高中閱讀理解練習附答案和翻譯

Passage1TherearestoriesabouttwoU．S.presidents，AndrewJacksonandMartinVanBuren，whichattempttoexplaintheAmericanEnglishtermOK．Wedon’tknowifeitherstoryistrue，buttheyarebothinteresting．ThefirstexplanationisbasedonthefactthatPresidentJacksonhadverylittleeducation．Infact，hehaddifficultyreadingandwriting．WhenimportantpaperscametoJackson，hetriedtoreadthemandthenhadhisassistantsexplainwhattheysaid．Ifheapprovedofapaper．hewouldwrite“allcorrect”onit．Theproblemwasthathedidn’tknowhowtospell．Sowhathereallywrotewas“olkorekt”．Afterawhile，heshortenedthattermto“OK”．ThesecondexplanationisbasedontheplacewherePresidentVanBurenwasborn，Kinderhook，NewYork．VanBnren’sfriendsorganizedaclubtohelphimbecomePresidentTheycanedtheclubtheOldKinderhookClub，andanyonewhosupportedVanBurenwascalled“OK”．1.TheauthorA.believesbothofthestoriesB．doesn’tbelieveawordofthestoriesC．isnotsurewhetherthestoriesaretrueD.istellingthestoriesjustforfun2.Accordingtothepassage，PresidentJacksonA．couldn’tdrawupanydocumentsatallB.didn’tliketoreadimportantpapersbyhimselfC．oftenhadhisassistantssigndocumentsforhimD.wasn’tgoodatreading，writingorspelling3.Accordingtothefirststory,theterm“OK”A.wasapprovedofbyPresidentJacksonB．wasthetitleofsomeOfficialdocumentsC．wasfirstusedbyPresidentJacksonD．wasanoldwaytospell“allcorrect’’4.Accordingtothesecondstory，theterm‘‘OK”A．wastheshortwaytosay‘‘oldKinderhookClub”B．meanttheplacewherePresidentVanBurenwasbornC．wasthenameofVanBuren’sclubD．wasusedtocallVanBuren’ssupportersintheelection5.Accordingtothesecondstory．theterm“OK”wasfirstused__A．byVanBurenB．inapresidentialelectionC．toorganizetheOldKinderhookClubD．bythemembersofthe‘‘OldKinderhookClub”Passage2AlthoughtheUnitedStatescoverssomuchlandandthelandproducesfarmorefoodthanthepresentpopulationneeds，itspeoplearebynowalmostentirelyanurbansocietyLessthanatenthofthepeopleareengagedinagricultureandforestry(林業(yè))，andmostoftherestliveinoraroundtowns，smallandlarge．Herethetraditionalpictureischanging：everysmalltownmaystillbeverylikeothersmalltowns，andthetypicalsmalltownmayrepresentawidelyacceptedviewofthecountry，butmostAmericansdonotliveinsmalltownsanymore．Halfthepopulationnowlivesinsomethirtymetropolitanareas(1argecitieswiththeirsuburbs、ofmorethanamillionpeopleeach—alargerproportionthaninGermanyorEngland，letaloneFrance．Thestatistics(統(tǒng)計)ofurbanandruralpopulationshouldbetreatedwithcautionbecausesomanypeoplewholiveinareasclassifiedasruraltravelbycartoworkinanearbytowneachday．Astherushtoliveoutoftowncontinues．ruralareaswithinreachoftownsaregraduallyfilledwithhouses，sothatitishardtosayatwhatmomentapieceofcountrybecomesasuburbButmoreandmorethetypicalAmericanlivesinametropolitanratherthanasmalltownenvironment．6.IfnowAmericahas250millionpeople．howmanyofthemareengagedinagricultureandforestryA．About25million．B．Morethan25million．7.WhichofthefollowingfourcountrieshasthesmallestproportionofpeoplelivinginmetropolitanareasA．UnitedStates．B．Germany．C．France．D．England．8.What’sthemeaningoftheword“metropolitan”inthemiddleofthepassageA.Ofalargecitywithitssuburbs．B．Ofsmallandlargetowns．C．Ofurbanareas．D．Ofruralareas．9.Accordingtothepassage，whatcanwelearnaboutsmalltownsintheUnitedStatesAMostsmalltownsbecomegraduallycrowdedB．Smalltownsarestillsimilartoeachother．C．Asthetraditionalpictureischanging，townsaredifferent．D.Smalltownsareturningintolargecities10.WhyisithardtosaywhenapieceofcountrybecomesasuburbA．Becausetheyarethesame．B．BecausetherushtakesplacetooquicklyC．Becausetheprocessisgradual．D．BecausemoreandmoreAmericansliveinmetropolitanareas．Passage3Ifwewereaskedexactlywhatweweredoingayearago，weshouldprobablyhavetosaythatwecouldnotrememberButifwehadkeptabookandhadwritteninitanaccountofwhatwedideachday，weshouldbeabletogiveananswertothequestion.ItisthesameinhistoryManythingshavebeenforgottenbecausewedonothaveanywrittenaccountofthemSometimesmendidkeeparecordofthemostimportanthappeningsintheircountry，butoftenitwasdestroyedbyfireorinawar．SometimestherewasneveranywrittenrecordatallbecausethepeopleofthattimeandplacedidnotknowhowtoWrite．Forexample，weknowagooddealaboutthepeoplewholivedinChina4，000yearsago,becausetheycouldwriteandleavewrittenrecordsforthosewholivedafterthem．Butweknowalmostnothingaboutthepeoplewholivedeven200yearsagoincentralAfrica．becausetheyhadnotlearnedtowrite．Sometimes．ofcourse，evenifthepeoplecannotwrite，theymayknowsomethingofthepast．Theyhaveheardaboutitfromolderpeople，andoftensongsanddancesandstorieshavebeenmadeaboutthemostimportanthappenings，andthesehavebeensungandactedandtoldformanygenerationsFormostpeopleareproudtotellwhattheirfathersdidinthepast．Thiswemaycall’rememberedhistory’．Someofithasnowbeenwrittendown.Itisnotsoexactorsovaluabletousaswrittenhistoryis，becausewordsaremuchmoreeasilychangedwhenusedagainandagaininspeechthanwhencopiedinwriting．Butwheretherearenowrittenrecords，suchspokenstoriesareoftenveryhelpful．11.WhichofthefollowingideasisnotsuggestedinthepassageA．“Rememberedhistory”，comparedwithwrittenhistory，islessreliableB．Writtenrecordsofthepastplaythemostimportantroleinourlearningofthehumanhistory．C．AwrittenaccountofourdailyactivitieshelpsUStobeabletoanswermanyquestions．D．Wheretherearenowrittenrecords．thereisnohistory．12.WeknowverylittleaboutthecentralAfrica200yearsagobecause___A．therewasnothingworthbeingwrittendownatthattimeB.thepeoplethereignoredtheimportanceofkeepingarecordC．thewrittenrecordswereperhapsdestroyedbyafireD．thepeopletheredidnotknowhowtowrite13.“Rememberedhistory”refersto___．A．historybasedonaperson’simaginationB.storiesofimportanthappeningspasseddownfrommouthtomouthC.songsanddancesaboutthemostimportanteventsD.bothBandC14.“Rememberedhistory”isregardedasvaluableonlywhen____.A.itiswrittendownB.nowrittenaccountisavailableC．itprovestobetimeD．peopleareinterestedinit15.Thepassagesuggeststhatwecouldhavelearnedmuchmoreaboutourpastthanwedonowiftheancientpeoplehad_____A．keptawrittenrecordofeverypasteventB.notburnttheirwrittenrecordsinwarsC．toldexactstoriesofthemostimportanthappeningsD．mademoresongsanddancesPassage4WhenMrs．JosephGroegerdiedrecentlyinVienna，Austria，peopleaskedtheobvious，“Whydidshelivetobe107”Answerswereprovidedbyasurveyconductedamong148Viennesemenandwomenwhohadreachedtheageof100．Somewhatsurprisingwasthefactthatthemajorityhadlivedmostoftheirlivesincities．Inspiteofthecity’simageasanunhealthyplace，citylivingoftenprovidesbenefitsthatcountrylivingcanlack．Onefactorseemstobeimportanttothelongevity(長壽)ofthoseinterviewed．Thisfactorisexercise．inthecitiesitisoftenfastertowalkshortdistancesthantowaitforabus．Eventakingpublictransportationoftenrequiressomewalking．Smallerapartmenthouseshavenoelevators(電梯)，andsopeoplemustclimbstairs．CitypeoplecanusuallywalktolocalsupermarketsSinceparkingspacesarehardtofind，thereisoftennoalternativetowalking．Ontheotherhand，thosewholiveinthecountryandsuburbsdonothavetowalkeveryday．Infact，theoppositeisoftentrue．Togotoschool，work，oralmostanywhereelse，theymustrideincars．16.TheViennasurveymayhelptoexplain_____A．thecomplaintsofpeopleinapartmenthousesB．thecauseofMrsGroeger’sdeathC．thelongevityofpeoplelikeMrs．GroegerD.theimageofcitiesingeneral17.Thepurposeofthesecondparagraphistolistsome_____A．benefitsofwalkingB．occasionsforwalkingincitylifeC.commentsmadebycitypeopleD．problemsofcityliving18.Toreachthethirdfloorofabuilding．itwouldprobablybemosthealthful__A.totaketheelevatorB．towalkupthestairsC．torideinacarD．tofindanalternativetowalking19.Peoplewholiveinthecountryprobablydomoredrivingthanwalkingbecause__A．theydon’tlivenearbusinessareasB.theydon’tneedtheexerciseC．theyneverhaveparkingproblemsD．theycan’taffordtotakethebus20.Aconclusionthatcanbedrawnfromthispassageisthat_A．airpollutionisnotseriousB．anyonecanlivetobe107C．countrypeopleshouldmovetothecityD．walkingisahealthfulexercisePassage5ForanyEnglishman，therecanneverbeanydiscussionastowhoistheworld’sgreatestdramatist(劇作家)．Onlyonenamecanpossiblysuggestitselftohim：thatofWilliamShakespeareEveryEnglishmanhassomeknowledge，howeverslight，oftheworkofourgreatestwriter．AllofUSusewords，phrasesandquotationsfromShakespeare’swritingsthathavebecomepartofthecommonpropertyoftheEnglish-speakingpeople．Mostofthetimeweareprobablyunawareofthesourceofthewordsweused，ratherliketheoldladywhowastakentoseeaperformanceofHamletandcomplainedthatitwasfullofwell—knownproverbsandquotations．Shakespeare，moreperhapsthananyotherwriter，makesfulluseofthegreatresourcesoftheEnglishlanguage．MostofUSuseaboutfivethousandwordsinournormaluseofEnglish；Shakespeareinhisworksusedabouttwenty-fivethousand．ThereisprobablynobetterwayforaforeignertoappreciatetherichnessandvarietyoftheEnglishlanguagethanbystudyingthevariouswaysinwhichShakespeareusedit．Suchastudyiswellworththeeffort(itisnot，ofcourse，recommendedtobeginners)eventhoughsomeaspectsofEnglishusage，andthemeaningofmanywords，havechangedsinceShakespeare’sday．21.Englishpeople______A．haveneverdiscussedwhoistheworld’sgreatestdramatistB．neverdiscussanyissueconcerningtheworld’sgreatestdramatistC．aresurewhoistheworld’sgreatestdramatistD．donotcarewhoistheworld’sgreatestpoetanddramatist22.EveryEnglishmanknows______A．moreorlessaboutShakespeareB．Shakespeare，butonlyslightlyC．allShakespeare’swritingsD．onlythenameofthegreatestEnglishwriter23.WhichofthefollowingistrueA．Weuseallthewords，phrasesandquotationsfromShakespeare’Swritings．B．Shakespeare’swritingshavebecomethepropertyofthosewhoarelearningtospeakEnglish．C．ItislikelytobetruethatpeopleoftendonotknowtheoriginsofthewordstheyuseDAllthewordspeopleusearetakenfromthewritingsofShakespeare24.Whatdoestheword“proverb”meanA．FamiliarsayingsB．Shakespeare’splays．C．Complaints．D．Actorsandactresses．25.WhyisitworthwhiletostudythevariouswaysinwhichShakespeareusedEnglishA．EnglishwordshavechangedalotsinceShakespeare’Stime．B．BydoingSOonecanbefullyawareoftherichnessoftheEnglishlanguageC.EnglishwordsarenowbeingusedinthesamewayasinShakespeare’stimeD.BeginnersmayhavedifficultylearningsomeaspectsofEnglishusagePassage6Treesareusefultomaninthreeveryimportantways：theyprovidehimwoodandotherproducts；theygivehimshade；andtheyhelptopreventdrought(干旱)andfloods．Unfortunately，inmanypartsoftheworld，manhasnotrealizedthatthethirdoftheseservicesisthemostimportant．Inhiseagernesstodrawquickprofitfromthetrees，hehascutthemdowninlargenumbersTwothousandyearsago，arichandpowerfulcountrycutdownitstreestobuildwarships，withwhichtogainitselfanempireItgainedtheempirebut，withoutitstrees，itssoilbecamebareandpoor．Whentheempirefelltopieces，thecountryfounditselffacedbyfloodsandstarvation．Evenwhereagovernmentrealizestheimportanceofaplentifulsupplyoftrees，itisdifficultsometimestomakethepeoplerealizethis．TheycutdownthetreesbutaretoocarelesstoplantandlookafternewtreesSo，unlessthegovernmenthasagoodsystemofcontrol，orcaneducatethepeople，theforestsslowlydisappearThisdoesnotonlymeanthattherewillbefewertrees．Theresultsareevenmoreserious：forwheretherearetrees，theirrootsbreakthesoilup，allowingtheraintosinkin，andalsobindthesoil．Thispreventsthesoilfrombeingwashedaway．Butwheretherearenotrees，therainfallsonhardgroundandflowsawayonthesurface，andthiscausesfloodsandtheraincarriesawaytherichtopsoilinwhichcropsgrowWhena11thetopsoilisgone．nothingremainsbutworthlessdesert．26.Treesareusefultomanmainlyinthreeways，themostimportantofwhichisthattheycan____A.keephimfromthehotsunshineB．enablehimtobuildwarshipsC．makehimdrawquickprofitfromthemD.protecthimfromdroughtsandfloods27.It’sagreatpitythat____A．manisonlyinterestedinbuildingempiresB．maniseagertoprofitfromtreesC．manhasn’trealizedtheimportanceoftreestohimD.manhasn’tfoundoutthathehaslostalltrees28.Soonerorlatertheforestswilldisappear______．A.unlessacountryhasaplentysupplyoftreesB．unlesspeoplestopcuttingdowntheirtreesC．unlessaIlpeoplearetaughttheimportanceofplantingtreesD．unlessthegovernmentpunishesthosewhocuttreesinsteadofplantingthem29.Theword“bind”inParagraph5means“_____”A．towashawayB．tomakewetC．tomakestaytogetherD．toimprove30.Whenthereisaheavyrain．treescanhelptopreventfloods．astheycan.A．keeprainfromfallingdowntosoftgroundB，causethesoiltoallowrainwatertosinkinC．preventthesoilfrombeingwashedawayD.makethetopsoilsticktogetherPassage7SomeofthenotebooksGeorgeWashingtonkeptasayoungmanarestillinexistence．TheyshowthathewaslearningLatin，wasveryinterestedinthebasicsofgoodbehaviorinsociety，andwasreadingEnglishliterature．Atschoolheseemsonlytohavebeeninterestedinmathematics．Infact，hisformaleducationwassurprisinglybriefforagentleman，andincompleteForunlikeotheryoungVirginianofthatday，hedidnotgototheCollegeofWilliamandMaryintheVirginiancapitalofWilliamsburg．Intermsofformaltrainingthen，WashingtoncontrastssharplywithsomeotherearlyAmericanPresidentssuchasJohnAdams，ThomasJeffersonandJamesMadison．Inlateryears，WashingtonprobablyregrettedhislackofintellectualtrainingHeneverfeltcomfortableinadebateinCongress(國會)，oronanySubjectthathadnottodowitheveryday，practicalmattersAndbecauseheneverlearnedFrenchandcouldnotspeakdirectlytotheFrenchleaders，hedidnotvisitthecountryheadmiredSOmuch．Thus，unlikeJeffersonandAdams，heneverreachedEurope31．Whydidn’tWashingtongotocollegeA．Hisfamilycouldnotaffordit．BAcollegeeducationwasratheruncommoninhistime．C．Hedidn’tliketheyoungVirginiangentlemenD．Theauthordoesn’tgiveanyreason．32．WashingtonfeltuncomfortableinCongressdebatesbecausehe_____A．1ackedpracticeinpublicspeakingB．felthiseducationwasnotgoodenoughC．didn’tlikearguinganddebatingwithpeopleDfeltthatdebatingwaslikeintellectualtraining33ThereasonwhyWashingtondidn’tvisitFrancewasprobablythathe_____A．didn’treallycareaboutgoingB．didn’tknowFrench1eadersC．couldn’tcommunicatedirectlywiththeFrenchleadersD．wastoobusytoNavel34Accordingtotheauthor______AWashington’slackofformaleducationplacedhimatadisadvantageinlaterlifeB．WashingtonshouldhavegonetoFranceeventhoughhecouldnotspeakFrenchC．WashingtonwasnotasgoodapresidentasAdams，JeffersonorMadisonDWashingtonwasamodelforallVirginiangentlemen35．ThemainideaofthepassageisthatWashington’seducation_____Awasofgreatvariety，coveringmanySubjectsBwasprobablyequaltothoseofmostyounggentlemenofhistimeC．mayseempoorbymodernstandards．butwasgoodenoughforhistimeDwasratherlimitedforapresidentPassage8Likemostpeople，1wasbroughtuptolookuponlifeasaprocessofgettingItwasnotuntilinmylatethirtiesthat1madethisimportantdiscovery：giving-awaymakeslifesomuchmoreexcitingYouneednotworryifyoulackmoneyThisishow1experimentedwithgiving-away．Ifanideaforimprovingthewindowdisplayofaneighborhoodstoreflashestome，Istepinandmakethesuggestiontothestorekeeper．OnediscoveryImadeaboutgiving-awayisthatitisalmostimpossibletogiveawayanythinginthisworldwithoutgettingsomethingback，thoughthereturnoftencomesinallunexpectedform．OneSundaymorningthelocalpostofficedeliveredanimportantspecialdeliverylettertomyhome，thoughitwasaddressedtomeatmyOffice．1wrotethepostmasteranoteofappreciationMorethanayearlaterIneededapost—officeboxforanewbusiness1wasstarting1wastoldatthewindowthattherewerenoboxesleft，andthatmynamewouldhavetogoonalongwaitinglist．As1wasabouttoleave，thepostmasterappearedinthedoorway．Hehadoverheard(無意中聽到)ourconversation．“Wasn’tityouthatwroteUSthatletterayearagoaboutdeliveringaspecialdeliverytoyourhome”Isaidyes“Well，youcertainlyaregoingtohaveaboxinthispostofficeifwehavetomakeoneforyou．Youdon’tknowwhataletterlikethatmeanstous.Weusuallygetnothingbutcomplaints．’’36．Fromthepassage，weunderstandthat______AtheauthordidnotunderstandtheimportanceofgivinguntilhewasinlatethirtiesB．theauthorwaslikemostpeoplewhoweremostlyreceiversratherthangiversC．theauthorreceivedthesameeducationasmostpeopleduringhischildhoodD．theauthorlikedmostpeopleastheylookeduponlifeasaprocessofgetting37．Accordingtotheauthor_____AgivingmeansyouwilllackmoneyBtheexcitementofgivingcanbringyoumoneyCyoudon’thavetoberichinordertogiveD．whenyougiveawaymoney，youwillberich38．Theauthorwouldmakethesuggestiontothestorekeeper___A．inwritingB．inpersonCinthewindowdisplayD．abouttheneighborhood39．Whentheauthorneededapost-officebox，______A．hehadtoputhisnameonawaitinglistBhewrotethepostmasteranoteofappreciationC．manypeoplehadappliedforpost-officeboxesbeforehimD．heaskedthepostmastertomakeoneforhim40．Inreplytothepostmaster’squestion．theauthorsaid______A．itwasthespecialdeliveryB．itwasthepost-officeboxC．itwasthenoteofappreciationhewroteDitwashewhowrotehimaletterayearagoPassage9ChildrenintheUnitedStatesareexposedtomanyinfluencesotherthanthatoftheirfamilies．Televisionisthemostsignificantoftheseinfluences，becausethehabitofwatchingtelevisionusuallybeginsbeforechildrenstartattendingschool．Parentsareconcernedaboutthelackofqualityintelevisionprogramsforchildren．Thedegreeofviolenceinmanyoftheseshowsalsoworriesthem．Studiesindicatethat，whenchildrenareexposedtoviolence，theymanybecomeaggressiveorinsecure.Parentsarealsoconcernedat，outthecommercialsthattheirchildrenseeontelevision．Manyparentswouldliketoseefewercommercialsduringprogramsforchildren．Andsomeparentsfeelthattheseshowsshouldnothaveanycommercialsatallbecauseyoungmindsarenotmatureenoughtodealwiththeclaimsmadebyadvertisers．EducationaltelevisionhasnocommercialsandhasprogramsforchildrenthatmanyparentsapproveofThemostfamousoftheseisSesameStreet，whichtriestogivepreschoolchildrenaheadstartinlearningthealphabet(字母)andnumbers．Italsofliestoteachchildrenusefulthingsabouttheworldinwhichtheylive．EventhoughmostparentsandeducatorsgiveSesameStreetandshowslikeithighmarksforquality，somecriticsarguethatalltelevision，whethereducationalornot，isharmfultochildren．Thesecriticsfeelthatthehabitofwatchinghoursoftelevisioneverydayturnschildrenintoboredandpassive(被動的)consumersoftheirworldratherthanencouragingthemtobecomeactiveexplorersofit．41．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTbasedonthepassageA．ParentsareworriedabouttheinfluencefromtelevisionontheirchildrenBTelevisionhasmuchinfluenceonchildrenCBothparentsandtheirchildrenlikewatchingeducationaltelevision．D．Somecriticsthinkthattelevisionisnogoodforchildren．42．InwhatwaysdochildrensufferfromtelevisionA．TheybecomethevictimsofsocialviolenceBTheyspendhourswatchingtelevisioninsteadofdoingschoolworkCTheprogramsmakethechildrenloseinterestintheworld．DTheprogramsmakethechildrenspendtoomuchoftheirparents’money43．Parentswouldnotliketheirchildrentoseecommercialsbecause____A．theythinkthattheirchildrenorenotoldenoughtohandleadvertisingB．commercialsteachchildrenalphabetandnumbersC．commercialshelptosellproductsD．theydon’tlikecommercials44．EducationaltelevisioniswidelyappreciatedbecauseA．itdoeshavethesamecommercialsasothersB．itoffersprogramsforbothchildrenandtheirparentsCmanyparentsliketheprogramsitoffersfortheirchildrenD．childrencanlearnsomeschoolsubjectsbeforetheygotoschool45．WhichofthefollowingcanbestserveasthetitleofthepassageA．WatchingTooMuchTelevisionMayBeHarmfultoYoungMindsB．TelevisionIsMoreHarmfulthanEducationalC．Television’sInfluenceonChildrenDMoreEducationTelevisionPassage10Wecanmakemistakesatanyage．Somemistakeswemakeareaboutmoney．Butmostmistakesareaboutpeople．“DidJerryreallycarewhenIbrokeupwithHelen…‘WhenIgotthatgreatjob，didJerryreallyfeelgoodaboutit，asafriendOrdidheenvymyluck”Whenwelookback．doubtslikethesecanmakeUSfeelbad．Butwhenwelookback．It’stoolateWhydowegowrongaboutourfriends-orourenemiesSometimeswhatpeoplesayhidestheirrealmeaning．Andifwedon’treallylisten，wemissthefeelingbehindthewords．Supposesomeonetellsyou．‘‘you’realuckydog”．Ishereallyonyoursideifhesays．“You’realuckyguy”or“You’realuckygal”．That’sbeingfriendly．But“l(fā)uckydog”There’sabitofenvyinthosewordsMaybehedoesn’tseeithimself．Butbringinginthe‘‘dog”bitputsyoudownalittle．Whathemaybesayingisthathedoesn’tthinkyoudeserveyourluck．Howcanyoutelltherealmeaningbehindsomeone’swordsOnewayistotakeagoodlookatthepersontalking．DohiswordsfitthewayhelooksDoeswhathesayssquarewiththetoneofvoiceHisposture(體態(tài))ThelookinhiseyesStopandthink．Theminuteyouspendthinkingabouttherealmeaningofwhatpeoplesaytoyoumaysaveanothermistake46.Fromthequestionsinthefirstparagraphwecanlearnthatthespeaker_____A．feelshappy，thinkingofhownicehisfriendsweretohimB．feelshemaynothave“read”hisfriends’truefeelingscorrectlyC．thinksitwasamistaketohavebrokenupwithhisgirlfriend，HelenDissorrythathisfriendslethimdown47.Inthesecondparagraph．theauthorusestheexampleof“You’realuckydog”toshowthat．A．thespeakerofthissentenceisjustbeingfriendlyBthissayingmeansthesameas“You’realuckyguy”or“You’realuckygal”CsometimesthewordsusedbyaspeakergiveacluetothefeelingbehindthewordsD．theword“dog”shouldn’tbeusedtoapplytopeople48.Thispassagetriestotellyouhowto______A．avoidmistakesaboutmoneyandfriendsB．bringthe“dog’’bitintoourconversationC．avoidmistakesinunderstandingwhatpeopletellyouDkeeppeoplefriendlywithouttrustingthem49.Inlisteningtoaperson．theimportantthingis______A．tonoticehistone，hisposture，andthelookinhiseyesBtolistentohowhepronounceshiswordsC．tocheckhiswordsagainsthismanner，histoneofvoice，andhispostureD．nottobelievewhathesays50.Ifyoufollowedtheadviceofthewriter，youwould______AbeabletogettherealmeaningofwhatpeoplesaytoyouB．avoidanymistakeswhiletalkingwithpeoplewhoenvyyouC．notloserealfriendswhosaythingsthatdonotpleaseyouD．beabletoobservepeopleastheyaretalkingtoyouPassage11WhywasBastilleimportanttothecitizensofParisThebuildingoftheBastillehadbeenstartedin1370underCharlesVBytheseventeenthcenturyithadstoppedtobeimportantfordefense．CardinalRichelieuturneditintoaprison．Itwasnotanordinaryprisontopunishcommoncrimes．ItshugedoorsclosedonlyonenemiesoftheKingTheBastille’sworkingsweresecret．Prisonersweretakentoitinclosedvehicles．SoldiersonguarddutyhadtostandwiththeirfacestothewallNOtalkingwasallowedWorstofall，aprisonerneverknewifhewouldbethereaday，aweek，ayear，orforever．OnlytheKing’slettercouldsethimfreeOvertheyearsthenumberofarrestsbyKing’Sletterhadbecomefewer．Bythetimeofitsfall．mostoftheprisonerswerewriterswhohadwrittenagainstthecorruptions(貪污腐敗)ofthegovernmentVoltaire，thefamousFrenchwriter，spentayeartherein1717～1718，andanother12daysin1726.Forthosewhobelievedinfreespeechandfreethinking，theBastillestoodforeverythingevil．Thedayitwascaptured，onlysevenprisonerswerefoundinside．Still，theBastillewashatedbythepeopleItwasasymboloftheKing’scompletepower.51.TheBastillehadbeenaprison_____A．sincethetimeofCharlesVB．since1370C．beforetheseventeenthcenturyD．since血etimeofCardinalRichelieu52.Accordingtothepassage，whichofthefollowingstatementsisFALSEA．AnyonewhodidsomethingwrongcouldfindhimselfsuddenlyintheBastilleB．TheBastillewasonlyforthosewhowereopposedtotheKing．C．ThingsdoneintheBastillewerehardlyknowntopeopleoutsideD．VoltairewastwiceputintheBastille．53.Atthetimeofitsfall，theBastillehoused____．A．alargenum