2023年考研考博-考博英語-揚(yáng)州大學(xué)考試歷年高頻考點(diǎn)真題薈萃帶答案

2023年考研考博-考博英語-揚(yáng)州大學(xué)考試歷年高頻考點(diǎn)真題薈萃帶答案第1卷一.綜合題(共25題)1.單選題Thehealthadministrativedepartmentofacitywithdistrictsshalldesignateatleastone（）medicalinstitutiontotakeandtreatAIDSvictimsandAIDSviruscarriers.問題1選項A.illegibleB.legibleC.eligibleD.ineligible2.單選題

Iaskedseveralvillagersthewaytotheriver,butnoneofthemwasvery（）.問題1選項A.trustworthyB.knowledgeableC.considerateD.forthcoming3.單選題Whenmywife,Meg,sufferedaseverestrokethatimmobilizedherleftside,Iknewwewouldbefacingagruelingodysseyinvolvingseveralhospitals,dozensofdoctorsandcountlesstherapysessions.WhatIwasn’tpreparedforwastheAmericanWayofManagedHealthCare,asystemthatisbureaucraticandoftendysfunctional.Yes,medicalpractitionersintheUnitedStatesaregenerallyconsideredamongthebestintheworld,andmywifeprimarilyhadfirst-ratecare,buttheirback-officepractice—abusinessdominatedbythird-partypayers—isbadlyrunatworstandwoefullyconfusingatbest.Meg’sstrokeoccurredwhilewewerevacationinginthesouthofFrancelastsummer.Afterbeingstabilizedintheemergencyroomofasmallhospital,shewastransferredimmediatelytoalargeteachinghospital,whereshereceivedexcellenttreatmentinaworld-renownedstrokepavilion.WhenIreceivedthebillforher2—1/2-weekstayatthePasteurHospitalinNice,Iaskedthedeputyadministratorforanitemizedstatement.IknewI’dneedtoshowittoourhealth-insurancecompany—theoneinvoiceformorethan20,000eurowouldn’tdo.Theadministratorwaspuzzled.Therewereonlytwodailyrates,heexplained,oneforsoinsintensifs—orintensivecare—andanotherfornon-acutecare.Therewerenoextracharges;thenumerousambulancetransfers,MRIbrainscans,X-raysandassortedtestsassociatedwithanyseriousinjuryorillnesswereall-inclusive.Infact,theonlysupplementwas10.67Euros—about$13—adayforfoodwhich,althoughnotthree-starbistroquality,wascertainlyabargain,andbetterthananythingyoucaneatinaU.S.hospital.I’mnotarguingthattheFrenchhealth-caresystemshouldbeaworldbenchmark,butcomparedwithwhatwefacedwhenwereturnedhome;itwasamodelofsimplicityandefficiency.Ofcourse,everythinginAmericanmedicalcareisalacarte,andtheinvoicesaresodensewithcodesandabbreviations,it’sawonderanyonecandecipherthem.Ioftenwonder,howmuchdoesthiscosttheAmericanpublicannually?AtoneNewYorkhospital,wereceivedbillsfromdoctorswe’dneverheardof,includingonewhochargedforanofficevisitwhenMegcouldn’tevengetoutofbed.Themanagedcareprovider’scomputersenthimacheckwithoutquestion.Hadhenotbilledusfortheco-paymentIneverwouldhavenoticedtheerror.Overthepastfewmonths,Ispenthoursclearingupthesekindsofmistakes.Adoctorfriendwhoheadsadepartmentinalargehospitaladmittedthatthesekindsofcomplaintsarealltoocommon.Meg’smedicaltabhasreachednearly$300,000,whichseemsmonumental,evengiventhenatureofhercatastrophicinjury.Thankfully,wewerecoveredformostofit.Yet$90,000ofthatfigurehadlittleornothingtodowithpatientcare.Roughly30centsofeachhealth-caredollargoestoadministration,ortheprocessingofpaperwork.Ifthatfigurecouldbereducedbyathird,even$30,000wouldgoalongwaytowardextendingherrehabtreatments.(Meg’s2004benefitshaverunout.)WhenMegwasfinallydischargedafterspending56daysinhospitals,wereceivedco-paymentbillsforhermedicalequipment,includinganitemizedstatementforeveryextraonherwheelchair(no,thebrakeextensions,footpedals,armrest,anti-tipbars,seatandseatbeltarenotincluded).Buttheproviderbilledustwoways,oneforleasingthechairandanotherforpurchase.Evennow,afternumerousphonecalls,Istilldon’tknowwhetherweownorarerentingthewheelchair.Theoutpatientrehabtherapysessionspresentedtheirownsetofchallenges.Thehospitalsentanumberofbills—printedinalphanumericcodes—foradditionalthousandsofdollarseventhoughwemadetheproperco-paymentsatthetimeoftreatment.BillingadministratorsbarelyraisedaneyebrowwhenItoldthemIhadspenttoomuchtimeonholdandwouldnolongerbothercallingtodisputethecharges.(Wehavesincereceivedautomatedearly-morningphonecallsaskingustocontactthehospital.)I’vecheckedwithotherswhohavehadprotractednegotiationswithhealth-careprovidersandinsurersovercomplexmedicaltreatment.Theyechomyfrustration.Whyisitincumbentontherecipienttospendcountlesshoursrectifyingthemedicaladministration’smistakes?Howmuchextradoesthisprocessaddtothenation’sannualhealth-carebill?Medicare—ourgovernment-subsidizedsystemthatcaresfortheelderly—hasamuchbetterrecordinadministrativecosts.Itspendsbetweenthreeandfourcentsofeverydollaronpaperworkandprocessing.Asingle-payersystemiseasierandcheapertorun.We’vehadatwo-tierhealth-caresystemintheUnitedStatesforawhile,andonlyonetierworks.Isn’tittimeformanagedcaretoslimdownandhelpitspatientsgetbetterinsteadofburdeningthemwithneedlesslyexpensivepaperwork?1.“Odyssey”inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto（）.2.WhichofthefollowingconcerningtheFrenchmedicalsystemisNOTtrueaccordingtotheauthor?3.WhichofthefollowingconcerningAmericanhealth-caresystemisNOTtrue?4.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsAmericanhealth-caresystem?5.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto（）.問題1選項A.struggleB.treatmentC.longjourneyD.time問題2選項A.Thehospitalprovidesgoodandcheapfood.B.Thehospitalprovidesexcellenttreatmenttopatients.C.Themanagementsystemissimpleandefficient.D.Theonepageinvoiceisnotasclearasitemizedstatement.問題3選項A.Itiscomplex.B.Itoftendoesnotwork.C.Treatmentbillsarenotwithoutwork.D.Onethirdoftheauthor’smoneywenttoadministration.問題4選項A.AngryB.indifferentC.HopefulD.Appreciative問題5選項A.complainaboutAmericanhealth-caresystemB.appealforachangeinAmericanhealth-caresystemC.criticizethesystemforitshighcostsinadministrationD.tellthereaderabouttheauthor’sexperiencesinthewholeprocess4.單選題FlatswerealmostunknowninBritainuntilthe1850swhentheyweredeveloped,alongwithotherindustrialdwellings,forthelaboringclasses.Thesevastblockswereplainlya（1）meansof（2）socialconsciencebyhousinglargenumbersoftheever-presentpooron（3）citysites.Duringthe1880s,however,theideaoflivingincomfortableresidentialchamberscaughtonwiththe（4）upperanduppermiddle-classes,and（5）astotheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofflatlifewasatopicofconversation（6）manya（7）dinnertable.InParisandothermajorEuropeancities,thecustomwherebythebetter-offlivedinapartments,orflats,waswell（8）.Uptothelate19thcenturyinEnglandonlybachelorbarristershadestablishedthe（9）oflivinginroomsneartheLawCourt:anyself-respectingheadofhouseholdwouldinsist（10）aWestEndtownhouseashisLondonhome,thebestthathis（11）couldprovide.The（12）offlatsforthebetter-offseemstohavedevelopedforanumberofreasons.First,perhaps,throughthe（13）oftherailways,whichhadenabledawide（14）ofpeopletoenjoyaholidaystayinginasuiteatoneoftheluxuryhotelswhichhadbeguntospringupduringthepreviousdecade.（15）,nodoubt,thefactthatmanyoftheearlyluxuryflatsweresimilar（16）hotelsuites,evenbeingprovidedwith（17）diningroomsandcentralboilersforhotwaterandheating.Rentstendedtobehightocoveroverheads,butsavingsweremade（18）bythesecommunalamenitiesand（19）tenantsbeingableto（20）thenumberoffamilyservants.問題1選項A.conservativeB.conventionalC.convenientD.communicative問題2選項A.easingB.decreasingC.diminishingD.enhancing問題3選項A.compactB.condensedC.compressedD.compatible問題4選項A.flourishingB.affluentC.humbleD.impoverished問題5選項A.ambiguityB.controversyC.predictionD.compromise問題6選項A.aroundB.throughC.overD.above問題7選項A.respectiveB.respectfulC.respectableD.respecting問題8選項A.launchedB.imposedC.establishedD.enacted問題9選項A.traditionB.anticipationC.convictionD.qualification問題10選項A.inB.toC.uponD.for問題11選項A.senseB.methodC.meansD.duty問題12選項A.superiorityB.popularityC.priorityD.adversity問題13選項A.productionB.destructionC.consumptionD.introduction問題14選項A.categoryB.ratioC.proportionD.range問題15選項A.NeverthelessB.NotwithstandingC.HenceD.Hitherto問題16選項A.withB.toC.forD.as問題17選項A.communalB.mutualC.concentratedD.domestic問題18選項A.vulnerableB.availableC.accessibleD.possible問題19選項A.withB.fromC.atD.by問題20選項A.shortenB.reduceC.shrinkD.increase5.翻譯題2.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish.(10%)中國政府已做出了重大的努力，動員人民因地制宜地開展改善生態(tài)環(huán)境的工作。我們還要做出更大的努力來提高人們的環(huán)境意識。需要新聞媒體廣泛宣傳我國的環(huán)境政策，普及環(huán)境知識，使每一個人投入保護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境的行動中去。6.單選題Almostasa（）totherevivalofGreekknowledgeandvaluescametherevivalofinterestinmathematics.問題1選項A.corollaryB.outcomeC.consequenceD.results7.寫作題Directions:Writeacompositionofabout250wordstoexpressyourownopinionsonthefollowingtopic:HowtoProtectIntellectualPropertyRightsinDoingAcademicResearchNotes:Inthefirstpartofyourwriting,youshouldstateclearlythethesisstatement(i.e.yourmainargument),andinthesecondpartyoushouldsupportyourargumentwithappropriatedetails.Inthelastpartyoushouldbringwhatyouhavewrittentoanaturalconclusionorasummary.Markswillbeawardedforcontent,organization,grammarandappropriateness.Failuretofollowtheaboveinstructionsmayresultinalossofmarks.8.單選題Ifyouexplainedthesituationtoyoursolicitor,he（）abletoadviseyoumuchbetterthanIcan.問題1選項A.wouldbeB.willhavebeenC.wasD.were9.單選題Scienceisadominantthemeinourculture.Sinceittouchesalmosteveryfacetofourlife,educatedpeopleneedatleastsomeacquaintancewithitsstructureandoperation.Theyshouldalsohaveanunderstandingofthesubcultureinwhichscientistsliveandthekindsofpeopletheyare.Anunderstandingofgeneralcharacteristicsofscienceaswellasspecificscientificconceptsiseasiertoattainifoneknowssomethingaboutthethingsthatexciteandfrustratethescientist.Thisbookiswrittenfortheintelligentstudentorlaypersonwhoseacquaintancewithscienceissuperficial;forthepersonwhohasbeenpresentedwithscienceasamustystorehouseofdriedfacts;forthepersonwhoseesthechiefobjectiveofscienceastheproductionofgadgets;andforthepersonwhoviewsthescientistsassomesortofmagician.Thebookcanbeusedtosupplementacourseinanyscience,toaccompanyanycoursethatattemptstogiveanunderstandingofthemodernworld,or-independentlyofanycourse-simplytoprovideabetterunderstandingofscience.Wehopethisbookwillleadreaderstoabroaderperspectiveonscientificattitudesandamorerealisticviewofwhatscienceis,whoscientistsare,andwhattheydo.Itwillgivethemanawarenessandunderstandingoftherelationshipbetweenscienceandourcultureandanappreciationoftherolessciencemayplayinourculture.Inaddition,readersmaylearntoappreciatetherelationshipbetweenscientificviewsandsomeofIhevaluesandphilosophiesthatarepervasiveinourculture.Wehavetriedtopresentinthisbookanaccurateandup-to-datepictureofthescientificcommunityandthepeoplewhopopulateit.Thatpopulationhasinrecentyearscometocomprisemoreandmorewomen.Thisincreasingroleofwomeninthescientificsubcultureisnotanuniqueincidentbut,rather,partofthetrendevidentinallsegmentsofsocietyasmorewomenentertraditionallymale-dominatedfieldsandmakesignificantcontributions.Indiscussingthesechangesandcontribution,however,wearefacedwithalanguagethatisimplicitlysexist,onethatusesmalenounsorpronounsinreferringtounspecifiedindividuals.Tooffsetthisbuilt-inbias,wehaveadoptedthepolicyofusingpluralnounsandpronounswheneverpossibleand,whenabsolutelynecessary,alternatingheandshe.Thispolicyisfarfrombeingideal,butitisatleastanacknowledgmentoftheinadequacyofourlanguageintreatinghalfofthehumanraceequally.Wehavealsotriedtomakethebookentertainingaswellasinformative.Ourapproachisusuallyinformal.Wefeel,asdomanyotherscientists,thatweshouldn'ttakeourselvestooseriously.Asthereadermayobserve,weseescienceasadelightfulpastimeratherthanasagrimanddrearywaytoearnaliving.1.Accordingtothepassage,‘scientificsubculture’means（）.2.Weneedtoknowsomethingaboutthestructureandoperationofsciencebecause（）.3.Thebookmentionedinthispassageiswrittenforreaderswho（）.4.Accordingtothispassage,（）.5.Thispassagemostprobablyis（）.問題1選項A.culturalgroupsthatarcformedbyscientists.B.peoplewhoseknowledgeofscienceisverylimited.C.thescientificcommunity.D.peoplewhomakegoodcontributiontoscience.問題2選項A.itisnoteasytounderstandthethingsthatexciteandfrustratescientists.B.Scienceaffectsalmosteveryaspectofourlife.C.Scientistsliveinaspecificsubculture.D.Itiseasiertounderstandgeneralcharacteristicsofscience.問題3選項A.areintelligentcollegestudentsandlaypersonwhodonotknowmuchaboutscience.B.aregoodatproducingvariousgadgets.C.workinastorehouseofdriedfacts.D.wanttohaveasuperficialunderstandingofscience.問題4選項A.Englishisasexistlanguage.B.onlyinthescientificworldistheroleofwomenincreasingrapidly.C.womenaremakingsignificantcontributionstoeliminatingtheinadequacyofourlanguage.D.malenounsorpronounsshouldnotbeusedtorefertoscientists.問題5選項A.abookreview,B.theprefaceofabook.C.thepostscriptofabook.D.theconcludingpartofabook.10.單選題Glassthathasbeentemperedmaybeupto（）.問題1選項A.fivetimesashardasordinaryglassB.ashardasordinaryglassfivetimesC.hardasordinaryglassasfivetimesD.asfivetimeshardordinaryglass11.單選題Weofferawidevarietyofservicestofityourrequest,（）webdesign,graphicdesign,webdevelopment,oranythingelse.問題1選項A.whethertheybeB.whetheritbeC.wouldtheybeD.woulditbe12.翻譯題Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.WriteyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Atitsmostfundamentallevel,atheoryisasetofstatementsaboutnaturalphenomenathatexplainswhythesephenomenaoccurthewaytheydo.Inthesciences,theoriesareusedinwhatKuhncallsthejobof“puzzlesolving”.BythisKuhnmeansthatscientistslookatobservablephenomenaaspuzzlesorquestionstobesolved.Whydoestheearthrevolvearoundthesunandnotflyoffintospace?Whyarehumansbipedalbuttheotherprimatesareknuckle-walkers?Theseareallquestionsaboutthingsthatconfrontuseveryday,anditisthejobofscientiststoaccountforthem.Inshort,then,thefirstdutyofatheoryistoaccountfororexplainobservedphenomena.Butatheoryoughttodomorethanthat.Atheoryalsooughttomakepredictionsaboutwhatwouldoccurunderspecificconditions.Let’slookatonefamiliarexample.Intheearlypartofthe19thcentury,scientistswerealreadyawareofthepresenceofmicroorganismsintheairandwater,andtheyhadanideaabouttheconnectionbetweentheorganismsanddisease.However,theyhadnoideaofhowtheycameintoexistence;indeed,beliefinthespontaneousgenerationoftheseorganismswaswidespread.“Badair”wasthoughttocausedisease.CarefulexperimentationbyLouisPasteurandotherscientistsdemonstratedthatmicrobes,thoughcarriedbyair,arenotcreatedbyair.Livingorganismscomefromotherlivingorganisms.Thesediscoveriesledtothedevelopmentofthegermtheoryofdisease,whichproposedthatdiseasewascausedbymicroorganisms.Theacceptanceofthistheoryhadobviousimportantapplicationsinpublichealth,suchasthedevelopmentofvaccines,hygienicpracticesinsurgery,andthepasteurizationofmilk.Itnotonlycouldexplainthepresenceandspreadofdisease,itcouldalsopredict,forexample,thatdoctorswhodeliveredbabieswithoutwashingtheirhandsafterperformingautopsies(尸體解剖)onpatientswhohaddiedfromchildbirthfeverwouldtransmitthediseasetonewpatients.Evenmoreimportant,thesametheorycouldbeusedtoconnectphenomenathatonthesurfaceappearedunrelated,suchasthetransmittalofdisease,fermentationprocessesinwineandbeerproduction.13.翻譯題A.TranslatethefollowingsentencesfromEnglishintoChinese.(3x5)1.Werecognizethatinthelongrun,innovationisakeydriverofgrowthforbothindividualcountriesandtheglobaleconomyasawhole.Wearecommittedtotacklingoneoftherootcausesofweakgrowthbytakinginnovationasakeyelementofourefforttoidentifynewgrowthenginesforindividualcountriesandtheworldeconomy.2.Recognizingthedetrimentaleffectsofcorruptionandillicitfinanceflowsonequitableallocationofpublicresources,sustainableeconomicgrowth,theintegrityoftheglobalfinancialsystemandtheruleoflaw,wewillreinforcetheG20’seffortstoenhanceinternationalcooperationagainstcorruption,whilefullyrespectinginternationallaw,humanrightsandtheruleoflawaswellasthesovereigntyofeachcountry.3.ThepridewefeelwhensomeonefromournationwinsaNobelPrizeisdifferentfromtheonewefeelwitnessingoneofourathleteswinninganOlympicmedal.Wedon’tfeeltheprideofourtribedemonstratingsuperiorityoverothertribes.Rather,it'sthepridethatcomesfromknowingthatoneofushasmadeasignificantcontributiontoourcommonhumanendeavor.14.單選題

Onhearingthenews,IwentuptoDale’sroom,removedthehamsterfromitscageand,paying（）attentiontohergrief,proceededtoswingitaroundbyitstailtomakesureitreallywasdead.問題1選項A.scarceB.bareC.insufficientD.scant15.單選題Thepartoftheenvironmentalmovementthatdrawsmyfirm’sattentionisthedesignofcities,buildingsandproducts.WhenwedesignedAmerica’sfirstso-called“green”officebuildinginNewYorktwodecadesago,wefeltvery（1）.Buttoday,thousandsofpeoplecometogreenbuildingconferences,andthe（2）thatbuildingscanbegoodforpeopleandtheenvironmentwillbeincreasinglyinfluentialinyearsto（3）.Backin1984wediscoveredthatmostmanufacturedproductsfordecorationweren’tdesignedfor（4）use.The“energy-efficient”sealedcommercialbuildingsconstructedafterthe1970senergycrisis（5）indoorairqualityproblemscausedbymaterialssuchaspaint,wallcoveringandcarpet.Sofar20years,we’vebeenfocusingonthesematerials（6）tothemolecules,lookingforwaystomakethem（7）forpeopleandtheplanet.Homebuilderscannowusematerials—suchaspaintsthatreleasesignificantly（8）amountsoforganiccompounds—thatdon’t（9）thequalityoftheair,water,orsoil.Ultimately,（10）,ourbasicdesignstrategyisfocusednotsimplyonbeing“l(fā)essbad”butoncreating（11）healthfulmaterialsthatcanbeeithersafelyreturnedtothesoil（12）reusedbyindustryagainandagain.Asamatterof（13）,theworld’slargestcarpetmanufacturerhasalreadydevelopedacarpetthatisfullyandsafely（14）.Lookatitthisway:Noone（15）outtocreateabuildingthatdestroystheplanet.Butourcurrentindustrialsystemsare（16）causingtheseconditions,whetherwelikeitornot.So（17）ofsimplytryingtoreducethedamage,weare（18）apositiveapproach.We’regivingpeoplehigh-quality,healthfulproductsandanopportunitytomakechoicesthathavea（19）effectontheworld.It’snotjustthebuildingindustry,either.（20）citiesaretakingtheseenvironmentallypositiveapproachestodesign,planningandbuilding.Portland,SeattleandBostonhavesaidtheywanttobegreencities.Chicagowantstobethegreenestcityintheworld.問題1選項A.aloneB.lonelyC.abandonedD.isolated問題2選項A.practiceB.ideaC.outlookD.scheme問題3選項A.goB.arriveC.comeD.continue問題4選項A.indoorB.indoorsC.inwardD.inwards問題5選項A.displayedB.exhibitedC.discoveredD.revealed問題6選項A.backB.nextC.downD.near問題7選項A.comfortableB.safeC.cautiousD.stable問題8選項A.reducedB.descendedC.revisedD.delayed問題9選項A.denyB.dissolveC.depressD.destroy問題10選項A.besidesB.anyhowC.howeverD.anyway問題11選項A.partiallyB.completelyC.exactlyD.superficially問題12選項A.orB.butC.andD.nor問題13選項A.interestB.principleC.factD.course問題14選項A.reprocessedB.researchedC.reusedD.recyclable問題15選項A.startsB.looksC.pullsD.makes問題16選項A.basicallyB.traditionallyC.originallyD.inevitably問題17選項A.becauseB.insteadC.outD.regardless問題18選項A.adjustingB.adoptingC.admittingD.adapting問題19選項A.functionalB.preciousC.beneficialD.sensible問題20選項A.EntireB.FullC.TotalD.Complete16.單選題Hecouldtellbythe（）inherlowerlipthatshewasabouttocry.問題1選項A.quiverB.stiffnessC.stillnessD.facilitation17.單選題Manyabusinessman（）himselftheprisonerofhisbusinessandthecommoditieshesells;hehasafeelingoffraudulencyabouthisproductandasecretcontemptforit.問題1選項A.hadfeltB.havefeltC.feelsD.feel18.單選題Noneofthisis（）surprising,norarethesequestionableindustrymachinationlimitedtothefrenziedsearchfortheso-calledpinkpill.

問題1選項A.attheleastB.theleastC.theleastbitD.intheleastbit19.單選題

Despitetheoppositionfromhisfamily,theboyremained（）inhisdecisiontomarryher.問題1選項A.faithfulB.constantC.staunchD.resolute20.單選題Microsoftreignedforyearsasthewealthiesttechnologycompanyprimarily（）itsownershipandcultivationofWindows—theuniversalplatformforapplicationsonthePC.問題1選項A.byforceofB.byrightofC.bydintofD.withtheassistanceof21.單選題Intensiverequirements,ratherthancontent,distinguishmaster’s-levelcoursesfromundergraduatecourses.Thecontentisspecialized,butoftennomoresothaninupper-levelundergraduatecoursesinBritishCommonwealthorEuropeanuniversities.First-yearAmericangraduatestudentsare,inasense,catchingup.YettheyarealsolearningtoworkundermorepressurethanundergraduatesintheUnitedStatesofelsewhere.Itisnotquiteaccuratetoequatefirst-yeargraduatestudywiththemaster’sdegree;inaddition,mostmaster’sprogramsrequiremorethanayear’swork,andmorethancoursework.Theycanbeequatedintheirpurpose:toacquaintthestudentwiththeliterature,thecurrentideas,themethodologies,etc.,ofhisorherfield.Thefirstyearofgraduatestudyisbestcharacterized,then,asareadingprogram.Allinall,themaster’sprogramislesseasilydefinedthanundergraduatecurricula.Thenumberofresidencecreditsmaybeeffectivelydeterminedbyanaccreditingagency(評審機(jī)構(gòu))andwillvaryfromfieldtofield.Insomecurricula(e.g.clinicalpsychology),amandatoryinternshiporpracticaltrainingleadsto2to3yearsofstudy,whereasanM.B.Amaybecompletedin18months.Thefinalrequirementinamaster’sprogrammaybeathesis,acomprehensiveexam,orboth,orcoursepaperscollectedandboundasathesis-substitute.Theremayormaynotbeaforeignlanguagerequirement.Themaster’sdegreeitselfmaybedefinedasacertificateofcompetenceinareasonablyspecializedfield.WemaynoteherethatmanyAmericaneducatorsopposenarrowspecializationatmaster’sandevenatdoctorallevel;theycomplainofhighlytrainedengineerswhoknownothingofthesocialsciences,ofphysicianswhodon’tunderstandhumanpsychology,andofliteraturePh.D.’swhoignorantofscience.Effectivegraduateeducation,inthisview,istheprocessoflearningtofinddata,toevaluateit,andtoorganizeitmeaningfully.1.First-yearAmericangraduatestudents（）.2.Itissuggestedthat（）.3.InordertogetM.B.A,youmust（）.4.Whichoneofthefollowingfinalrequirementsisnecessaryinmaster’sprogram?5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTmentioned?問題1選項A.arecatchingupwithEuropeanUniversitiesB.arecatchingupwithundergraduatesintheUnitesStatesorelsewhereC.arelearningtoworkundermorepressurethanundergraduatesD.Americanundergraduateshavenopressure問題2選項A.thefirstyeargraduatesreadalotB.thefirstyeargraduatesareworkingforthemaster’sdegreeC.thefirstyeargraduatearereadingEnglishliteratureD.thefirstyeargraduatesarejusthavingcoursework問題3選項A.haveinternshiporpracticaltrainingB.study18monthsC.studyaforeignlanguageD.study2or3years問題4選項A.CoursecreditsB.ForeignlanguagesC.AthesisD.Agraduationproject問題5選項A.Americaneducatorscomplainofhighlytrainedengineerswhodon’tknowanythingaboutsocialscience.B.Americaneducatorscomplainofphysicianswhodon’tunderstandhumanpsychology.C.AmericaneducatorscomplainofliteraturePh.D’swhoareignorantofscience.D.Americaneducatorscomplainofthegraduateeducation,whichistheprocessoflearningtofinddate,toevaluateit,andtoorganizeitmeaningfully.22.單選題

Whendepartmentstoreshaveanoversupplyofgoods,theyfrequently（）pricestoencouragesales.問題1選項A.concealB.reviewC.damageD.reduce23.單選題Wemightmarvelattheprogressmadeineveryfieldofstudy,butthemethodsoftestingaperson'sknowledgeandabilityremainasprimitiveasevertheywere.Itreallyisextraordinarythat,afteralltheseyears,educationistshavestillfailedtodeviceanythingmoreefficientandreliablethanexaminations.Forallthepiousclaimthatexaminationstextwhatyouknow,itiscommonknowledgethattheymoreoftendotheexactopposite.Theymaybeagoodmeansoftestingmemory,ortheknackofworkingrapidlyunderextremepressure,buttheycantellyounothingaboutaperson'strueabilityandaptitude.Asanxiety-makers,examinationsaresecondtonone.Thatisbecausesomuchdependsonthem.Theyarethemarkofsuccessoffailureinoursociety.Yourwholefuturemaybedecidedinonefatefulday.Itdoesn'tmatterthatyouweren'tfeelingverywell,orthatyourmotherdied.Littlethingslikethatdon'tcount:theexamgoeson.Noonecangiveofhisbestwhenheisinmortalterror,orafterasleeplessnight,yetthisispreciselywhattheexaminationsystemexpectshimtodo.Themomentachildbeginsschool,heentersaworldofviciouscompetitionwheresuccessandfailureareclearlydefinedandmeasured.Canwewonderattheincreasingnumberof'drop-outs':youngpeoplewhoarewrittenoffasutterfailuresbeforetheyhaveevenembarkedonacareer?Canwebesurprisedatthesuiciderateamongstudents?Agoodeducationshould,amongotherthings,trainyoutothinkforyourself.Theexaminationsystemdoesanythingbutthat.Whathastobelearntisrigidlylaiddownbyasyllabus,sothestudentisencouragedtomemorize.Examinatio