上海市長寧區(qū)2019屆高三上學(xué)期期末教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測英語試題（解析版）

長寧區(qū)2018-2019學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期期末質(zhì)量檢測試卷高三英語(滿分140分，完卷時間120分鐘)I.ListeningprehensionSectionA(10分)Directions:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.音頻A.Atthedressshop.B.Atthebutcher’s.C.Atthehairdresser’s.D.Atthegrocerystore.【答案】C【解析】【詳解】此題為聽力題，解析略。2.音頻A.Playtheviolin.B.Stayathome.C.Writeaposition.D.Attendtheconcert.【答案】D【解析】【詳解】此題為聽力題，解析略。3.音頻A.$4.B.$31.C.$40.D.$69.【答案】B【解析】【詳解】此題為聽力題，解析略。4.音頻A.Someonewitnessingacrime.B.Asalesmanoftheshop.C.Someonelookingfortherobber.D.Afriendofthewoman.【答案】A【解析】【詳解】此題為聽力題，解析略。5.音頻A.Howtocontactthetravelagency.B.Whetherhersisterhasarrivedsafely.C.Wheretofindtheairlineinformation.D.Whyhersisterhasrescheduledsuddenly.【答案】B【解析】【詳解】此題為聽力題，解析略。6.音頻A.Thesuitcasemightbetakenbymistake.B.Thesuitcasemightnotbeofgoodquality.C.Thesuitcasedoesnotlookidealinsize.D.Thesuitcaseseemsquitecheap-looking.【答案】B【解析】【詳解】此題為聽力題，解析略。7.音頻A.ShehasneverbeentoParisbefore.B.SheknowsayoungmanwhocouldbehelpfulC.ShenremembersverylittleaboutParis.D.Shewouldliketotalkaboutitsomeothertime.【答案】C【解析】【詳解】此題為聽力題，解析略。8.音頻A.Hecan’tshowthewomanthedirection.B.He’snowworkingintheprincipal’soffice.C.Hehasmetthewomansomewherebefore.D.Hewon'twaitforhisfriendattheentrance.【答案】A【解析】【詳解】此題為聽力題，解析略。9.音頻A.Ithasbeengivenanewcolour.B.Helenhashaditcheckedrecently.C.Ithasbeentradedforanewone.D.Helenhasjustrenteditfromagarage.【答案】A【解析】【詳解】此題為聽力題，解析略。10.音頻A.Tomhadbeenpreparingthepartyforlong.B.TomstoodoutinthejobinterviewinLondon.C.Tomshouldhavestayedathomefortheexam.D.Tomeventuallymanagedtoshowupattheparty.【答案】D【解析】【詳解】此題為聽力題，解析略。Questionarebasedonthefollowingpassage音頻11.A.OriginoftheOxfordEnglishDictionary.B.ProcessofEnglishdictionarypublication.C.IntroductionofEnglishdictionaries.D.HistoryofWebsterDictionaryofEnglish12.A.Itsreliablesources.B.Itsvariousmeanings.C.Itswayofinvention.D.Itsfrequencyofuse.13.A.ToemphasizethefunctionofadictionaryB.Tointroducethemeaningofthephrase.C.ToillustratethedevelopmentoflanguageD.Torecordtheinventionofnewwords.【答案】11.C12.D13.C【解析】【11題詳解】此題為聽力題，解析略?！?2題詳解】此題為聽力題，解析略。【13題詳解】此題為聽力題，解析略。Questionarebasedonthefollowingpassage音頻14.A.Bypicturingandaddingmaps.B.Bydrawingandmeasuringpoints.C.Bystoringanddevelopingimages.D.Byparingandmatchingfaceprints.15.A.BanksuseittoofferafastentryB.ItcanonlybeusedwithpermissionC.paniesuseitforsecurityD.Itcanbeusedtomeetcustomer'sneeds.16.A.FlexibleB.NeutralC.PositiveD.Critical【答案】14.D15.D16.C【解析】【14題詳解】此題為聽力題，解析略?！?5題詳解】此題為聽力題，解析略?！?6題詳解】此題為聽力題，解析略。Questionarebasedonthefollowingpassage音頻17.A.ItisnotimaginativeB.ItisnotpracticalC.ItisnottimesavingD.Itisnotlovesending.18.A.BygivingittosomeoneelseB.Byrefusingtoacceptit.C.BytradingitforagiftcardD.Byleavingitaside.19.A.Thewomanhasbeenconvinced.B.Themanisdirectandgrateful.C.ThemantrulylovessnowglobesD.Thewomanpicksgiftatrandom.20.A.PracticalsuggestionongiftgivingB.Differentopinionsongiftgiving.C.Easywaysofbuyingthoughtfulgifts.D.Happymomentsofgettinggifts.【答案】17.A18.B19.B20.B【解析】【17題詳解】此題為聽力題，解析略?！?8題詳解】此題為聽力題，解析略?！?9題詳解】此題為聽力題，解析略?！?0題詳解】此題為聽力題，解析略。Ⅱ.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirection:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.PlantingPatriotismYoungboysarenoteasilyshocked,but12-year-oldPrestonSharpsureknowsthefeeling.“Yeah,Iwassurprisedandevendisappointed,”Prestonsaid,Preston’smom,AprilSharpsaid,“ItisthefirsttimeI___21___(see)himlikethisangryandpassionate.”Whatupsethersonsomuchwasvisitinghisgrandpa’sgraveinRedding,California,andrealizingthatnoteveryveteran(老兵)inthecemeteryhasaflag.SoApriltoldhim“son,___22___youaregoingtoplainaboutsomething,youhavetodosomethingaboutitorletitgo”NextthingAprilknew，Prestonwastakingonoddjobsandaskingfordonations___23___(buy)flagsandflowersforeveryveteraninhisgrandpa’scemetery.Andwhenthatcemetery___24___(cover),hemovedontoanother，andthenanother.Hereweare，nearlythreeyearsandabout65,000graveslater.Hedoesiteveryweek___25___theweatherislike,rainorshineespeciallyrain，”Theywereoutthereintheraindoingtheirjob,___26___(protect)us,”Prestonsaid.Hisdevotionisinfections.Whenwordgetsout___27___PrestonwillbeatacemeteryhehasaFacebookpage，PrestonSharp/VetflagsandFlowerspeople，likeVietnamveteranFredLoveland,feel___28___(oblige)tojoinin.”It’samazing.”Lovelandsaid.”Whathe’sdoingbrings___29___outbecausewecan’tbelieveayoungmaninthiscountryisdoingwhathedoes，”Itisamovementofyoungandold，ofthosewhoservedandthosewhoaresogratefulforwhattheydid，allledbyaproudgrandson____30____sawaninjusticeanddecidedtodosomethingaboutit.【答案】21.haveseen22.if/what/whenever23.tobuy24.wascovered/tecting27.that28.obliged29.us30.who/that【解析】【分析】本文為記敘文。作者講述了自己的兒子在拜訪他的爺爺?shù)膲災(zāi)购?，自發(fā)打工、募捐去給每個老兵的墓地購置國旗和鮮花的故事?！?1題詳解】考查時態(tài)。句型：Itisthefirsttimethat…“這是某人第一次做某事”，從句謂語動詞要求使用現(xiàn)在完成時。故填haveseen?！?2題詳解】考查從屬連詞。根據(jù)語境此處有三種翻譯：“兒子，如果你要抱怨什么，你就得做點(diǎn)什么，否則你就放手?！薄皟鹤樱阋г故裁?，你就得做點(diǎn)什么，否則你就放手?！薄皟鹤樱还苣闶窍氡г故裁?，你必須做點(diǎn)什么，否則就放手。”故填if/what/whenever。【23題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：阿普麗爾知道的下一件事是，普雷斯頓開始打零工，請求捐款為祖父墓地里的每一位老兵買國旗和鮮花。根據(jù)句意可知，此處應(yīng)使用不定式表目的。故填tobuy?！?4題詳解】考查語態(tài)。句意：當(dāng)那塊墓地被覆蓋了后，他又開始了另一個、另一個。根據(jù)語境可知，此處應(yīng)使用被動語態(tài)，時態(tài)則可使用一般過去時或過去完成時（表示該動作發(fā)生在moved之前）。故填wascovered/hadbeencovered?！?5題詳解】考查讓步狀語從句。句意：他每周都這樣，不管天氣如何，無論下雨還是晴天——尤其是雨天也是如此。根據(jù)語境可知，此處為讓步狀語從句，修飾名詞theweather，意為“無論什么天氣”。故填whatever。【26題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：他們在雨中做他們的工作,保護(hù)我們。此處與主語they構(gòu)成邏輯主謂關(guān)系，應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語。故填protecting?！?7題詳解】考查同位語從句。句意：有消息說普雷斯頓會去墓地。此處為word的同位語從句，從句句子成分齊全，應(yīng)使用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)。故填that?！?8題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：覺得有必要加入進(jìn)來。obliged“必須的，感激的，有責(zé)任的”。故填obliged?！?9題詳解】考查代詞。句意：他在做什么讓我們因?yàn)槲覀儾荒芟嘈乓粋€年輕人在這個國家做他所做的。根據(jù)句意可知，此處指“我們”，做bring的賓語。故填us?！?0題詳解】考查定語從句。此處修飾先行詞aproudgrandson，關(guān)聯(lián)詞在從句中做主語，應(yīng)使用關(guān)系代詞who/that引導(dǎo)。故填who/that?！军c(diǎn)睛】whatever可以引導(dǎo)的兩類從句：1.引導(dǎo)名詞性從句（主要是引導(dǎo)主語從句和賓語從句），其意相當(dāng)于anythingthat或everythingthat。如：Whatevershedidwasright.她做的一切都是對的。Hedoeswhateversheaskshimtodo.她要他做什么，他就做什么。Iwilljustsaywhateveresintomymind.我想到什么就說什么。2.引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，其意相當(dāng)于nomatterwhat。如：Whateverhappens,don’tforgettowrite.無論怎樣別忘了寫信。Whateveryousay,Iwon’tbelieveyou.不管你說什么，我決不相信你的話。引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時，從句謂語有時可以用“may+動詞原形”代替一般現(xiàn)在時。如：Keepcalm,whateverhappens[mayhappen].無論發(fā)生什么事都要保持冷靜。Whateverreasonshegives[maygive],theycanonlybeexcuses.無論他提出什么理由，那只可能是借口。注意：1.有時還可省略狀語從句中的動詞be。如：He’llewhatevertheweather(is).無論天氣如何，他都會來(yygrammar)。Thebuildingmustbesaved,whateverthecost(is).一定要挽救這座建筑，不管花多大代價。2.有時whatever用作形容詞，在其后跟一個被修飾的名詞。如：Iamwillingtopaywhateverpriceyouask.不管你要價多少，我都愿意付。Takewhatevermagazinesyouwanttoread.任何你想看的雜志都可以取閱。SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox,Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.Aurora(極光):wondersordisturbancesCanada，F(xiàn)ebruary2017:Istoodinthesnowonafrozenlake,watchingastheskytwistedinfrontofme.Greenbandsoflight___31___outinthedarkness.Slowlythecolourstwistedandbrokeandreappearedelsewhereuntil,suddenly,awholebandflowedandpulsedacrossthesky,___32___withdelicateyellow.pinksandpurples.Itwasasdramaticasthunderstorm,yetcalm.Gentle,yet___33___,Mostofall,itwasagift.ThiswasmyfifthauroratripandthefirsttimeIhadseenfastmovementsandbrightcolours.Thecalmgreenauroraldisplaysthatmanypeopleseearedrivenbya(n)_____34_____streamofparticles(微)fromcalledthesolarwind.Butwhenthesunthrowsusextrahotfastparticles,thisprocessgoesoverdrive-wegetmuchmoremovementandcolour.Itisglorious!Aurora-spotterslongforitButforsome,thewildmovementsoftheheavenscanhaveserious___35___Satellites'electronicsareaffectedordamagedbyiningfastparticlies,___36___industriesthatrelyonthem.Flightsmayneedtochangecoursetoavoidradio___37___aroundthepoles,ortoprotectaircrewfromenhancedradiationexposure.Duringasolarstorm，aircrewmayreceivetheirannualradiationlimitoverasingleflight.Stormyspaceweatheraffectsusontheground，too.Alargerstormin1989causeda10-hourelectricalblackoutoverCanada'sQuebecProvince,costingtheeconomya(n)____38____C$10billion.DisturbanceoftheatmospherecausesproblemswithradiobroadcastandGPS.InSeptember2017,ahugesolarfame_____39_____justasHurricanelranhittheCaribbean.TheresultantHFradioblackouthelduptheemergencyresponse.Meanwhile，beautifulauroradisplayswereseeninEngland.Placeitsbeautyaside，then,andtheauroral_____40_____isnothingotherthanagiantplanetarydisturbance,moreofaworrythanawonderforsomepeople.YetseldomdosuchdisturbanceshavesuchfascinatingsideeffectsasthatoftheauroradancingacrossourArcticskies.【答案】31.J32.B33.A34.E35.D36.K37.C38.F39.G40.I【解析】本文為介紹說明文。文章描述了極光的奇幻變化，介紹了極光產(chǎn)生的原因及對人類造成的各種影響?！?1題詳解】句意：綠色的光帶在黑暗中伸展開來。J.stretched“伸展，張開”。故J選項(xiàng)正確?！?2題詳解】句意：慢慢地，色彩扭曲、斷裂，又重新出現(xiàn)在別的地方，直到突然間，一條完整的光帶在天空中流動、脈動，周圍點(diǎn)綴著淡黃、粉紅和紫色。B.bordered“在……上鑲邊”。故B選項(xiàng)正確?！?3題詳解】句意：溫柔，卻又令人驚訝。A.astonishing“驚人的，令人驚訝的”。故A選項(xiàng)正確?！?4題詳解】句意：許多人看到的平靜的綠色極光是由一種叫做太陽風(fēng)的粒子流驅(qū)動的。E.constant“不變的，恒定的，經(jīng)常的”。故E選項(xiàng)正確?！?5題詳解】句意：但對一些人來說，天空的劇烈運(yùn)動可能會帶來嚴(yán)重的后果。D.consequences“結(jié)果”。故D選項(xiàng)正確?！?6題詳解】句意：衛(wèi)星的電子設(shè)備會受到入射的快速粒子的影響或損壞，擾亂依賴它們的工業(yè)。K.upsetting“使心煩，顛覆，擾亂”。故K選項(xiàng)正確?！?7題詳解】句意：飛行可能需要改變航線，以避免兩極附近的無線電信號中斷，或保護(hù)機(jī)組人員免受更強(qiáng)的輻射。C.blackouts“燈火管制，停電”。故C選項(xiàng)正確。【38題詳解】句意：一場更大的風(fēng)暴在加拿大魁北克省造成了長達(dá)10小時的停電，估計(jì)造成了100億加元的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。F.estimated“估計(jì)的，預(yù)計(jì)的，估算的”。故F選項(xiàng)正確?！?9題詳解】句意：2017年9月，一場巨大的太陽爆炸，就像颶風(fēng)登陸加勒比海一樣。G.exploded“爆炸”。故G選項(xiàng)正確。【40題詳解】句意：極光過程只不過是一個巨大的行星擾動。I.process“過程”。故I選項(xiàng)正確。Ill.ReadingprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandDFillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Marmosetmonkeysexistonabranchoftheevolutionarytreethatisdistinctfromtheonethatledtomans.Buttheyconstantlyastonishresearcherswith____41____behaviorthatseemsprettyhighlyevolved.Theirsocialorganizationand____42____practicescouldhavebeenthemodelforthephrase“Ittakesavillage.”Adominantmaleandfemalebreed,andtheirbabiesarecarefullylookedafterbyextendedfamilymemberswhothenaren'tfreetobreedthemselves.Anewstudyfurther____43____themarmoset’sreputationforadmirablemunityvalues.Researchersreportthatthesecaregiverssharetheirfoodmoregenerouslywithlittleones____44____thanwhenthey’resurroundedbythewatchfuleyesofothermunitymembers.Inplexsocietieswhereindividualsbandtogetherfor___45___protection,researchershaveeupwithafewwidelyacceptedexplanationsforselflessbehavior.Butspecificacts,likesharingadeliciouscricket(蟋蟀)withabeggingbabymarmoset,seemtoneedmore___46___explanationOnepossibilityisthatanindividualpractices___47___asameansofenhancinghisstatusamongpeers.By___48___thatheissowellgiftedwithmaterialgoodsthathecangivesomeaway,thisdo-gooderenhanceshispowerwithinthegroup.That,inturn,may___49___prospectivemates.Theotherexplanationforcharitablebehavior___50___thatkindnessesextendedtoothersaresimplythefeesofgroupmembership,whichofferssomefuturepromiseofachancetomate.Failuretosharewouldresultinexclusionfromthegroupandalossof___51___partners.Scientistscallthisthe“paytostay”model.Importantly,forbothofthesemodelstowork,actsofkindnessmusthavea(n)___52___.Thatsuggestsyouwouldseemoresharingingroupsettings;awayfromjudgingeyes,acaregivermightbemorelikelytokeepfoodforhimselforherself.Andyet,in2,581testsconductedwith31adultand14babymarmosets,the___53___appearedtobetrueAnthropologists(人類學(xué)家)fromtheUniversityofZurichcarefullydocumentedhowoften,ingroupsandinconditionsthatfoundcaregiverandbabyseparatedfromthecrowd,anadultwouldsharehisorhercricket.Whenalonewithababybeggingforataste,adultmarmosetssharedtheircricket85%ofthetime.Wheninagroup,caregiversoffereduptheircricket67%ofthetime.”O(jiān)urresultsshowthathelpinginmonmarmosetsisnotdrivenbyreputationmanagementor___54___avoidance,“thestudyauthorsreportedRather,itisdrivenbyadeep-downmotivationtohelpthatismore___55___expressedwhenindividualsarealonewithyoung.”41.A.animalB.carefulC.socialD.individual42.A.evolvingB.municatingC.organizingD.parenting43.A.shinesB.damagesC.affectsD.protests44.A.atplayB.inprivateC.onscheduleD.byaccident45.A.adequateB.effectiveC.continualD.mutual46.A.creativeB.plexC.specificD.official47.A.generosityB.wisdomC.independenceD.governance48.A.promisingB.demonstratingC.pretendingD.explaining49.A.countonB.goafterC.appealtoD.benefitfrom50.A.assumesB.confirmsC.enhancesD.concludes51.A.regularB.dominantC.potentialD.previous52.A.atmosphereB.audienceC.feedbackD.judge53.A.statisticsB.expectationC.argumentD.opposite54.A.responsibilityB.punishmentC.arrangementD.difficulty55.A.stronglyB.causallyC.delicatelyD.fearlessly【答案】41.C42.D43.A44.B45.D46.C47.A48.B49.C50.A51.C52.B53.D54.B55.A【解析】【分析】本文為介紹說明文。文章介紹了科研人員對狨猴的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)。它們不斷地以看似高度進(jìn)化的行為讓研究人員大吃一驚。【41題詳解】考查形容詞辨析。A.animal動物的；B.careful仔細(xì)的；C.social社會的；D.individual個人的。句意：但它們不斷地以高度進(jìn)化的社會行為讓研究人員大吃一驚。故C選項(xiàng)正確?！?2題詳解】考查動詞辨析。A.evolving進(jìn)化,展開；B.municating交流；C.organizing組織；D.parenting撫養(yǎng)。句意：他們的社會組織和為人父母的做法可以成為“一個村莊”的模式。故D選項(xiàng)正確?！?3題詳解】考查動詞辨析。A.shines照耀，顯露；B.damages損壞；C.affects影響；D.protests抗議。句意：一項(xiàng)新的研究進(jìn)一步彰顯了狨猴令人欽佩的社會價值觀。故A選項(xiàng)正確。【44題詳解】考查介詞短語辨析。A.atplay在起作用；B.inprivate私底下；C.onschedule按計(jì)劃；D.byaccident偶然。句意：研究人員報告說，這些看護(hù)人在私下里與孩子分享食物時，比在其他社區(qū)成員的注視下更慷慨。。故B選項(xiàng)正確?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞辨析。A.adequate充足的；B.effective有效的；C.continual持續(xù)的；D.mutual共同的，相互的。句意：在復(fù)雜的社會中，人們?yōu)榱讼嗷ケＷo(hù)而團(tuán)結(jié)在一起，研究人員為無私的行為提出了一些被廣泛接受的解釋。故D選項(xiàng)正確?！?6題詳解】考查形容詞辨析。A.creative創(chuàng)新的；B.plex復(fù)雜的；C.specific特定的；D.official官方的。句意：具體的行為，比如與一只乞討的小狨猴分享美味的蟋蟀，似乎需要更具體的解釋。故C選項(xiàng)正確?！?7題詳解】考查名詞辨析。A.generosity慷慨，大方；B.wisdom智慧；C.independence獨(dú)立；D.governance管理。句意：一種可能性是，一個人通過慷慨大方來提高自己在同齡人中的地位。故A選項(xiàng)正確。【48題詳解】考查動詞辨析。A.promising許諾；B.demonstrating證明，展示；C.pretending假裝；D.explaining解釋。句意：通過展示他在物質(zhì)方面的天賦，他可以分享一些東西，這可以增強(qiáng)他在團(tuán)隊(duì)中的力量。故B選項(xiàng)正確?！?9題詳解】考查動詞辨析。A.counton指望；B.goafter追求；C.appealto吸引；D.benefitfrom受益于。句意：這反過來可能會吸引未來的伴侶。故C選項(xiàng)正確?！?0題詳解】考查動詞辨析。A.assumes假定，設(shè)想；B.confirms證實(shí)；C.enhances提高；D.concludes總結(jié)。句意：對慈善行為的另一種解釋設(shè)想是，對他人的善意只是團(tuán)體成員的費(fèi)用，這為未來提供了一些交配的機(jī)會。故A選項(xiàng)正確?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞辨析。A.regular常規(guī)的；B.dominant支配的；C.potential潛在的；D.previous先前的。句意：不分享會導(dǎo)致被排斥在群體之外，失去潛在的伙伴。故C選項(xiàng)正確?！?2題詳解】考查名詞辨析。A.atmosphere氛圍；B.audience觀眾；C.feedback反饋；D.judge法官。句意：重要的是，要使這兩種模式奏效，善舉必須有觀眾。故B選項(xiàng)正確。【53題詳解】考查名詞辨析。A.statistics統(tǒng)計(jì)；B.expectation期望；C.argument論點(diǎn)；D.opposite。句意：然而，在對31只成年狨猴和14只幼狨猴進(jìn)行的2581項(xiàng)測試中，結(jié)果似乎正好相反。故D選項(xiàng)正確。【54題詳解】考查名詞辨析。A.responsibility責(zé)任；B.punishment懲罰；C.arrangement安排；D.difficulty困難。句意：我們的研究結(jié)果表明，幫助普通狨猴并不是由聲譽(yù)管理或逃避懲罰來驅(qū)動的。故B選項(xiàng)正確。【55題詳解】考查副詞辨析。A.strongly強(qiáng)烈地；B.causally有原因地；C.delicately精致地；D.fearlessly勇敢地。句意：相反，它是由一種幫助他人的深層動機(jī)驅(qū)動的，這種動機(jī)在與年輕人獨(dú)處時表現(xiàn)得更為強(qiáng)烈。故A選項(xiàng)正確。【點(diǎn)睛】完型填空是測試考生英語水平的最重要的題型之一，也是得分率較低的題型之一。完形填空著重考查對文章的整體理解和詞匯意義，包括慣用法。多數(shù)題要求考生以語篇為線索，對文章進(jìn)行通篇理解，正確把握上下文語境的邏輯關(guān)系。在解題的時候，我們一定要根據(jù)前后詞語的相互關(guān)系，聯(lián)系上下文，有時要結(jié)合常識，才能確定正確的選項(xiàng)。如第1小題，根據(jù)下文Theirsocialorganizationand____2____practicescouldhavebeenthemodelforthephrase“Ittakesavillage.”可知，此處指“但它們不斷地以高度進(jìn)化的社會行為讓研究人員大吃一驚”。由此可知，正確答案。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthem,therearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheInformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Whattoendurebeforepublication?Ittakesalottowriteanovel.Eventhosewhohaven’ttriedwouldsay,“Well,duh!”tothis.Butit’snotmuchthemindspaceortheconsiderabletimeittakestowriteanovelthatisasdiscouragingashowmanytimesanywritermustgobacktothedrawingboardforyetanotherdraft.Toreallyreadyanovelforpublication,awritermustspendtimewithhisorherbook.Likeanypromisingrelationship,you,thewriter,mustdateyournovel,takeitouttodinner,meetitsparents,andseeitthroughitsmosttryinganddesperatetimes.Asawriter,youhavetostayupallnightwithyournovelcryingandtalkingandsometimesevenpullingyourhairoutbeforethatperfectmomentofinspirationcantrulyhelpyoucrossthefinishline.FormanypublishedauthorsIknow,myselfincluded,apletednoveltakesthemabout10,that’sright,10drafts,andatleastayearofrealediting.Willyoubespendingeverysinglesecondeditingyournovel?No,ofcoursenot.Justasdraftsneedsomerealtimeonthesurgerytable,theyalsoneedrestintherecoveryroom.Youdon’tnursearelationshipbyspendingeverywakingsecondwiththemuntilyoucan’tstandthesightofeachother,andyoucan’tproduceanovelbybreathingdownitsliteraryneck.However,anovelshouldundergomanydraftsanddifferentkindsofdrafts—beforedeclaringitreadyforanagentoreditortosee.Everyonehastheirownwaytowriteanovel,andnotallcraftadvice(orevencraft“rules”)shouldallbefollowedbyeveryone,butwhenitestothemanydraftsofanovel,therearespecificthingsawritershouldfocusonduringeachrevisiontohelpcreateasmoothtransitionfromtheinitialideatofinalproducts.56.Peoplearediscouragedfromwritinganovelmainlybecauseitrequires_____.A.agoodpublisherB.toomuchthinkingC.tonsofworkingtimeD.frequentrevisions57.Whatdowritersdointhecourseofcreatinganovel?A.Theyspendeveryminutewiththenovel.B.Theytreatthenovelasalover.C.Theygooutwithsomereadersfordinner.D.Theyhurtthemselvestostayawake.58.By“breathingdownitsliteraryneck”inParagraph2,theauthormostprobablymeans_____.A.writingcasuallythusfailingtotakereaders’breathawayB.lettinggoasinglemistakethusannoyingthereadersC.X-rayingtheworkthusfindingeachliterarymistakeD.stickingtooclosetotheworkthuscausinganxiety59.Whichofthefollowingismostlikelytoeafterthelastparagraph?A.Theimportanceofusingpropertransitionalwordsinwriting.B.Thewritingexperiencesharedbyfamoussuccessfulwrite.C.Tipsonhowtomaketendraftstopleteagoodnovel.D.Setbackswritersmaysufferifignoringthecraftadvice.【答案】56.D57.B58.D59.C【解析】本文為介紹說明文。寫小說要花很多時間，一部小說在出版前，需要進(jìn)行不斷的修改再修改?！?6題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的Butit’snotmuchthemindspaceortheconsiderabletimeittakestowriteanovelthatisasdiscouragingashowmanytimesanywritermustgobacktothedrawingboardforyetanotherdraft.（但是，寫一部小說所花費(fèi)的時間和精神空間并沒有多大的差別，因?yàn)槿魏我粋€作家要想再寫一篇小說，有多少次不得不回到草稿板上重新開始寫作，這就會讓人沮喪。）可知，人們不愿寫小說，主要是因?yàn)樗枰l繁的修改。故D選項(xiàng)正確?！?7題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的Likeanypromisingrelationship,you,thewriter,mustdateyournovel,takeitouttodinner,meetitsparents,andseeitthroughitsmosttryinganddesperatetimes.（就像任何一段有前途的戀情一樣，作為作家，你必須和你的小說約會，帶它出去吃晚飯，見它的父母，經(jīng)歷它最艱難和絕望的時刻。）可知，作家在創(chuàng)作小說的過程中會把自己的小說當(dāng)作情人一樣對待。故B選項(xiàng)正確?！?8題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的Youdon’tnursearelationshipbyspendingeverywakingsecondwiththemuntilyoucan’tstandthesightofeachother（你不會把醒著的每一秒鐘都花在他們身上，直到你無法忍受對方的存在）可推知，寫小說也是這樣，通過死死盯著的方式會讓人產(chǎn)生厭煩的情緒。故D選項(xiàng)正確?！?9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的therearespecificthingsawritershouldfocusonduringeachrevisiontohelpcreateasmoothtransitionfromtheinitialideatofinalproducts.（在每次修改的過程中，作者都應(yīng)該關(guān)注一些具體的事情，以幫助創(chuàng)建從最初想法到最終產(chǎn)品的平穩(wěn)過渡。）可推知，接下來極可能會談?wù)撘恍╆P(guān)于如何通過打草稿來完成一部好小說的建議。故C選項(xiàng)正確。(B)TopSixMostChallengedBooksin2017OfficeforIntellectualFreedom(OIF)intheStatestracked354challenges(formalattemptstoremoveorrestrictaccesstolibrarymaterialsandservices)tolibrary,school,anduniversitymaterialsandservicesin2017.Someindividualchallengesresultedinrequeststorestrictorremovemultipletitles.Overall,416booksweretargeted.Herearethe"TopSixMostChallengedBooksin2017”.1ThirteenReasonsWhyByJayAsherOriginallypublishedin2007.thisNewYorkTimesbestsellerhasresurfacedasadebatablebookafterNetflixairedaTVseriesbythesamename.Thisyoungadultnovelwaschallengedandbannedinmultipleschooldistricts,foritdiscussesself-killing.4GEORGEByAlexGinoWrittenforelementary-agechildren,thisLambdaLiteraryAwardwinnerwaschallengedandbannedbecauseitincludesatransgenderchild.2DramaWrittenandillustratedByRainaTelgemeierThisStonewallHonorAward-winning,2012graphicnovelfromamuch-admiredcartoonistwaschallengedandbannedinschoollibrariesbecauseitincludesconfusedsexualorientationcharactersandwasconsidered"confusing.”5ToKillaMockingbirdByHarperLeeThisPulitzerPrize-winningnovel,consideredanAmericaclassical,waschallengedandbannedbecauseofviolenceanditsuseoftheN-wordtoinsultblackpeople.3TheKiteRunnerByKhaledHosseiniThismultigenerationalnovelpraisedbymanycriticswaschallengedandbannedbecauseitincludessexualviolenceandwasthoughtto"leadto'terrorism"and"promoteIsIam.”6TheHateUGiveByAngieThomasDespitewinningmultipleawardsandbeingthemostsearched-forbookonGoodreadsduringitsdebut(首秀)year,thisyoungadultnovelwaschallengedandbannedinschoollibrariesandcurricularbecauseofdruguseandoffensivelanguage.60.Thesesixmostchallengedbooksareall________A.prizewinnersorwellreceivedbythepublicB.writtenforcuriousyoungadultsinschoolsC.bannedandchallengedinnationwidelibrariesD.involvedwithviolenceandaggressivelanguage61.Whichofthefollowingwouldberemovedfromschoollibrariestoavoidmisleadingkidsintoracialism?A.TheHateUGiveB.ToKillaMockingbirdC.TheKiteRunnerD.ThirteenReasonsWay62.ItcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethatintheStates_______A.OIFisresponsibleforthechallengesreportedfromlocalschoolsanduniversitiesB.thegovernmentischallengedbyintellectualfreedominpublicmaterialsandservicesC.issueslikementalillness,druguseandsexeducationreallyconcernthegovernmentD.bestsellersandprizewinnersareoftenquestionedandrejectedbythepublic【答案】60.A61.B62.C【解析】【分析】本文為介紹說明文。美國知識自由辦公室(OIF)對2017年圖書館、和大學(xué)材料和服務(wù)的354項(xiàng)挑戰(zhàn)進(jìn)行了跟蹤調(diào)查，推選出“2017年最具挑戰(zhàn)性的六本書”?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章中對“2017年最具挑戰(zhàn)性的六本書”的介紹可知，這六本書都是獲獎或深受市民歡迎的書籍。故A選項(xiàng)正確。【61題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第5部分ToKillaMockingbirdByHarperLee中的waschallengedandbannedbecauseofviolenceanditsuseoftheN-wordtoinsultblackpeople.（因?yàn)楸┝褪褂煤诠硪辉~侮辱黑人而受到挑戰(zhàn)和禁止）可知，為避免誤導(dǎo)孩子們接受種族歧視，ToKillaMockingbird將會從圖書館中移除。故B選項(xiàng)正確?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章中對“2017年最具挑戰(zhàn)性的六本書”遭到禁止的原因描述可知，這些書被禁止是因?yàn)楹凶詺?、性別定向、性暴力、毒品、種族歧視等內(nèi)容，由此可知，美國政府關(guān)注精神疾病、吸毒和性教育等問題。故C選項(xiàng)正確。【點(diǎn)睛】閱讀理解所設(shè)試題主要考察細(xì)節(jié)查找，做題關(guān)鍵是找出原文的根據(jù)，認(rèn)真核查題干和原文的異同，常犯錯誤有：絕對化語言，范圍擴(kuò)大或縮小，以偏概全，張冠李戴等?？忌紫纫獮g覽短文后的小題題干，標(biāo)出關(guān)鍵詞（組），帶著問題去閱讀，能夠做到心中有數(shù)，目的明確；然后再仔細(xì)閱讀短文，完整了解信息，準(zhǔn)確把握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并在標(biāo)出能得出答案的有效信息。如第1小題Thesesixmostchallengedbooksareall______，要求讀者判定這六本書的共同點(diǎn)是什么。根據(jù)文章中對“2017年最具挑戰(zhàn)性的六本書”的介紹ThirteenReasonsWhyByJayAsher部分中的Originallypublishedin2007,thisNewYorkTimesbestseller…；DramaWrittenandillustratedByRainaTelgemeier部分中的ThisStonewallHonorAward-winning,2012graphicnovelfromamuch-admiredcartoonist…；TheKiteRunnerByKhaledHosseini部分中的Thismultigenerationalnovelpraisedbymanycritics…;GEORGEByAlexGino部分中的thisLambdaLiteraryAwardwinnerwaschallenged…；ToKillaMockingbirdByHarperLee部分中的ThisPulitzerPrize-winningnovel；TheHateUGiveByAngieThomas部分中的Despitewinningmultipleawardsandbeingthemostsearched-forbookonGoodreadsduringitsdebut(首秀)year,可知，這六本書都是獲獎或深受市民歡迎的書籍。做閱讀理解題時，一定要細(xì)心，這樣才能準(zhǔn)確找到正確答案。(C)Theterm‘darktourism’isfarnewerthanthepractice,whichlongpredatesPompeii'semergenceasadarkattraction.DrPhilipStone,perhapstheworld'sleadingacademicexpertondarktourism,considerstheRomanColosseumtobeoneoffirstdarktouristsites,wherepeopletravelledlongdistancestowatchdeathassport.Later,untilthelate18"century,theappealwascruelerstillincentralLondon,wherepeoplepaidmoneytositingrandstandstowatchmasshangings.Dealerswouldsellpiesatthesite,whichwasroughlywhereMarbleArchstandstoday.Itwasonlyin1996that‘darktourism'enteredthescholarlyvocabularywhentwoacademicsinGlasgowapplieditwhilelookingatsitesassociatedwiththemurderofJohnF.Kennedy.Thosewhostudydarktourismidentifyplentyofreasonsforthegrowingphenomenon,includingraisedawarenessofitasanidentifiablething.Accesstositeshasalsoimprovedwiththearrivalofcheapairtravel.It'shardtoimaginethattheAuschwitz-BirkenaumemorialandmuseumwouldnowwelemarethantwomillionvisitorsayearwereitnotforitsnearnesstoKrakow'sinternationalairport.PeterHohenhaus,awidelytravelleddarktouristbasedinVienna,alsopointstothebroaderriseinoff-the-beatentracktourism,beyondtheterritoryofpopularguidebooksandTripAdvisorrankings.‘Alotofpeopledon'twantmainstreamtourismandthatoftenmeansengagingwithplacesthathaveamorerecenthistorythan,say,aRomanruin."hesays."YougotoSarajevoandmostpeoplerememberthewarbeinginthenewssoiffeelsclosertoone’sowebiography(傳記)”Hohenhausisalsoafanof‘beautyindecay’,thecontemporaryculturalmovementinwhichurbanruinshavebeesubjectmatterforexpensivecoffee-tablebooksandathousandlnstagram(照片墻)accounts.Thecrossoverwithdeathisclear.“Ihavealwaysbeendrawntoruine