英語2015年一?？?解析

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SectionⅠUseofReadthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Whenacountryisunder-populated, ersarenotcompetitors,butassistants.Ifmorecometheymayproducenotonlynewquotas,buta1aswell.Insuchastateofthingsland2andcheap.Thepossessionofit3nopowerorprivilege.Noonewillworkforanotherforwages4hecantakeupnewlandandbehisownmaster.Henceitwillpaynoonetoownmorelandthanhecan5byhisownlabor,orwithsuchaidashisownfamily6.Hence,again,land7littleornorent;therewillbenolandlordslivingonrentandnolaborersliving8,butonlyamiddleclassofyeomanfarmers(自耕農(nóng)).Allare9onanequality,and esthepoliticalform,becausethisistheonlystateofsocietyinwhichequality,onwhichdemocracyis10,isrealizedasafact.Thesameeffectsarepowerfully11byotherfacts.Inanewandunder-populatedcountrytheindustrieswhicharemostprofitablearetheextractiveindustries.The12ofthese,withtheexceptionofsomekindsofmining,isthattheycall13onlyaloworganizationoflaborandsmallamountofcapital.Hencetheyallowtheworkmanto e14hisownmaster,andtheyeducatehimtodom,independence,andself15.Atthesametime,thesocialgroupsbeingonly16markedofffromeachother,itiseasyto17fromoneclassofoccupations,andconsequentlyfromonesocialgrade,toanother.Finally,underthesamecircumstances,education,skill,andsuperiortraininghavebutinferiorvaluecomparedwithwhattheyhavein18populatedcountries.The19lieinanunder-populatedcountry,withthe20,unskilled,manualoccupations,andnotwiththehighestdevelopmentsofscience,liture,andart. [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B]potentially [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D]19.[A][B]disadvantages[C][D]20.[A][B] [C][D]SectionⅡReadingPartAReadthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,C,D.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40TextManyparentscominthattheirteenagechildrenarerebelling.Theygreettheirchildren’steenagewithneedlessdread.Whileteenagersmayassaultuswithheavy-metalmusic,wearstrangeclothes,havestrangehairstyles,andspendalltheirtimedatingormeetingfriends,suchbehaviorscarcelyaddsuptofull-scalerevolt.Takeagoodlookatthepresentrebellion.Itseemsthatteenagersarealltakingthesamewayofshowingthattheydisagreewiththeirparents.Insteadofstrikingoutboldlyontheirwings,mostofthemareclutchingatoneanother’shandsforreassurance.Theirreasonforthinkingoractinginthus-and-suchawayisthatthecrowdisngit.Ithas eharderandharderforateenagertostandupagainstthepopularitywaveandtogohisorherownway.Theyhavecomeoutoftheircocoon—intoalargercocoon.Teenagerebellion,accordingtopsychologistLaurenceSteinberg,coauthorofYouandYourAdolescent,hasbeengreatlyoverstated.Manyotherpsychologistsagree.Theideathatteenagersinevitablyrebelisamyththathasthepotentialforgreatfamilyharm.Thisnotioncandamagecommunicationduringthiscriticaltimeforparentstoinfluenceyoungsters.Stilladolescenceisoftenatryingtimeoftransitionforchildandparent.Teenagersneedtoestablishthemselvesasindividuals—intheirownmindsandintheeyesofothers.Thissearchisn’taboutrebellion:it’sabout inga ofone’sown."Teenagersoughttobegrowingawayfromtheirparentsandlearningtostandontheirowntwofeet,"saysSteinberg.Hereisonewayparentscanhelp:don’tstereotype."Parentswhoexpectteenagerebellionmayactuallystiritup,"saysKennethI.Howard,amemberofaresearchteamthatcollectedsurveydataonmorethan20,000teenagersovera28-yearperiod.Howardcautionsparentsnottoresorttosuppressionatthefirstsightofadolescentindependence,fearfulthatgivinginevenslightlynowmeansdrugscannotbefarbehind.Whenparentsoverreact,teenagersassertthemselvesmore,parentsclampdownharder,andafull-scaleblowupresults.Infact,psychologistssaythatthereisnoinevitablepatterntoteenagebehavior,andnosuchcreatureasatypicalteenager.Yourteenagerisnowlarger,stronger,olderandsmarterthanbefore,withanadditionalsupplyofhormoneragingthroughthebloodstream.Butheorsheisstillthesamehumanbeingyouhavelivedwithsincebirth.Givenachance,yoursonordaughterwillcontinuetobehaveinwaysyouhaveestablished.Accordingtothewriter,parents’fearfortheirchildren’steenage [B][C] [D]"Alargercocoon"asmentionedinparagraph2referstothesituation teenagersdisagreewiththeirteenagerswanttobeteenagerscannotescapefromthepopularityteenagersneedsupportfromtheirfellowOverstatingteenagerebellionwillleadtothefollowingconsequences.itcandoharmtotheitcandamageparents’itcanpreventteenagersfrombeingitcanimpairteenagers’abilitytomakecorrectAccordingtothepsychologists,itisbeneficialforparents show [B]use[C]clampdown [D]treatteenagersastheyusedThetextismeant advisetheparentshowtogetalongwiththeirdiscussteenagerebellionandwaystocopewithintroducepsychologists’ViewsonteenageclarifythemisconceptionaboutteenageNarrativecreptbackintoartthroughasidedoormarkedfashionphotography.InApril1967,FrenchVoguepublishedaspreadbyBobRichardson,theAmericanphotographer,thatsoonbecamealegend.Informallychristened"theGreektrip"byRichardson’sadmirers,thespreadfeaturedDonnaMitc,astrikingbrunetmodel,hangingoutontheAegeanislandofRhodeswithamalecompanion.Ofcourse,narrativeneverdisappeared—itjustwenttothemovies,andstayed,andstayed.Butwhathadcausedstoriestobeexiledfromhighart?Theideaofessence,andtheequationofessencewithgoodness.Canyouimagine?Visualartisessentiallycomposedofform,color,materials.Anythingtodowithcontentisextraneousandthereforetobeassociatedwithbadness;thereforetobeeliminated.Moreover,content,saysthislineofthought,iscontrolling.ThismeansthataroseistheVirginMary(dependingonwhatthemeaningof"is"is).Andart,likesociety,mustbeliberatedfromsuchhierarchicallyimposedvalues.Whatthisargumentoverlooked,ofcourse,isthatnarrativeisaforminitself,notjustavehicleforcontent.Indeed,theideologyofformalismoriginated,inSovietRussia,withtheysisofoldfolktales.Narrativeform,theysiswent,typicallyproceedsfromaninitialstateofequilibriumthroughaseriesofdestabilizingepisodes,concludingwithaheightenedstateofequilibriumattheend.ThinknaJones.Youcanplugwhatevercontentyouwantinthereaslongasitcreatestheform.episodesimplyhastodowiththeworkofcreatingAnarrativedoesnot,inotherwords,lastory.Astoryistoldtogivelistenersthepleasureofthenarrativeform.Ifyouweretoisolatetheformofdisequilibriumfromthespecificsofplot,youmightarriveatsomethingresemblingthecollectedworkofCindySherman.Initiallymodeledaftermoviestills,Sherman’spicturesarenot,ofcourse, .Overtheyears,infact,theircontenthas eincreasinglyelaborate.Iseethisasaformofgenerosityaswellasasignofadvancedtechnicalskills.NotsinceGiuseppeArcimboldo(1527-1593),perhaps,hasancontrivedtoturnthehumanfigureintoamorebountifulcornucopiafortheeye.YeteventhemostvisuallysplendidofSherman’simagesareminimalist,inthattheythenarrativedowntotheprecisemomentwhenthecenterofgravityshifts.Perhapssomeunheardwordisspoken.Afloorboardsqueaks.Fromupstairscomesathump.Andatentativestateofequilibriumgiveswaytoanxietyordread.Thatmoment,too,representsessence.Whatmoredoyouneedtoknow?Accordingtotheauthor,"narrative"isto"story" "picture"isto"movie"goodness"isto"form"isto"color"isto"visualPeoplewhosupporttheideaofessencemostprobablyagree narrativeisonlyavehicleforartdevelopswithitsownVirginMarycanbemetaphorizedasacontentshouldbeeliminatedforitsnarrativeTheauthor’sattitudetowardstheideaofessence [B][C] [D]Accordingtothepassage,Shermanis afilm [B]afashion[C]amovie [D]aprominentWecanlearnfromthelastparagraph asuccessfulfilmshouldconsistofpreciseatentativestateofequilibriumissuperiortoanxietyorareductionisnecessarytomakethenarrativeapropermomentisenoughtoachievenarrativeTextHowefficientisoursystemofcriminaltrial?Doesitreallydothebasicjobweaskofit—convictingtheguiltyandacquittingtheinnocent?ItisoftensaidthattheBritishtrailsystemismorelikeagamethanaseriousattempttodojustice.ThelawyersoneachsideareSoengrossedinyinghardtowin,challengingeachotherandthejudgeontechnicalpoints,thattheobjectoffindingoutthetruthisalmostforgotten.Alltheeffortisconcentratedonthebigday,onthedramaticcrossexaminationofthekeywitnessesinfrontofthejury.Criticsliketocompareour"adversarial"system(resemblingtwoadversariesengagedinacontest)withthecontinental"inquisitorial"system,underwhichthejudgeysamoreimportantinquiringrole.Inearlytimes,intheMiddleAges,thesystemsoftrialacrossEuropeweresimilar.Atthattimetrialby"ordeal"—especiallyareligiousevent—wasthemainwayoftestingguiltorinnocence.Whenthiswayeventuallyabandonedthetwosystemsparted .Onthecontinentchurch-trainedlegalofficialstookoverthefunctionofbothprosecutingandjudging,whileinEnglandthesewerelargelylefttolaypeople,theJusticeofthePeaceandthismeantthatalltheevidencehadtobeputtothemorally.Thishistoricalaccidentdominatesprocedureeventoday,withallevidencebeinggiveninopencourtbywordofmouthonthecrucialday.Ontheotherhand,inFranceforinstance,alltheevidenceiswrittenbeforethetrialundersupervisionbyaninvestigatingjudge.Thisexhaustivepretriallooksveryundramatic;muchofitisjustapubliccheckingofthewrittenrecordsalreadygathered.TheAmericansadoptedtheBritishsystemlock,stockandbarrelandenshrineditintheirconstitution.But,whilethebasicfeaturesofoursystemsarecommon,therearenowsignificantdifferencesinthewayseriouscasesarehandled.First,becausetheU.S.A.hasvirtuallynocontemptofcourtlawstopreventpretrialpublicityinthenewspaperandonevision,Americanslawyersareallowedtoquestionjurorsaboutknowledgeandbeliefs.InBritainthisisvirtuallyneverallowed,andarandomselectionofjurorswhoarepresumednottobeprejudicedareempanelled.Secondly,thereisnoseparateprofessionofbarristerintheUnitedStates,andbothprosecutionanddefenselawyerswhoaretopresentcasesincourtpreparethemselves.Theygooutandvisitthescene,trackdownandinterviewwitnesses,andfamiliarize allywiththebackground.InBritainitisthesolicitorwhopreparesthecase,andthebarristerwhoappearsincourtisnotevenallowedtomeetwitnessbeforehand.Britishbarristersalsoalternate ngbothprosecutionanddefensework.Beingkeptdistantfromthepreparationandregularlyappearingforbothsides,barristersaresaidtoavoid ingtooallyinvolved,andcanapproachcasesmoredispassiona y.Americanlawyers,however,oftenknowtheircasesReformersrightlywanttolearnfromothercountries’mistakesandsuccesses.Butwhatisclearisthatjusticesystems,largelybecausetheyaretheresultoflonghistoricalgrowth,arepeculiarlydifficulttoadaptpiecemeal."Britishtrialsystemismorelikeagamethanaseriousattempttodojustice."Itimplies theBritishlegalsystemcandothebasicjobwell—convictingtheguiltyandacquittingtheinnocenttheBritishlegalsystemisworsethanthecontinentallegaltheBritishlegalsystemisoftenconsideredtobenotverytheBritishlegalsystemisveryWhichofthefollowingsentencesisNOTLawyersinBritainarepreparedtolieinordertowintheirWhentrialbyordealwasfinallyabandonedthroughoutEurope,trialbyjurywasintroducedinBritain.Intheadversarialsystem,itisthelawyerswhoytheleadingOralevidencewasunnecessaryinFrancebecausethejudgesandprosecutorscouldInBritain, dothesameasAmericannewspapersarenotinterestedinpublishingdetailsaboutthetrialbeforeittakesarenotallowedtopublishdetailsaboutthetrialbeforeittakesareallowedtopublishdetailsaboutthetrialbeforeittakesWecaninferthatAmericanlawyers [A]donotattempttofamiliarizethemselveswithcases[B]tendtobemorepassionayinvolvedintheircases[C]preparethecasesthemselves[D]tendtoapproachcases The questionswhetherthesystemoftrialbyjurycaneverbecompleysuggestsanumberofreformswhichshouldbemadetothelegalsystemofdescribeshowtheBritishlegalsystemworksandcomparesitfavourablywithothercomparesthelegalsystemsofanumberofcountriesanddiscussestheiradvantagesandAnofficialreport,addressingconcernsaboutthemanyimplicationsofgenetictesting,outlinedguidelinesandlegislative mendationsintendedtoavoidinvoluntaryand/orineffectivetesting,andtoprotectity.Thereportidentifiedurgentconcerns,suchasqualitycontrolmeasures(includingfederaloversightfortestinglaboratories)andbettergeneticstrainingformedicalpractitioners.It mendedvoluntaryscreening,urgedcouplesinhigh-riskpopulationstoconsidercarrierscreening,andadvisedcautioninusingandinterpretingpre-symptomaticorpredictivetests,becausecertaininformationcouldeasilybemisusedorAboutthreeinevery100childrenarebornwithaseveredisorderpresumedtobegeneticorpartiallygeneticinorigin.Genes,ofteninconcertwithenvironmentalfactors,arebeinglinkedtothecausesofmanycommonadultdiseasessuchasheartdisease,hypertension(highbloodpressure),variouscancers,Alzheimer’sdisease,etc.Teststodeterminepredispositiontoavarietyofconditionsareunderstudy,andsomearebeginningtobeapplied.Thereport mendedthatallscreening,includingscreeningofnewborns,bevoluntary.Citingtheresultsoftwodifferentvoluntarynewbornscreeningprograms,thereportsaidtheseprogramscanachievecomplianceratesequaltoorbetterthanthoseofobligatoryprograms;Statehealthdepartmentscouldeventuallyrequiretheofferingoftestsfordiagnosingtreatableconditionsinnewborns,however,carefulpilotstudiesforconditionsdiagnosableatbirthneedtobedonefirst.Althoughthereportassertedthatitwouldpreferthatallscreeningbevoluntary,itdidnotethatifastaterequiresnewbornscreeningforaparticularcondition,thestateshoulddosoonlyifthereisstrongevidencethatanewbornwouldbenefitfromeffectivetreatmentattheearliestpossibleage.Newbornscreeningisthemostcommontypeofgeneticscreeningtoday.Morethanfourmillionnewbornsaretestedannuallysothateffectivetreatmentcanbestartedinafewhundredinfants.Prenatal(precedingbirth)testingcanposethemostdifficultissues.Theabilitytodiagnosegeneticdisordersinthefetus()farexceedsanyabilitytotreatorcurethem.Parentsmustbefullyinformedaboutrisksandbenefitsoftestingprocedures,thenatureandvariabilityofthedisorderstheywoulddisclose,andtheoptionsavailableiftestresultsarepositive.Obtaininginformedconsent—aprocessthatwouldincludeeducatingparticipants,notjustprocessings—wouldenhancevoluntaryparticipation.Whenofferedtesting,parentsshouldreceivecomprehensivecounseling,whichshouldbenondirective.Relevantmedicaladvice,however,is mendedfortreatableorpreventableconditions.Geneticsalsocanpredictwhethercertaindiseasesmightdeveloplaterinlife.Forsingle-genediseases,populationscreeningshouldonlybeconsideredfortreatableorpreventableconditionsofrelativelyhighfrequency.Childrenshouldbetestedonlyfordisordersforwhicheffectivetreatmentsorpreventivemeasurescouldbeappliedearlyinlife.Thereportaims offeradetaileddescriptionofgenetictestingstresstheneedforcautionintheuseofnewborninterpretthesignificanceofgenetictestingtothestatethechiefpointsoftheguidelinesongeneticGreatcareshouldbegiventotheemploymentofinformation predictivepilotThephrase"inconcertwith"(Line2,Para.2)maybebestreced incontrastonaccountwithrelation Oneintentionoftheguidelineswas preserveprivacyingeneticendorsetheexpansionofscreeningAccordingtothereport,statesshouldimplementobligatoryinfantscreening.ifthecompliancerateforvoluntaryscreeningisformotherswhoareathighriskforgeneticafterverycarefulresearchistoavoidtheabuseofsensitivePartBThefollowingisatextaboutgoodrulestokeepinmindwhenencounteringhazards.Intheparagraphswithnumbers,thesupportingdetails,dataorfactshavebeenomittedandarelistedfollowingthetextinrandomorder.Matcheachofthedetailswiththestatementitsupports.(10C.P.Snowoncesaid:"Asenseofthefutureisbehindallgoodpolicies.Unlesswehaveit,wecangivenothingeitherwiseordecenttotheworld."Thinkingcarefullyaboutan eisaninligentfirststepinmanyprocesses,especiallywhenthestakesarehigh,possiblyevendangerous.Doyouhaveanyexperienceingettingoutofhazardoussituations?Inthemostexceptionalcircumstances,afewgoodrulesofthumbmaysaveyou.Herearefivethingstokeepinmind.StayIfacatastrophethreatensyourlife,panicwillonlymakemattersworse.Nothingbutcalmnesscanhelpyouadequaytakestockofthesituationandtakeappropriatemeasures.RemainDesperationcanparalyzeyouorsapyourenergy,whileconfidenceisthekeytosavingHelpeachYoushouldorganizeformutualassistanceincaseofanearthquake,flood,fire,etc.Peopleworkingtogethercanalwayscopemoresuccessfullywithanyadversesituation.Solidaritymeansstrength;solidaritymeansvictory.BeobedienttoThebeststrategywhenfacingacatastropheistoobeycommandsandkeeporder.Moreoftenthannot,leadersareexperts,orsomeonefamiliarwiththesituationorwithrichexperience.Beingtooindividualisticandgoingyourownwaywillusuallymakethesituationworseforyouandothers.So,thebestthingtodoistolistento andremainorderly.Whenindangeritisbesttoseekhelpimmediaysothosewithmoreresourcescancometoyouraid.Ifyouareatrisk,usewhatevermeansavailableassoonaspossibletocontactothersforhelp,andtakeeffortstomaintaincommunicationonceitisestablished.Whileeverycatastropheisdifferentinitsownway,allcanbemetandhopefully withtheabove-mentionedpiecesofadvice.Bycarefullyconsideringwhatneedstobedone,evenundertheworstofsituations,onecanfindsolutions,orendureuntilaidedbyothers. trappedinruinsinanearthquake,didn’tlosehope.Thevictimovercamehispainanddespair,andkeptbangingoutsignalsonthefallenwallaroundhimforhelp.Becauseofhisefforts,arescueteamwasabletofindhimandsavehislife.Forexample,ifnumerouspeopleareinvolvedinadangeroussituation,some,outoffearorinclination,maynotfollowdirectionorheedsoundadvice.Asaresultofthedisorder,rescueeffortsarehindered,orworsemorecasualtiesareincurred.NinefishermenfromPeruwerehitbyaseverestorm,buttheydidn’tpaniceventhoughtheirboatwasdamagedsobadlythattheycouldn’tsailhome.Theymaintainedfaiththattheywouldsurelytobesaved,andtheirbeliefgavethemstrength.Whenthereishope,thereisaway!Theysurvivedatseafor40daysbeforetheywerefinallyrescued.Theirstoryisagoodsampleforfuturepeoplelostatsea.Itisbesttoremembertheproverb:Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.Historyshowsthatwhenpeopleareindangermutualassistancepromotesconfidence,andreassuringothersnotonlyhelpsthem,butcancalmyouaswell.Helothersisbeneficial,especiallyinthedirestcircumstances.DuringtheSept.11attacksinAmerica,peoplepulledtogetherandsupportedeachother.Thisnotonlyreducedcasualties,butalsoleftadeepimpressiononpeoplearoundworld.Remember,helothersishelyourself!TheApollo13spacemissionsufferedcatastrophicmechanicalproblemsenroutetotheMoon.ItsmalfunctionwascausedbyanexplosionandruptureofoxygenNo.2intheservicemodule.TheNASAMissionControlCenterimmediayissuedtwoorders.Thesecondorderwasconcerningnavigation.But,canyouguesswhatthefirstorderwas?Unbelievably,theastronautsweretoldtotaketwotranquillizerpillseach!Asaresult,calmnesshelpedtheastronauts aseriesofdifficultiesandreturntoearth.Calmnesscanworkmiraclesintimesofemergency.Thebestwaytopreventacatastrophefromhappeningisnningahead.Youshouldoftencheckyourcircuits,stoves,electricalappliancesandgaspipelines.Beforesleeinaho,youshouldbeawareofthenearestexitincaseofanemergency."Preparationavertsperil."PartCReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoYourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10Exactlywherewewillstandinthelongwaragainstdiseasebytheyear2050isimpossibletosay.(46)Butifdevelopmentsinresearchmaintaintheircurrentpace,itseemslikelythatacombinationofimprovedattentiontodietaryandenvironmentalfactors,alongwithadvancesingenetherapyandproteintargeteddrugs,willhavevirtuallyeliminatedmostmajorclassesofFromaneconomicstandpoint,thebestnewsmaybethatthese plishmentscouldbepaniedbyadropinhealth-carecosts.(47)Costsmayevenfallasdiseasesareundercontrolusingpinpointed,shorttermtherapiesnowbeingdeveloped.By2050therewillbefewerhospitals,andsurgicalprocedureswillbelargelyrestrictedtothetreatmentofaccidentsandotherformsoftrauma.Spendingonnonacutecare,bothinnursingfacilitiesandinhomes,willalsofallsharplyasmoreelderlypeopleleadhealthylivesuntilclosetodeath.Oneresultofmedicine’ssuccessincontrollingdiseasewillbeadramaticincreaseinlifeexpectancy.(48)Theextentofthatincreaseisahighlyspeculativematter,butitisworthnotingthatmedicalsciencehasalreadyhelpedtomaketheveryold(currentlydefinedasthoseover85yearsofage)thefastestgrowingsegmentofthepopulation.Between1960and1995,theU.S.populationasawholeincreasedbyabout45%,whilethesegmentover85yearsofagegrewbyalmost300%.(49)Therehasbeenasimilarexplosioninthepopulationofcentenarians,withtheresultthatsurvivaltotheageof100isnolongerthenewsworthyfeatthatitwasonlyafewdecadesago.U.S.CensusBureauprojectionsalreadyforecastdramaticincreaseinthenumberofcentenariansinthenext50years:4millionin2050,comparedwith37,000in1990.(50)AlthoughCensusBureaucalculationsprojectanincreaseinaveragelifespanofonlyeightyearsbytheyear2050，someexpertsbelievethatthehumanlifespanshouldnotbegintoencounteranytheoreticalnaturallimitsbefore120years.Withcontinuingadvancesinmolecularmedicineandagrowingunderstandingoftheagingprocess,thatlimitcouldriseto130yearsorSectionⅢYourecentlyboughtanitemofclothinginanothertown,butfoundsomeproblemswithitafteryoureturnedhome.Writealettertothemanagerandsay·whatyouwouldlikethemtoWriteyourletterinnolessthan100words.WriteitneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter;use"LiMing"instead.Donotwritetheaddress.(10PartTherehasbeenadiscussionrecentlyontheissueofchallengeinanewspaper.Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshoulddescribethepictureexintheintendedmeaning,giveaspecificexample,and3)giveyoursuggestionastothebestwaytotreatchallenge.YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20SectionⅠUseof1.A2. 3. 4. 5.A6. 7. 8.A9. 10.11. 12. 13. 14.A15. 9.20.SectionⅡReading21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 9.30.31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 0.Part41.E42.C43.D44.B45.Part認(rèn)為，人類的預(yù)期可以達(dá)到120歲，而不會(huì)受到任何理論上的自然限制。SectionⅢ（略〔文章大意

SectionⅠUseof〔試題解析[A]詞語辨析題。surplus意為“剩余，盈余”，例如：Everycountryhasapoolofsurpluswerestillonthetable.[D]remainder意為“殘余物，余數(shù)”，例如：Theyatemostofthefoodand[C]邏輯關(guān)系題。abundant意為“充足的”。根據(jù)上下文可知，在人口不足的國(guó)家里，cheap相呼應(yīng)，故選項(xiàng)[C]abundant符合題意。[A]scarce意為“稀少的”，指有用而不夠的事物；[B]scare意為“受驚嚇”，例如：bescaredof;[D]extractive[C]形近詞辨析題。confer意為“頒布，授予”，常與on連用，例如：Thehonorwasconferredonhimjustafterthewar.根據(jù)原句意思，擁有土地并不能授予土地的主力和特sheagreedwithme,Iinferredfromherexpressionthatshewasreluctant.[B]defer(to)意為“延onimportantdecision.[D]refer(to)意為“談到，涉及，參考”，例如：Thenewsalaryscaleonly managersanddirectors.全句可譯為：擁有土地并不意味著擁有權(quán)力和。題意。[Abut表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系；[C]while意為“當(dāng)…時(shí)候”，有轉(zhuǎn)折、對(duì)比、遞進(jìn)的意義，但無條件的意義；[D]so意為“因此”，表示結(jié)果。cultivate符合題意。[B]culminate(in)意為“達(dá)到最高點(diǎn)，最后終于變成”，例如：Theirmanyyearsofresearchhavefinallyculminatedinacureforthedisease.[C]calculate意為“計(jì)算”，例如：Thecostofthedamagehasbeencalculatedas/atover$2million.D]conceive（of/that/how）意為“想象”，例如：Ican’tconceivehowanyonecouldbehavesocruelly.[B]thewayinwhichitdeploysitsresources.[C]imply意為“暗示”。全句可譯為：一個(gè)人土地astrongresemblancetoitsgrandmother.(2)Hehadbornetheburdenofguiltformanyyears.上文已經(jīng)提到，土地很廉價(jià)，擁有土地并不意味著被賦予(confer)了權(quán)力和，此處又說到Hence，againland littleornorent，所以此處所選的詞必定為confer的同義詞，故選項(xiàng)[C]bears正確。[A]foster意為“養(yǎng)育，培養(yǎng)”，例如：Sheistryingtofosteraninterestinclassicalmusicinherdaughter.[B]promote意為“促進(jìn)，增長(zhǎng)”；[D]contribute(to)意為“捐助；有貢獻(xiàn)；有助于”，例如：Aproperamountofexercisecontributestogoodhealth.全句可譯為：土地能獲得的很少，或幾乎不能獲得。例如：Theminer’swageisusuallyveryhigh.根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，開發(fā)土地的是體力勞動(dòng)者，他們的應(yīng)為選項(xiàng)[A]wages（工錢。[B]salary意為“工資”，是技術(shù)性較強(qiáng)的職業(yè)或腦力勞動(dòng)所得的固定，例如：Hismonthlysalaryismerelysufficienttosupporthisfamily.[C]whoeverfinishesfirst.[D]award意為“獎(jiǎng)金/獎(jiǎng)狀/獎(jiǎng)?wù)碌泉?jiǎng)品”，通常為正式?jīng)Q定頒給的東西，通常是，例如：WhodoyouthinkshouldwintheAcademyAwardforBestDirectorthisyear?全句可譯為：因此，社會(huì)中也就沒有靠為生的或靠工錢過活的雇農(nóng)，而只有屬于中產(chǎn)的自耕農(nóng)。fittings,butthetwocarsaresubstantiallythesame.（這款車有一些特別的配置，但這兩輛車在正確。[Aintentionally意為“故意地”；[B]potentially意為“潛在地”；[D]consistently意為“一貫地，始終一致地”，例如：Theoccasionalmistakedoesn’tmatter,butifyougetitconsistentlywrongyou’reintrouble.[B]語義搭配題。bebasedon意為“建立在…基礎(chǔ)上”，根據(jù)文義，是以為基礎(chǔ)的，故選項(xiàng)[B]based正確。[A]fertilize意為“施肥”；[C]draw(on)意為“穿戴；催促；（時(shí)間）迫近，依賴等”，例如：Fomtimetotime，weendtodrawonhisknowlege.[]guaranee意為“保證，擔(dān)保”，例如：Europenirlinerguaaneestopqualysevieortscusomers.全句可譯為：全體社會(huì)成員間的關(guān)系是充分的，成為了政治形式。因了而是。reformswasthattheyreinddifferencebetweentheeastandwestofthecountry.（ dom，independence等，這是對(duì)的進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)化，故選項(xiàng)[D]reind正確。其他選項(xiàng)：[A]influence意為“影響”，不夠準(zhǔn)[B]語義搭配題。characteristic指人或物的與其他人或物不同的持續(xù)的品質(zhì)，例如：Whatarethecharacteristicsofthepresentsituation?根據(jù)句意，下面所提及的是這種