?A.

Worried.

B.

Cautious.

C.

Positive.

D.

Unconcerned.【答案】（1）B（2）A（3）D（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了“可折疊手機(jī)的時(shí)代即將到來。”（1）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段中的“Wouldn'titbegreatiftherewereaphonewiththepowersofatabletthatcouldbefoldedupandfitneatlyintothehand?”如果有一款具有平板電腦功能的手機(jī)，可以折疊起來，整齊地放在手里，那不是很棒嗎?；以及第二段中的“Nowsomethinglikeatablet-shapedbutfoldablephoneisabouttobecomeavailable.”現(xiàn)在，類似于平板形狀的可折疊手機(jī)即將問世。可知本文主題是“可折疊手機(jī)的時(shí)代即將到來。故選B。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第五段中的“JustinDenison,calledthefoldablescreen‘thefoundationforthesmartphoneoftomorrow’.‘It'sablankcanvas(畫布)forustodosomethingbeautifultogether.’”JustinDenison稱可折疊屏幕是“未來智能手機(jī)的基礎(chǔ)”?！斑@是一塊空白的畫布，我們可以一起做一些美好的事情?！薄翱芍覀兡軓馁Z斯汀·丹尼森的話中了解到“可折疊屏幕”具有很大的潛力。”故選A。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“However,atpresentthesefoldabledevicesareexpensive.Forexample,thepriceofHuaweiMateXis17,500RMB.That'sapricethatfewpeoplewillbeabletoafford.”然而，目前這些可折疊設(shè)備價(jià)格昂貴。例如華為MateX的價(jià)格是17500元人民幣。這是一個(gè)很少有人能負(fù)擔(dān)得起的價(jià)格?？芍壳翱烧郫B手機(jī)大多數(shù)家庭都買不起。故選D。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Butifthefoldabledeviceisn'tgoingtochangetheworldovernight,thereisnodoubtthatitiscoming.”但如果這種可折疊設(shè)備不能在一夜之間改變世界，那么毫無疑問，它將會(huì)到來?？芍髡邔烧郫B屏幕的未來持的態(tài)度是積極的。故選C?！军c(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，概括歸納，從而選出正確答案。3．犇犇閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

Whenathletesatthe2020TokyoOlympicscollecttheirmedals,they'llnotonlybewearingsomethingthatcelebratestheirsportingperformance,butsomethingthatsymbolizeslastingness.Forboththe2020OlympicsandParalympics,organizersaimtomakeallofthegold,silver,andbronzemedalsoutofusedelectronics.Thisstrongmessageabouthowtomakeuseofe-wastehasgottenalotofJapaninvolved.

StartinginApril2017,theJapaneseOlympicCommitteebegancollectingoldlaptops,digitalcameras,smartphones,andotherabandonedelectronics.Theinitiative(倡議)hasachievedgreatsuccess.Already,thequantityneededforbronzemedalshasbeenmet,andthey'reinthehomestretchforsilverandgoldmedals,meaningthecollectionprocesscanpackupattheendofMarch.

Whenlookingjustatthenumberofcellphonescollected,theamountofwasteisshocking.Inaperiodofabout18months,alittleover5millionsmartphoneswerecollectedthankstocooperationwithNTTDOCOMO.Japan'slargestmobilephoneoperatorallowedthepublictoturninphonesattheirshops,whichcountedalotintheproject'ssuccess.

Afterbeingtakenapartandsorted,thesmallelectronicsunderwentasmeltingprocesstoextract(提煉)allthegold,silver,andbronzeelements.Thankstothisinitiative,theworldwidestrugglewithe-wastewillhaveaglobalplatform.AccordingtoastudypublishedbytheUnitedNationsUniversity—44.7millionmetrictonsofe-wasteweremadein2016.Only20%ofthatwasactuallyrecycled.Unfortunately,thisfigureissettorisesignificantlyinthecomingyears,movingto52.2millionmetrictonsby2021.SowhiletheTokyoOlympicsinitiativemightbejustadropinthebucket,it'sagoodstartinshowingwhatthepubliccandoifthey'remademoreawareoftheissue.（1）WhatcanbelearntaboutTokyoOlympicsinitiativefromthepassage?A.

E-wasteintheworldisincreasingsignificantly.B.

Itiseasytogetelementsneededfromtheusedelectronics.C.

Onlyproducersofelectronicsparticipatedintheproject.D.

NTTDOCOMOcontributedtothesuccessoftheproject.（2）Whichcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword"homestretch"inParagraph2?A.

startingperiod

B.

collectioneffort

C.

finalstage

D.

hardsearch（3）WhatinfluencedoestheTokyoOlympicsinitiativehave?A.

Itoffersaneffectivemethodtosolvetheproblemofe-waste.B.

Itshowsthepowerofadvancedtechnologyindailylife.C.

Itsavestheexpensespentinmakingallthemedals.D.

Itencouragesthepublic'sinvolvementindealingwithe-waste.（4）Whatisthewriter'sattitudetotheTokyoOlympicsinitiative?A.

Positive

B.

Negative

C.

Ambiguous

D.

Indifferent【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）D（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了日本將回收利用廢棄的電子產(chǎn)品中的金屬，用于制作2020年奧運(yùn)會(huì)獎(jiǎng)牌。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的"Inaperiodofabout18months,alittleover5millionsmartphoneswerecollectedthankstocooperationwithNTTDOCOMO."在大約18個(gè)月的時(shí)間里，由于與NTTDocomo的合作，收集了500多萬部智能手機(jī)，故選D。（2）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第二段中的"Already,thequantityneededforbronzemedalshasbeenmet,andthey'reinthehomestretchforsilverandgoldmedals,meaningthecollectionprocesscanpackupattheendofMarch."銅牌所需要的數(shù)量已經(jīng)達(dá)到了，并且到了最后關(guān)頭，也就是說，收集過程可以在3月底完成。inthehomestretch固定短語，“最后關(guān)頭”，故選C。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的"SowhiletheTokyoOlympicsinitiativemightbejustadropinthebucket,it'sagoodstartinshowingwhatthepubliccandoifthey'remademoreawareoftheissue."所以盡管東京奧運(yùn)會(huì)的提議只是杯水車薪，這是一個(gè)很好的開始，展示了如果公眾對這個(gè)問題有了更多的認(rèn)識，他們能做些什么。故選D。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)全文的描述，可知作者對于東京奧運(yùn)倡議是持積極的態(tài)度，故選A。【點(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及詞義猜測和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，考生需要根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。4．犇犇閱讀理解

Slowlybutsurely

we'removingcloserandcloserto5Gworld.Fromsmart-homesecuritytoself-drivingcars,alltheinternet-connecteddevicesinyourlifewillbeabletotalktoeachotheratlightning-fastspeedswithreduceddelay,Objectivelyspeaking,thefastest4GdownloadspeedsintheU.S.topoutatanaverageof19.42Mbps.Butbycomparison5Gpromisesgigabit(千兆)speeds.

“5Gisoneofthosesigns,alongwithartificialintelligence,ofthiscomingdataage,”saidSteveKoenig,seniordirectorofmarketresearchfortheConsumerTechnologyAssociation.“Theself-drivingvehicleisagreatemblemofthisdataage,andthatistosay,itisasignoftime,becausewithonesingletask,driving,youhavemassiveamountsofdatacomingfromthevehicleitself,andavarietyofsensorsarecollectingalotofinformationtomodelitsenvironmentasitmoves.It'spullingindatafromothervehiclesaboutroadconditionsdownthelane.Itcouldbeweatherinformation,butalsoconnectedinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)construction.There'slotsofdatabehindthattask,whichiswhyweneedhighspeed.

Augmentedrealityglassesandvirtualheadsethaven'tyetbrokenthemainstream,buttechcompaniesarejoyfullybettingthatthesedeviceswilleventuallyreplaceoursmartphones.With5G,thatcouldactuallyhappen.ThisisnotablebecausecompaniessuchasApplearereportedlydevelopingARglassestoassist—orperhapsevenreplace—smartphones.

EricssonstatedatFebruary'sMobileWorldCongresshowsmartglassescouldbecomefasterandlighterwitha5Gconnection,becauseinsteadofbeingweigheddownwithcomponents,theglassescouldrelyonhardwareforprocessingpower.

Butdon'tgettooexcited.There'sstillalotofworktobedoneinthemeantime,includingvarioustrialstomakesuretheradiosplaynicelywithhardwareandinfrastructureconstructionso5Gisn'tconcentratedonlyinbigcities.（1）WhatdoestheauthorwanttostressinParagraph1?A.

Thelighting-fastspeedof5G.B.

Theexpectationof5Gworld.C.

Thedifferencebetween4Gand5G.D.

Theinternet-connecteddevicesinourlife.（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"emblem"inParagraph2mean?A.

Exhibition.

B.

Success.

C.

Symbol.

D.

Explanation.（3）Wecaninferfromthetextthat________.A.

5Gworldwon'tcomewithoutARglassesB.

5GhelpstocreatetheartificialintelligencevehicleC.

ApplecompanyisdevelopingARglassesworldwideD.

Techcompanieswillfacethefactthatsmartphonesmaybereplaced（4）Whatwilltheauthorprobablytellusnext?A.

Howtofullyexpand5Gcoverage.B.

Smartglasseswillbecomefasterandlighter.C.

Why5Gisn'tconcentratedinbigcities.D.

Theimportanceofinfrastructureconstruction.【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）D（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了我們離5G世界越來越近了。（1）考查段落大意。根據(jù)第一段中的“Slowlybutsurely,we'removingcloserandcloserto5Gworld.”緩慢但肯定的是，我們離5G世界越來越近了?？芍髡咴诘谝欢蜗霃?qiáng)調(diào)“5G光速快。”故選A。（2）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第二段中的“andthatistosay,itisasignoftim”也就是說，這是時(shí)間的標(biāo)志，”可知，劃線詞的意思是“標(biāo)志，象征”。故選C。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“ThisisnotablebecausecompaniessuchasApplearereportedlydevelopingARglassestoassist—orperhapsevenreplace—smartphones.”這一點(diǎn)值得注意，因?yàn)閾?jù)報(bào)道，蘋果(Apple)等公司正在開發(fā)增強(qiáng)現(xiàn)實(shí)眼鏡，以幫助——甚至取代——智能手機(jī)?！笨芍覀兛梢詮奈闹型茢?，科技公司將面臨智能手機(jī)可能被取代的事實(shí)。故選D。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Butdon'tgettooexcited.There'sstillalotofworktobedoneinthemeantime,includingvarioustrialstomakesuretheradiosplaynicelywithhardwareandinfrastructureconstructionso5Gisn'tconcentratedonlyinbigcities.”但是不要太激動(dòng)。與此同時(shí)，仍有很多工作要做，包括各種試驗(yàn)，以確保收音機(jī)能很好地配合硬件和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)，這樣5G就不會(huì)只集中在大城市?！笨芍?，作者接下來可能會(huì)告訴我們“如何全面擴(kuò)大5G覆蓋?！惫蔬xA?！军c(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及段落大意，詞義猜測和推理判斷三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱讀，要求考生根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。5．犇犇閱讀理解

Three-quartersoftheworld'scoffeefarmsdestroyforesthabitattogrowcoffeeinthesunandtypicallyuseharmfulpesticides(殺蟲劑)andchemicalsthatpoisontheenvironment.Whenforestsdisappear,migratory(遷徙的)songbirdsdisappear,too.Inordertodealwithseverepopulationandhabitatloss,SmithsonianscientistscreatedtheBirdFriendlycertification.

BirdFriendlycoffeesareshade-grown,meaningthecoffeeisplantedundertrees,ratherthanonthelandthathasbeenclearedofallotherplants.Coffeeexpertssayshade-growncoffeestastebetter,becausethebeansripenslowerthancoffeegrowninthefullsun,resultinginaricher,morecomplexflavor.BirdFriendlycertifiedcoffeesgrowunderbio-diverseshadethatprovideshabitatformigratorysongbirdsandotherwildlife,storescarbonandfightsclimatechange.BirdFriendlycoffeesarealsocertifiedorganic,meaningtheyaregrownwithoutpesticides,whichisbetterforpeopleandfortheplanet.

BirdFriendlyproducerscanalsoearnmorefortheircrops.Thewoodandfruittreesonshadecoffeefarmsprovidefarmerswithadditionalincome.EverycupofBirdFriendlycoffeepurchasedrewardsthesefarmerswithalittlemoremoneyforbeinggoodstewardsoftheenvironmentandencouragesthemtocontinueconservingBirdFriendlyhabitat.

BuyingBirdFriendlysupportstheSmithsonianMigratoryBirdCenter'sconservationresearchaimedatunderstandingandprotectingyourfeatheredfriends.YoucanpurchaseBirdFriendlycertifiedcoffeesaroundtheworldandprotectwildlifeandhabitatwitheverycup.Findastoreorcafenearyou,orbetteryet,haveitshippedtoyourdoorwhenyouorderonline.（1）Whatisthepresentsituationofcoffeefarms?A.

Onefourthofthemhavedestroyedforesthabitatforbirds.B.

Pesticidesandchemicalsusedonthempoisonedmanybirds.C.

Farmershavebeenawareofenvironmentprotection.D.

Scientistspayattentiontothemandhavecomeupwithanidea.（2）What'sacharacteristicofBirdFriendlycoffees?A.

Theymayhaveabettertaste.

B.

Theyhaveastrangeflavor.C.

Theytakelesstimetoripen.

D.

Theyaregrownonunpollutedland.（3）HowcanBirdFriendlyfarmersearnmoremoney?A.

Bychargingconsumersmoremoney.

B.

Bysellingfruitsandwoodfromtrees.C.

Bycuttingdowntreesandsellingwood.

D.

Byservingasstewardsofcoffeeconsumers.（4）Whatdoesthetextsuggestcoffeeconsumersdo?A.

Consumelesscoffee.

B.

Ordercoffeeonline.C.

Purchaseshade-growncoffee.

D.

Donatetocoffeefarmers.【答案】（1）D（2）A（3）B（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，為了應(yīng)對嚴(yán)重的遷徙鳥類的數(shù)量和棲息地?fù)p失，史密森尼的科學(xué)家創(chuàng)造了theBirdFriendlycertification。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“Inordertodealwithseverepopulationandhabitatloss,SmithsonianscientistscreatedtheBirdFriendlycertification.”可知，科學(xué)家們重視咖啡生長地的問題，并以想出應(yīng)對辦法，故選D。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“

Coffeeexpertssayshade-growncoffeestastebetter,becausethebeansripenslowerthancoffeegrowninthefullsun,resultinginaricher,morecomplexflavor.”咖啡專家說，陰涼處種植的咖啡味道更好，因?yàn)槎棺颖忍栂碌目Х瘸墒斓寐?，?huì)產(chǎn)生更豐富，更復(fù)雜的味道。故選A。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Thewoodandfruittreesonshadecoffeefarmsprovidefarmerswithadditionalincome.

”可知，咖啡種植者可以通過咖啡樹上方的thewoodandfruittrees增加收入，故選B。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的“

YoucanpurchaseBirdFriendlycertifiedcoffeesaroundtheworldandprotectwildlifeandhabitatwitheverycup”你能在全世界買BirdFriendly認(rèn)證的咖啡，每杯都保護(hù)野生動(dòng)物和棲息地，故選C。【點(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇環(huán)保類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。6．閱讀理解

DelhihasbeenthecentreofasuccessionofmightyempiresandpowerfulkingdomsinIndia.Numerousruinsscatteredthroughouttheterritoryofferaconstantreminderofthearea'shistory,whichmakesthecityalwaysbeafascinatingplacefortourists.

Withthedevelopmentofthecityandmoreandmorepeoplemoving,thecityhasexpandedseveraltimesinsize.ThatiswhyitiscalledNewDelhi.NewDelhi,acitywithapopulationofover20millionpeople,hasitsnewestproblem:neverbeforehasthiscitymetwiththeworstairproblem.

AirpollutioninIndianscapitalsurgedtoitsworstlevelsinyears,coveringthecityinathicksmogthathasbecomeanannualpublic-healthemergencydespitegovernmentvowstosolvetheproblem.

Hundredsofflightswerediverted,delayedandcanceledovertheweekendduetopoorvisibility,schoolsandofficeswereclosedMondayandofficialsrushedtotakeemergencymeasurestotrytoreversetheerodingairquality.Millionsofantipollutionmasksweredistributedatschools,colleges,hospitalsandmarkets.

NewDelhi,isengulfedeachyearastheweathercoolsandathickhazebuildsupfromthepollutantsemittedfromcarsandcoal-basedpowerplants,swirlingdustfromconstructionsitesandroadsandsmokefromcropstubbleburninginneighboringstates.FireworksandfirecrackerstocelebratetheHindufestivalofDiwalithenarrives,leavingDelhitheworld'smostpollutedcity.

Thecity'sairqualityindex,whichmeasuresamixofdangerouspollutants,registeredanaveragescoreof494Sunday.Thatisthehighest24-houraveragesinceNov.6,2016,whenithit497,accordingtodatameasuredbytheCentralPollutionControlBoard.（1）WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.DiwaliisoneofthemostimportantfestivalsinIndia.B.Thegovernmentdidlittletoprotectitscitizensagainsttheseriouspollution.C.SuchaseriousairpollutioninNewDelhiappearsonaregularbasis.D.Theindexoftherecentairpollutionisnottheworstinthehistory.（2）Whomaynotcomplainabouttheseriousairpollution?A.Theparentswhosechildrenhavetostayathome.B.Thepilotswhoseplaneshavebeendivertedordelayed.C.Themanufacturerswhoproduceantipollutionmasks.D.Theofficialswhohavetoworkoutoftheiroffices.（3）Whichofthefollowingphrasescanreplacetheunderlinedwordinparagraph5?A.Sentout.B.Sentup.C.Sentin.D.Senton.（4）Thetitleofthepassageshouldbe

.A.ProblemsCausedbytheDevelopmentofNewDelhiB.DangerousPollutionEnvelopsNewDelhiC.AntipollutionMasksAreinGreatNeedinNewDelhiD.FarmersintheNeighboringStatesaretoBlameforBurningCropStubble【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）A（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，隨著城市的發(fā)展和越來越多的人口流動(dòng)，城市規(guī)模的擴(kuò)大，印度的新德里成為世界上污染最嚴(yán)重的城市。雖然政府發(fā)誓解決污染問題，但由于污染嚴(yán)重，整個(gè)新德里處于危險(xiǎn)的污染中，人們必須戴防污口罩，冬天天氣寒冷污染物成霧霾，成為世界是污染最嚴(yán)重的城市。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段“AirpollutioninIndianscapitalsurgedtoitsworstlevelsinyears,coveringthecityinathicksmogthathasbecomeanannualpublic-healthemergencydespitegovernmentvowstosolvetheproblem.”印度首都的空氣污染飆升至多年來最嚴(yán)重的水平，籠罩著這座城市的濃霧已成為年度公共衛(wèi)生緊急事件，盡管政府誓言要解決這個(gè)問題；第五段“NewDelhi,isengulfedeachyearastheweathercoolsandathickhazebuildsupfromthepollutantsemittedfromcarsandcoal-basedpowerplants,swirlingdust...,leavingDelhitheworld'smostpollutedcity.”新德里每年都會(huì)被污染吞沒，隨著天氣變冷，汽車和以煤為基礎(chǔ)的發(fā)電廠排放的污染物、建筑工地和道路上飄動(dòng)的灰塵，以及鄰國農(nóng)作物秸稈燃燒產(chǎn)生的煙霧，都會(huì)形成濃霧。慶祝印度排燈節(jié)的煙花爆竹隨后到達(dá)，使德里現(xiàn)在成為世界上污染最嚴(yán)重的城市；以及第四段中的“Millionsofantipollutionmasksweredistributedatschools,colleges,hospitalsandmarkets.”在學(xué)校、學(xué)院、醫(yī)院和市場上分發(fā)了數(shù)以百萬計(jì)的防污口罩。可知，政府盡管發(fā)誓解決這種污染，但情況不僅沒有改變，反而更加嚴(yán)重，使得人們必須佩戴防毒口罩。由此可判斷出政府幾乎沒有保護(hù)其公民免受嚴(yán)重污染。故選B。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段“Hundredsofflightswerediverted,delayedandcanceledovertheweekendduetopoorvisibility,schoolsandofficeswereclosedMondayandofficialsrushedtotakeemergencymeasurestotrytoreversetheerodingairquality.Millionsofantipollutionmasksweredistributedatschools,colleges,hospitalsandmarkets.”周末期間，由于能見度低，數(shù)百架航班被迫改道、延誤和取消，學(xué)校和辦公室周一關(guān)閉，官員們緊急采取措施，試圖扭轉(zhuǎn)不斷惡化的空氣質(zhì)量。學(xué)校、大學(xué)、醫(yī)院和市場分發(fā)了數(shù)百萬個(gè)防污染口罩。由此可知，由于污染嚴(yán)重，學(xué)校、大學(xué)、醫(yī)院和市場分發(fā)了數(shù)百萬個(gè)防污染口罩。所以生產(chǎn)防污染口罩的廠家要加大生產(chǎn)，是不會(huì)抱怨的，故選C。（3）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第五段中的“NewDelhi,isengulfedeachyearastheweathercoolsandathickhazebuildsupfromthepollutantsemittedfromcarsandcoal-basedpowerplants,swirlingdustfromconstructionsitesandroadsandsmokefromcropstubbleburninginneighboringstates.”本句是說新德里每年都籠罩在污染中。因?yàn)樘鞖庾兝洌瑥钠嚭鸵悦簽榛A(chǔ)的發(fā)電廠“emitted”的污染物形成了厚厚的霧霾。根據(jù)常識可知，汽車和用煤發(fā)電的發(fā)電廠會(huì)“排放或釋放”污染物的。由此可判斷“emitted”是排放的意思。故選A。（4）考查主旨大意。本文敘述了隨著城市的發(fā)展和越來越多的人口流動(dòng)，城市規(guī)模的擴(kuò)大，印度的新德里成為世界上污染最嚴(yán)重的城市。雖然政府發(fā)誓解決污染問題，但周末的能見度低，數(shù)百架航班在周末改道、延誤和取消，學(xué)校和辦公室周一關(guān)閉，人們必須戴防污口罩，可知，新德里被嚴(yán)重的污染所籠罩。故選B?！军c(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及推理判斷，詞義猜測和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是環(huán)保類閱讀，考生需要根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。7．閱讀理解

Itistheidealwayfortravelertoensuretheywakeupwiththeperfectview—aportableEco-capsulethatcanbesetupanywhereintheworld.Theegg-shapedpod(獨(dú)立艙)ensurestravelerscancampinthemostextremecornerswithalltheluxuryofahotelroom.

Lookinglikesomethinginasci-fimovie,thepodisequippedwithsolarpanels,whichguaranteesolarenergyasitspower.Inthiswaythetinyhomecanletyoulivecomfortablywhereveryoutravel.Itevenhasitsownshowerandtoilet,sleepingareafortwo,andasmallkitchen.The3,306ibpodscanbetransportedinasea-container,meaningthepossibilitiesareendless.

Bratislava-basedNiceArchitectsarebehindtheextraordinaryEco-capsulesandsaidtheyinitiallydesignedthemforpeoplewhostayinthenatureforalongtime.However,itquicklybecameapparentthattheycouldbeopeneduptothewiderpublicandevenusedinurbanareastofightagainsthighrentandplacedonroofsforstudiospaceorlivingquarters.TheEco-capsulecanserveasacottage,apop-uphotelorevenasachargingstationforelectriccars.TheEco-capsulescouldevenbequicklyimportedforhousingforemergencyteamswhohavebeenquicklyarrangedtohelpwithnaturaldisasters.Describedbythewebsiteasa"SwissArmyknife"—itpackseverythingyouneed,theself-containedunitcansustainlongperiodsoftimewithoutexternalresources.

The86sqftpodsareabletosleeptwopeopleforuptoyearandforthoseworriedaboutacoldnight'ssleep,theEco-capsulehasathicklayerwhichsignificantlyreduceheatloss.

Thepodisdesignedtocopewithextremeweatherconditionsduetoitsinnovative(創(chuàng)新的)designandmaterialsused.NowondertheNiceArchitectsaresoconfidentaboutitsfutureandtheproducersarereceivingheavyorders.（1）WheredoestheEco-capsulegetpower?A.

Fromachargingstation.

B.

Fromaportablebattery.C.

Fromsolarpanels.

D.

Fromelectriccars.（2）WhommaybetheEco-capsuleinitiallydesignedfor?A.

Astronauts.

B.

Officeladies.

C.

Homelesspeople.

D.

Fieldbiologists.（3）TheEco-capsule'susersdon'tworryaboutcoldnessbecause_______.