初三英語(yǔ)中考閱讀理解專項(xiàng)

初三中考閱讀理解專題

專題1:閱讀理解——詞匯+知識(shí)面+技巧=閱讀效率

一、中考閱讀的要求：

能閱讀難度相當(dāng)于課文的材料，理解其大意。能獨(dú)立閱讀所學(xué)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)范圍內(nèi)的材料，生詞

率不超過(guò)3%o閱讀速度要求每分鐘50-70詞。

二、閱讀的題型：1.理解主旨和要義2、理解細(xì)節(jié)3、根據(jù)上下文推斷生詞的詞義4.作出判

斷和推理

說(shuō)明：A卷中3個(gè)閱讀1個(gè)是判斷2個(gè)是選擇，并且較為簡(jiǎn)單。B卷中全是根據(jù)閱讀后的理

解選擇，難度提高。

三、解題方法：

1、主旨大意題：

1.干擾項(xiàng)可能屬文中某個(gè)具體事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)。2.干擾項(xiàng)可能屬?gòu)奈闹心承ú煌?/p>

全的）事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)片面推出的錯(cuò)誤結(jié)論3.干擾項(xiàng)可能屬非文章事實(shí)的主觀臆斷。（正確

答案）是根據(jù)文章意思全面理解而歸納概括出來(lái)的；但不能太籠統(tǒng)、言過(guò)其實(shí)或以偏概全。

主旨大意題的常見(jiàn)的提問(wèn)形式：

l）Whatdoesthewritermainlytellus?2）Whatisthemainideaofthistext?3）Whichisthesubject

discussedinthetext?4）Whafsthebesttitleforthispassage?

例如：InspiteofthefactthatcarsfromGermanyandJapanarefloodingtheAmericanmarket,

Ford,GeneralMotorsandChryslerareemployingmoreworkersthaneverbefore.Thefloodof

cheaperforeigncarshasnotcastAmericanautoworkerstheirjobsassomeexpertspredicted.Ford

operatesasfarasAsia,andGeneralMotorsisconsideredAustralian'sbiggestemployer.Yet

GeneralMotorshasitshugeAmericanworkforceandemployshundredsofpeopleeverydayto

meettheneedsofaninsatiable（不能滿足的）society.

*Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaoftheparagraph

A.GMisoneofthelargestcarproducers.

B.FordoperatesnotonlyintheU.S.A.,butalsoinAsia.

C.TheforeigncarshavenottakenawaythejobsofAmericanautoworkers.

D.ThefloodofthecheaperforeigncarsisterribleforAmericanautoworkers.

如何找到主旨性的句子：常見(jiàn)的標(biāo)志詞語(yǔ)有：thetopicisabout.一wearegoingtotalk

about——sowecansee\understand\know\say-----allinall——nowwecan

1.在開(kāi)頭:主題句在文章開(kāi)頭，其后的句子則是論證性細(xì)節(jié)。新聞報(bào)道、說(shuō)明文、議論文

常用此方式。

Goodmorning.Theprogramtodayisaboutmusic.Theword“music“comesfromtheGreekword

“muse”.TheMusesarethegoddessesofthearts.Musicisonlyoneofthearts.Itislikethe

spokenlanguage,butisusessounds.Today'sprogrambringstogethermusicfromdifferentcomers

oftheworld.Whoinventedmusic?Whosangthefirstsong?Nooneknowsexactlytheanswers

tothesequestions.Butweknowthatmusicplaysanimportantpartinalmosteveryone'slife.

2.在結(jié)尾。

Eg:文章最后一句"Infact,thetrueloveisnotbuiltonfriendship,loyaltyorblood

relationship.Instead,itisbasedonnorelationship.真正的愛(ài)不以友誼、忠誠(chéng)抑或是血緣關(guān)系為前

提，事實(shí)上，真正的愛(ài)，是無(wú)條件的博愛(ài)?！本褪窃谇懊婀适碌幕A(chǔ)上的總結(jié)與概括，即

文章的主旨。

3.在中間。通常是文章的開(kāi)頭提出問(wèn)題，陳述細(xì)節(jié)，導(dǎo)出主題句，然后再進(jìn)一步用細(xì)節(jié)說(shuō)明

支持主題句。如：Nothingisasusefulasaflashlightonadarknightifatiregoesflat.Few

inventionsaresohelpfultoachildwhoisafraidofthedark.Infact,themodernflashlightbrings

lighttomanydarksituations.Findingsomethinginthebackofaclosetiseasywithaflashlightin

hand.Acamperalsoneedsoneafterthelightofthecampfirehasbeenout.

2細(xì)節(jié)理解題

本類試題主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)閱讀材料中的某一特定細(xì)節(jié)或文章的主要事實(shí)的理解能力。問(wèn)題

包括詢問(wèn)人(who)、物(what)、時(shí)間(when)、地點(diǎn)(where)、原因(cause)、結(jié)果(effect)、文中的

數(shù)據(jù)(data)等。新聞、說(shuō)明文、廣告信息等常常考查這些細(xì)節(jié)。

3詞義猜測(cè)題

1.通過(guò)因果關(guān)系猜詞首先是找出生詞與上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系，然后才能猜詞。有時(shí)文

章借助關(guān)聯(lián)詞(如because,as,since,for,so,thus,asaresult,ofcourse,therefore等等)

表示前因后果。例如：

Youshouldn'thaveblamedhimforthat,foritwasn'thisfault.通過(guò)for引出的句子所表示的

原因(那不是他的錯(cuò))，可猜出blame的詞義是“責(zé)備”。

2.通過(guò)同義詞和反義詞的關(guān)系猜詞

通過(guò)同義詞猜詞，一是要看由and或or連接的同義詞詞組，如happyandgay,即使我們

不認(rèn)識(shí)gay這個(gè)詞，也可以知道它是愉快的意思；二是看在進(jìn)一步解釋的過(guò)程由使用的同義

詞,如ManhasknownsomethingabouttheplanetsVenus,Mars,andJupiterwiththehelpof

spaceships.此句中的Venus(金星)、Mars(火星)、Jupiter(木星)均為生詞，但只要知道planets

就可猜出這幾個(gè)詞都屬于“行星”這一義域。通過(guò)反義詞猜詞，一是看表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞或副

詞，如hut,while,however等；二是看與not搭配的或表示否定意義的詞語(yǔ)，如：Heisso

homely,notatallashandsomeashisbrother.根據(jù)notatall...handsome我們不難推測(cè)出homely

的意思，即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。

3.通過(guò)構(gòu)詞法猜詞.在閱讀文章時(shí)，我們總會(huì)遇上一些新詞匯，有時(shí)很難根據(jù)上下文來(lái)推

斷其詞意，而它們對(duì)文章的理解又有著舉足輕重的作用，此時(shí)，如掌握了一些常用的詞根、

前綴、后綴等語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，這些問(wèn)題便不難解決了。

4.通過(guò)定義或釋義關(guān)系來(lái)推測(cè)詞義例如:Butsometimes,norainfallsforalongJongtime.

Thenthereisadryperiod,ordrought.從drought所在句子的上文我們得知很久不下雨，于是

便有一段干旱的時(shí)期，即drought,由此可見(jiàn)drought意思為"久旱"，"旱災(zāi)"。而adryperiod

和drought是同義語(yǔ)。這種同義或釋義關(guān)系常由is,or,thatis,inotherwords,becalled或

破折號(hào)等來(lái)表示。

5.通過(guò)句法功能來(lái)推測(cè)詞義

例如：Bananas,oranges,pineapples,coconutsandsomeotherkindoffruitgrowinwarm

areas.假如pineapples和coconuts是生詞,我們可以從這兩個(gè)詞在句中所處的位置來(lái)判斷它

們大致的意思。從句中不難看出pineapples,coconuts和bananas,oranges是同類關(guān)系，同

屬fruit類，因此它們是兩樣水果，準(zhǔn)確地說(shuō)，是菠蘿和椰子。

描述即作者為幫助讀者更深更感性地了解某人或某物而對(duì)該人或該物作出的外在相貌

或內(nèi)在特征的描寫。例如：ThepenguinisakindofseabirdlivingintheSouthPole.Itisfatand

walksinafunnyway.Althoughitcannotfly,itcanswimintheicywatertocatchthefish.從例J句

的描述中可以得知penguin是一種生活在南極的鳥(niǎo)類。后面更詳盡地描述了該鳥(niǎo)類生活習(xí)性。

練習(xí)題

A根據(jù)定義或解釋猜測(cè)詞義

Acalendarisalistofthedays,weeks,monthsofaparticularyear.

Calendar________

Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.

Herdsman.

B根據(jù)對(duì)比確定詞義：

Ourmathsprofessorclaimsthatalltheproblemshegivesusaresimpleones,

however,wefeelthattheyareintricateandhardtosolve.Intricate.

C.根據(jù)同義詞的替代關(guān)系猜詞義：

IntheancientcityofRome,wevisitedeverymansion,church,battlesite,theatreandother

publichalls.mansion.

D.根據(jù)反義猜詞：

Twelve-year-oldSallywasanactivegirl.Buthersisterwasquitesedate.Sedate.

E根據(jù)上下文情景確定詞義：Allhisattemptstounlockthedoorwasfutile,becausehewas

usingthewrongkey.Futile.

F.根據(jù)常識(shí)、經(jīng)驗(yàn)猜生詞：

Theoldmanputonhisspectaclesandbegantoread.spectacles.

H.根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法猜測(cè)詞義：Hehasrenamedtherestaurant“Paradise”.

Rename.

I根據(jù)因果關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義：Youshouldn'thaveblamedhimforthat,foritwasn'thisfault.

Blame.

4.推理判斷題：

正誤判斷題主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章的具體事實(shí)、信息的理解能力。一般是根據(jù)文章的事實(shí)或

細(xì)節(jié)，給出一個(gè)句子，判斷其正誤。這類題比較直接，難度相對(duì)較小。做此類題時(shí)，應(yīng)先看

題，后帶著“問(wèn)題”快速閱讀短文，尋找所需要的信息。常見(jiàn)的提問(wèn)方式有：

Withwhichofthefollowingdoestheauthoragree?

Whichofthefollowingmighthappenedlater?

Thepassageisprobablytakenfroma.

例如:Thespeakerisprobably.

A.ahostB.asingerC.adancerD.ateacher.

附注：其它：盤麗藕食的方法、以及大家在平時(shí)閱讀中的問(wèn)題（詳見(jiàn)ppt）

方法總結(jié)：

第一步：首先要看文章的第一句話，或者是第一段的幾句話，目的是為了了解文章所講的主

體是什么，特別是要理解文章的體裁，應(yīng)為根據(jù)不同的體裁我們?cè)谧鲱}的時(shí)候要用不同的方

法。

第二步：讀題目：特別是針對(duì)判斷和選項(xiàng)性的題目的時(shí)候，讀閱讀后設(shè)置的問(wèn)題。小竅門：

首先前提是要自己對(duì)我們常見(jiàn)的問(wèn)題的5W和H問(wèn)題要理解到位。

第三步;帶著問(wèn)題去讀。遇到和問(wèn)題相關(guān)的字句的時(shí)候，記得用自己的筆做好記號(hào)。不需要

你馬上選出答案（原因很簡(jiǎn)單很多學(xué)生在讀文的過(guò)程中最后讀完了卻不知道自己讀的什么，

但是也要提出一個(gè)很不好的閱讀習(xí)慣：拿著自己的鉛筆不斷在文章中劃線，最后整片的文章

全部畫完，還是沒(méi)有終點(diǎn)和自己筆記）

第四步：第二遍讀的是時(shí)候，重點(diǎn)關(guān)注作了記號(hào)的地方，并要讀前后幾句，根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系找

到正確的答案。

下面是在閱讀時(shí)候另外的一些小竅門：故事性的文章：常常考到的是細(xì)節(jié)，要等到故事讀完

后才能做到，要格外小心，有些選項(xiàng)不要急于選出，要等到故事讀完后才能做到。

說(shuō)明性的文章：注意語(yǔ)言要精確，通常最好和文章中的意思一樣，最怕的是出題的人故意將

文種的意思曲解，比如故意絕對(duì)化，故意以點(diǎn)帶面，這樣的選項(xiàng)一般都是錯(cuò)誤的，不選。

例題分析1:

MrBrownfirstwenttolookattheunderground-firewhenhewasseven."Throughthehole

（洞）intheearthyoucouldseetheorangefire,butyouhadtolookfastbecauseitwassohot,"

saidMrBrown.In1898,hesawthefireoncemore（再一次）.

Now,wecanonlyseethesmoke.ThefireMrBrownsawisnottheunderground-fire.In

fact,thereare260coal（煤）firesintheworld.Theyareharmful有害）anddangerous.Thenhow

toputthemout?

Scientistshavetriedtoset（放置）firetoundergroundcoaltospeedup（加速）thefires.Inthis

way,theburning（燃燒）ofundergroundcoalwouldbesoonfinished.（被燒完卜

1.MrBrownfirstsawtheunderground-fire.

A.attheageofsevenB.sevenyearsoldC.intheyearof189D.morethan（超過(guò)）80yearsago

2.MrBrownsaidthatwehadtotakeafastlookatthefirebecause.

A.itwasintheholeB.itwasveryhotC.itwasorangeD.itwasharmful

3.Howmanycoalfiresarethereintheworld?

A.There'sonlyone.B.Ifshardtosay.C.Thereare260.D.Thearticle（文章）doesn*ttellus.

4.What'soneofthebestwaystoputout（撲滅）theundergroundfire?

A.Tocover（覆蓋）theholeswithstones（石塊）.B.Tospeedupthefires.

C.Toseethefiresburning.D.Todosomeexperiments（試驗(yàn)）.

5.Whatisthebesttitle（標(biāo)題）forthearticle?

A.WatchingtheUnderground-Fire.B.AWaytoPutOuttheCoalFires.

C.TheBurningEarth.D.CoalandCoalFires.

答案分析

I.在文章的第一段的第一句里可以找到依據(jù)。attheageofseven等于whenhewasseven,

故正確答案為Ao

2.這一題可以在第一段里直接找到答案，屬于直接回答題。正確答案為Bo

3.這一題可以在第二段里直接找到答案，屬于直接回答題。正確答案為Co

4.在文章的最后一段提到了撲滅火的最好方法，那就是使火加速燃燒。正確答案為Bo

5.完成這道題需作一定的歸納，因?yàn)槲恼轮袥](méi)有給出直接的回答。文章從MrBrown兩次

看火，然后說(shuō)出地下火的危害，最后提出如何滅火的方法。文章的前兩段是給為什么要滅火

和如何滅火鋪墊，如何滅火才是文章的中心。故正確答案為Bo

例題分析2：

Fredtelephonedhiswife.6<Fvegottwofreeticketsfbrthetheatretonight/5hetoldher."Meet

meoutsidetheoffice.WeUlhavesomethingtoeatandthengoontothetheatre.^^

Fred'swifewasverypleased.Theyhadn'tbeentothetheatrefbralongtime.Shemether

husbandashetoldher.Theyhaddinnerandgottothetheatrejustintime.

AttheentranceFredtookouthiswallettogelthetickets."It'sverystrange,hesaid.t4Theyaren't

here!^^“Tryyourpockets,"saidhiswife.Buttheticketsweren'tthere,either.

ThenFredlookedveryembarrassed（尷尬）."What'sthematter?”askedhiswife.“WellJFred

said,“IrememberwhatIdidwithmytickets.Iputtheminmybag.ButbecauseIwasn'tgoing

home,Ileftitintheoffice!v

（）1.Oneday,Fredwasgiventheticketsforthetheatre.

（）2.Fredandhiswifewenttothetheatrequiteoften.

（）3.Fredwantedtomeethiswifeinarestaurant.

（）4.Theyreachedthetheatreneitherlatenorearly.

（）5.ThenFredcouldn'tfindhisticketsandrememberedwhathehaddonewiththetickets.

1、T因?yàn)榈谝欢沃刑岬紽redtoldhiswife"I'vegottwofreetickets...”“free”免費(fèi)的意思。

2、F第二段中提到“Theyhadn'tbeentothetheaterfbralong

3、F第一段中Fred說(shuō)“Meetmeoutsidetheoffice.^^

4、T第二段中“intime”是及時(shí)的意思。5.T結(jié)尾處提到的。

成都七中2015年模擬考題

IlovemyBlackberrymobilephone-it'smylittleconnectiontothelargerworldthatcango

anywherewithme.Ialsolovemycomputer,asitholdsallofmywritingandthoughts.However,I

knowtherearetimeswhenIneedtomoveawayfromthesethingsandtrulycommunicatewith

others.

IteachacoursecalledHistoryMattersincollege.Mygoalsfortheclassincludeadeep

discussionofhistoricalsubjectsandideas.BecauseIwantstudentstofullystudythematerialand

discusswitheachotherintheclassroom,Ihavearule-nocomputers,iPads,phones,etc.When

studentsweretoldmyrule,someofthemwerenothappy.

Moststudentsthinkmyreasonsfbrthisruleincludenegativeexperiencesinthepastwhen

studentsmadewronguseoftechnology.There'sabitoftruthtothat.Fveseldomhadstudents

makewronguseoftechnologyinmyclasses;however,Ihavebeene-mailedbystudentswhile

theywereinotherteachers'classrooms.

SomestudentsthinkthatIamanti-technology.There'snotruthinthatatall.AsInotedabove,

Ilovetechnologyandtrytokeepupwithit.

TherealreasonwhyIaskstudentstoleavetechnologyatthedoorisIthinktherearevery

fewplacesinwhichwecanhavedeepconversations.Interruptions（中斷）bytechnologyoften

breakstudents5thoughtsandmakethemdependtoomuchonoutsideinformationforideas.Iwant

studentstodigdeepinthemselvesfbrideas.Iwantthemtopusheachothertothinkdifferently

andtomakeconnectionsbetweenthecoursematerialandtheclassdiscussion.

Ihavebeenteachingmyhistoryclassinthiswayformanyyearsandtheevaluations（評(píng)價(jià)）

showstudentsatisfactionwiththeenvironmentthatIcreate.Studentsrealizewithdeep

conversationanddifficulttasks,theylearnatadeeperlevel-alevelthathelpsthemkeepthe

coursematerialbeyondtheclassroom.

IamnotsayingthatIwon'teverchangemymindabouttechnologyuseinmyhistoryclass,

butuntilIhearareallygoodreasonforthechange,Iwillcontinuemyplan.Afewhoursof

technology-freedialogueisjusttoosweettogiveup.

56.Thewriter'srulefbrhisHistoryMattersclassis____.

A.discussinghistoricalideasdeeplyB.studyinganddiscussingthematerials

C.leavingtechnologyoutoftheclassroomD.makingrightuseoftechnologyinclass

57.Theword“negative”inParagraph3means____.

A.similarB.unforgettableC.specialD.unpleasant

58.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?

A.Studentsmakerightuseoftechnologyinotherteachers'classes.

B.Theclassroomisoneofthegoodplacestohavedeepconversations.

C.Thewriterencouragesstudentstoagreewithothersafterdiscussion.

D.Studentsareunhappywiththewriter'swayofteachinghistory.

59.Thewriterwantstotellusthat____.

A.technologyhasdifferentinfluencesindifferentclassesincollege

B.technologymakesitdifficulttohavetruecommunicationinclass

C.historyclassescanhelpstudentstodeveloptheirdeepthinking

D.itistimeforhimtogiveuphisteachingmethodinhistoryclass

2013年黃岡市考閱讀題目：

LonglongagoamanwenttoIndiaandhehadneverbeentherebefbre.Whenhegotthere,hesaw

alotoffruit,butmuchofitwasexpensivebecausetheycouldn'tgrowmuchbecausetherewas

littlewater.Finallyhesawabigbasketofsomeveryredandlongfruit.Anditwasthecheapestin

theshop.

Sohewentupandasked,“Howmucheachkilo?"andtheshopkeepersaidJTwo

rupees（盧上匕）.“TworupeesinIndiawasnothing.Soheboughtawholekilogramofthefruitand

startedeatingit.Butafterheatesomeofit:oh,mygod!Hiseyeswatered,hismouthwateredand

burnt,andhisfacebecamered.Hejumpedupanddown,saying,"Ah!Ah!Ah!”

Buthestillcontinuedtoeatthefruit!Somepeoplewhowerelookingathimshooktheir

headsandsaidJYou'recrazy,man.Thosearechilies（辣椒）!Youcan'teatsomany!Peopleusethem

asacondiment,butonlyalittlebittoputintofoodfbrtaste.Youcan'tjusteatthemlikethat.9,But

thesillymansaid,"No,Ican'tstop!Ipaidmoneyfbrthem,andnowI'lleatthemup.It'smy

money!”

Andyouthinkthatmanwassilly,right?Wesometimesdoalotofthingslikethat.We

spendmoney,timeoreffortdoingsomething.Andeventhoughit'sbeenalongtime,hard

experiencetellsusitwon'twork,andweknowthere9snomorehope,westillcontinuejustbecause

we'veputmoney,time,effortandloveintoit.Justlikethemanwhoatethechiliesandfeltsobad

butcouldn'tstopbecausehedidn'twanttowastethemoneyhe'dpaid.

Soevenifyou'velostsomething,letitgoandmoveon.That'sbetterthancontinuingtolose.

1、Themanchosetobuytheredandlongfruitonlybecause

A.hehadn'teatenitbeforeB.hewashungry

C.itwascheapD.hehadn'tseenitbefore

2、Theunderlinedword^condiment^inParagraphsprobablymeans.

A.零食B.水果C.調(diào)料D.蔬菜

3、WhichofthefollowingsentenceisTRUE?

A.ThemanwenttoIndiatobuyfruit.B.Themandidn'twanttowastemoney.

C.Themanboughtthefruitbecauseitwasexpensive.D.Indiacangrowalotoffruit.

4.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthat.

weshouldn'twastemoneyB.weshouldn'teatchilies

C.weshouldn'tbuysomethingcheapD.lettingsomethinggoisbetterthankeepingonlosing

專題2:任務(wù)型閱讀——做好同義句轉(zhuǎn)換

任務(wù)型閱讀是介于閱讀和寫作之間的考察學(xué)生綜合運(yùn)用能力的題型，五個(gè)題目中一般只

有一個(gè)較難，其他基本能在文中找到答案

任務(wù)型閱讀的題型一般分為下面幾種；

1、根據(jù)短文回答問(wèn)題

①找準(zhǔn)相應(yīng)的段落，節(jié)選有用的句子。

②根據(jù)答題需要，把有用的句子進(jìn)行合理地整合，盡量簡(jiǎn)潔。

2、句型轉(zhuǎn)換（主要是復(fù)合句與簡(jiǎn)單句的轉(zhuǎn)換）

①so...that—too...to->enoughto...

②賓語(yǔ)從句—疑問(wèn)詞+todo

③簡(jiǎn)單句一賓語(yǔ)從句

④主動(dòng)、被動(dòng)互換

⑤時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句互換：after+從句-not...until+從句,并列句與復(fù)合句轉(zhuǎn)換（尤其是條件狀

語(yǔ)從句）:

3、同義句轉(zhuǎn)換

這類題目注意詞的固定搭配、習(xí)慣用法、詞語(yǔ)釋義。根據(jù)釋義寫文中出現(xiàn)的單詞，注意

詞性、詞形。來(lái)源于文章，但要注意變形。一般而言，名詞用單數(shù)，動(dòng)詞用原形，形容詞

與副詞一般用原級(jí)。

4、就劃線部分提問(wèn)

這部分題要注意疑問(wèn)詞的運(yùn)用以及時(shí)態(tài)的綜合運(yùn)用，平時(shí)要注意所學(xué)疑問(wèn)詞的具體意思，如：

what（什么）,how（怎樣）,where（哪里），howlong（多久），howoften（多久一次）等等。

5、概括文章的大意或給文章添加標(biāo)題

①?gòu)奈恼轮姓页瞿芨爬ㄎ恼轮行乃枷氲闹黝}句。注意文章的標(biāo)題、開(kāi)頭與結(jié)尾。

②注意出現(xiàn)頻率較高的詞，這就很有可能是主題詞，通過(guò)分析主題詞在本文的意義，結(jié)合文

中主題詞所在的一些相關(guān)句子，整合出主題句。

1、判斷正誤：

此類型和閱讀理解差不多，但是更難，個(gè)人認(rèn)為次內(nèi)題目在今年的中考中出現(xiàn)的比例較小。

2、閱讀回答問(wèn)題、翻譯、變化句型等。

此類型題目和大家的閱讀、翻譯甚至是語(yǔ)法練習(xí)很緊密，所以要注意。

3、閱讀填表格，是最近比較流行的題目，難度較小，可以使用表格形閱讀的方法進(jìn)行處理

但是很多事要求學(xué)生有歸納和總結(jié)的能力。

建議的解題技巧：閱讀文章了解大意，是第一步。

步驟1:明確任務(wù)。

由于題目要求形式多樣，在同一篇閱讀材料中會(huì)要求完成不同的任務(wù)，因此解題前要先明

確任務(wù)，做到心中有數(shù)。

步驟2.一一對(duì)應(yīng)，緊扣原文。

即在原文中找出問(wèn)題題干所包括的信息部分，這樣就可以快速準(zhǔn)確地抓住有效信息，確保

答題的準(zhǔn)確性。如果是根據(jù)英文釋義寫單詞的題，則一定要確保所填的單詞來(lái)源于原文，切

不可脫離原文，隨意發(fā)揮。盡可能使用文中詞語(yǔ)、或者和文中相近的詞語(yǔ)，這叫“就近原則3

注意觀察已有的題目給出的例子。

步驟3.注意讀寫結(jié)合。

任務(wù)型閱讀不僅考查學(xué)生閱讀理解層面的能力，更加注重考查學(xué)生“寫”的能力。若是寫單

詞，則要注意拼寫正確，詞形、詞性有無(wú)變化，是否需要大寫；若所要完成的是短語(yǔ)或句子

成分，則需謹(jǐn)慎對(duì)待，依據(jù)所給題干分析要完成的是什么句子成分，需用什么樣的表達(dá)方式，

不可簡(jiǎn)單草率地將文中信息直接挪用。

步驟4.認(rèn)真檢查。

完成任務(wù)后要重新審視材料，檢查所做的答案是否復(fù)合要求，同時(shí)語(yǔ)言要精練準(zhǔn)確。

幾米提醒（讀清楚題目要求,特別是字?jǐn)?shù)的要求哦）

練習(xí)題

PresidentObamahassaidthathegiveseachofhissevenandten-year-olddaughtersjusta

dollaraweekfortheirchores,suchassettingthetable,washingdishes,andcleaninguptheirplay

/'Csris/andbedrooms.

Peoplehavedifferentopinionsaboutpayinglittlekidsfordoing

choresorjustgivingmoneytothem.Somefamiliesthinkthateveryone

inthefamilyshoulddohousework,andthatkidsshouldn'tbepaidfor

doingso.Thesupporters（支持者）,however,believethatkidsshouldget

paid,andthatthemoneytheygetwillhelpkidslearnimportantskillsof

howtouseit.

Butforthosewhotogivethemoney,itcanbeaheadache

decidingonhowmuchtheyshouldgive,especiallyinthesedifficulteconomic（經(jīng)濟(jì)的）times.A

goodideaisthatyoucankeep/'reko：dz/ofhowmuchyouspendonyourchilddailyfortwo

weeksandthendecidehowmuchyoushouldgiveaccordingtotheaverage（平均的）dailyamount.

Kidscanstartreceivingmoneyaroundages4or5,whenchildrenstarttounderstandhowmoney

works.

（2010?湖北省荊州市,VIII.,20）A）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容完成下列語(yǔ)音題：

66.Writeouttheword/*Csris/：

67.Writeouttheword/t[u:z/:

68.Writeouttheword/'reko：dz/：

69.Intheunderlinedsentencefindonewordwhoselastsoundcanhaveincompleteplosion（失去

爆破）：___________

70.Intheunderlinedsentencefindtwowordsthatcanbereadtogether（連續(xù)）：

B）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~

71.PresidentObama'stwodaughterspaidfordoingchores.

72.Inthepassagetherearedifferentopinionsaboutpayingtokidsfordoingchores.

73.Somepeoplethinkthatchildrenshoulddohouseworkbeingpaid.

74.Somepeoplethinkthatit'simportantforchildrentohowtousemoney.

75.It'sfbrparentstodecideonhowmuchmoneytheyshouldgivetotheirchildren.

【答案】66.area67.choose68.records69.about/just70.differentopinions/opinions

about/choresor71.paid72.two73.without74.learn/know75.difficult

任務(wù)型閱讀專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練題

一、回答問(wèn)題型：

Somecountriesarebetterthanothersatlookingaftertheenvironment.InEurope,Germany（德國(guó)）

andnorthernEuropeancountriesworkveryhardtoimprovetheenvironment.Thepeoplein

Germanyputtheirrubbishintodifferentbags-paperinonebag,plasticinlawsthatdonotallow

peopletoburntoomuchcoal.

Inthe1970s,aspeoplelearnedmoreaboutenvironmentalproblems,the"Green^movement（運(yùn)

動(dòng)）beganandsoonspreadalloverEurope.The"Green“movementtriestogetgovernmentsto

protecttheenvironment.ltcollectsinformationabouthowindustryisdamaging（毀壞）the

environmentandtellsnewspapers.

61.WhichcountriesinEuropeworkveryhardtoimprovetheenvironment?

62.Whoputrubbishintodifferentbags?

63.CanthepeopleinGermanyburntoomuchcoal?

64.Whendidthe“Green''movementbegin?

65.Whatdoesthe"Green^movementtrytodo?

【答案】

61.Germany（德國(guó)）andnorthernEuropeancountriesworkveryhardtoimprovetheenvironment.

62.ThepeopleinGermanyputtheirrubbishintodifferentbags

63.No.

64.1nthe1970s

65.The“Green“movementtriestogetgovernmentstoprotecttheenvironment.

二、含有句型變化的

Thegiantpandaisoneofthemostpopularanimalsintheworld.Agiantpandacangrowup

to1.5meterslongandweighupto160kg.Peoplethinkthegiantpandaisverylovely.?Soitis

notsurprisingthattheWorldWideFundforNaturechosethegiantpandaasitssymbol.The

WWFtellspeopleaboutanimalsthattheyareindangerandraisesmoneytosavethem.

ThegiantpandaonlylivesinthewildinChina.Intheearly1980s,wereonly1,000leftinthe

wild.Themainreasonwhypandasareendangeredisthattheareawherepandascanlivehas

becomesmaller.

TheWWFworkstohelpgiantpandasinthewildinmanyways.Oneofthewaysthathelpsthem

istoincreasethesizeofpandareserves（自然保護(hù)區(qū)）.Somereservesneedtobejoinedtogether

byplantingbamboobetweenthemtomake“corridors”.Thesearepathsthatleadfromonereserve

toanother.Noonemayharmthepandasintheseareas.Thecorridorsletpandasmovefromone

habitat（棲息地）toanothertolookforfood.?Peopleareworkingveryhardtomakesurethe

giantpandadoesnotdieout.

77.將文中劃線的句子①改為被動(dòng)句。

SoitisnotsurprisingthatbytheWorldWideFundforNature.

77.thegiantpandawaschosenasitssymbol?

三、閱讀綜合性題目：

Haveyoueverwonderedwhybirdssing?Maybeyouthoughtthattheywerejusthappy.Afterall,

youprobablyalsosingorwhistlewhenyouarehappy.

Somescientistsbelievethatbirdsdosingsomeofthetimejustbecausetheyarehappy.However,

theysingmostofthetimeforaverydifferentreason.Theirsingingisactuallyawarningtoother

birdstostayoutoftheirterritory.

Doyouknowwhata“teiritory"is?Aterritoryisanareathatananimal,usuallythemale,

claims（宣稱）asitsown.Onlyheandhisfamilyarewelcomethere.Nootherfamiliesofthe

samespecies（物種）arewelcome.Youryardandhouseareyourterritorywhereonlyyourfamily

andfriendsarewelcome.（97▲）Ifastrangershouldenteryourterritoryandwanttohurtyou,you

mightshout.Probablythiswouldbeenoughtofrightenhimaway.

Ifso,youhaveactuallyfrightenedthestrangerawaywithouthavingtofighthim.（99上）——只鳥(niǎo)也

將會(huì)做同樣的事.Butheexpectsanoutsideralmostanytime,especiallyatnesling（筑巢）season.

Soheisscreaming（尖叫）allthetime,whetherhecanseeanoutsiderornot.Thisscreamingis

whatwecallabird'ssong,anditisusuallyenoughtokeepanoutsideraway.

Birdssingloudestinspringwhentheyaretryingtoattractamate（同伴）andwarnothersnotto

entertheterritoryoftheirs.

Youcanseethatbirdshavealanguageoftheirown.Mostofithastodowithattractingmatesand

settingupterritories.

任務(wù)一：從文中找出一個(gè)與establish同義的短語(yǔ)。96._____▲____.

任務(wù)二：根據(jù)（97）處劃線部分的意思來(lái)完成下面句子。（谷圣一機(jī)共2詞）

97.Youmightfrightenastrangerawayby▲______▲himifheshouldenteryour

territoryandwanttohurtyou.

任務(wù)三：根據(jù)文章，選擇最佳選項(xiàng)：

98.Whatisabird's"territory”？

A.Aplacewhereotherfamiliesofthesamespeciesarewelcome.B.Aplacewhereabirdcan

singloudly.C.Anareawherebirdsoftenfightagainsteachother.

D.Anareawhichabirdconsiderstobeitsown.

任務(wù)四：將（99）處劃線句子翻譯成英語(yǔ)。99.▲.

任務(wù)五：用一句話概括本文的中心大意（不超過(guò)10個(gè)單詞）o100.

▲.

【答案】96.setup97.shoutingat/to98.D99.Abirdwillalsodothesamething./A

birdwilldothesamething,too./Abirdwilldothesamethingaswell.100.Thereason（s）why

birdssing

四、表格信息圖

Inthewest,therecanbesomeabbreviations（縮略詞）insomeadvertisements（廣告）ofthe

newspaper.Here'sanadvertisementforanapartment（公寓套房）.Mostofthewordsinitare

abbreviations,forexample,Lrg.apt,i.e.（即）Largeapartment;Irg.Ivrm,i.e.Largeliving-room.

Now,pleasereadtheadvertisementcarefully,andthenfillineachblankwithONEword.

ForRent（出租）

Lrg.aptFourthfir.Veryquietbldg.

Nopets.Twobedrms.Lrg.Ivrm.

Utl.pd.Unfrn.Gd.Ictn.

$220permo.Call662-3940

1.Theapartmentisonthefloorofthebuilding.

2.Ifyourent（租用）theapartment,do（千萬(wàn)）remembernottobringany,like

dogs,cats,birdsandsoon.

3.Thereisalargeliving-roomandtwointheapartment.

4.Thelocation（位置）ofthebuildingisvery.

5.Ifyourenttheapartment,youmustpay（付）dollars（美元）everymonth.

五、閱讀填詞：

（Incourt（法庭）,thejudgeaskstheboynamedHenrysomequestions.）

Judge:Canyoutellushowtheaccidenthappened?

Henry:Yes,sir.ThefarmerdroveveryfastwhenImetwithhim.Hiscarknockedmedownand

hurtmyarm.

Judge:（Tothefarmer）Wasthatright?

Farmer:No,sir.ButitrainedheavilyandIcouldn'tdrivefast.

Judge:Soyoudon'tthinkyouknockedhimdown?

Farmer:Yes,Idid.ButIdidn'tseehimmendinghisbikeinthemiddleoftheroad.

Judge:Well.Did