2011年6月英語六級真題試卷

TheUnitedStatesoncehadthehighestgraduationrateofanynation.Nowitstands10th.ForthefirsttimeinAmericanhistory,thereistheriskthattherisinggenerationwillbelesswelleducatedthanthepreviousone.Thegraduationrateamong25-to34-year-oldsisnobetterthantherateforthe55-to64-year-oldswhoweregoingtocollegemorethan30yearsago.Studiesshowthatmoreandmorepoorandnon-whitestudentswanttograduatefromcollege–buttheirgraduationratesfallfarshortoftheirdreams.Thegraduationratesforblacks,Latinos,andNativeAmericanslagfarbehindthegraduationratesforwhitesandAsians.AstheminoritypopulationgrowsintheUnitedStates,lowcollegegraduationrateseathreattonationalprosperity.Theproblemispronouncedatpublicuniversities.In2007theUniversityofWisconsin-Madison–oneofthetopfiveorsoprestigiouspublicuniversities–graduated81%ofitswhitestudentswithinsixyears,butonly56%ofitsblacks.Atless-selectivestateschools,thenumbersgetworse.Duringthesametimeframe,theUniversityofNorthernIowagraduated67%ofitswhitestudents,butonly39%ofitsblacks.Communitycollegeshavelowgraduationratesgenerally–butrock-bottomratesforminorities.ArecentreviewofCaliforniacommunitycollegesfoundthatwhileathirdoftheAsianstudentspickeduptheirdegrees,only15%ofAfrican-Americansdidsoaswell.Privatecollegesanduniversitiesgenerallydobetter,partlybecausetheyoffersmallerclassesandmore alattention.Butwhenitcomestoasignificantgraduationgap,Bownhas .NearbyColbyCollegeloggedan18-pointdifferencebetweenwhiteandblackgraduatesin2007and25pointsin2006.MiddleburyCollegeinVermont,anothertopschool,hada19-pointgapin2007anda22-pointgapin2006.Themostselectiveprivateschools–Harvard,Yale,andPrinceton–showalmostnogapbetweenblackandwhitegraduationrates.Butthatmayhavemoretodowiththeirabilitytoselectthebeststudents.AccordingtodatagatheredbyHarvardLawSchoolprofessorLaniGuinier,themostselectiveschoolsaremorelikelytochooseblackswhohaveatleastoneimmigrantparentfromAfricaortheCaribbeanthanblackstudentswhoaredescendantsofAmerican"Highereducationhasbeenabletoduckthisissueforyears,particularlythemoreselectiveschools,bysayingtheresponsibilityisontheindividualstudent,"saysPenningtonoftheGatesFoundation."Iftheyfail,it'stheirfault."Somecriticsblameaffirmativeaction–studentsadmittedwithlowertestscoresandgradesfromshakyhighschoolsoftenstruggleateliteschools.Butabiggerproblemmaybethatpoorhighschoolsoftensendtheirstudentstocollegesforwhichtheyare"undermatched":theycouldgetintomoreelite,richerschools,butinsteadgotocommunitycollegesandlow-ratedstateschoolsthatlacktheresourcestohelpthem.Someschoolsoutforprofitcynicallyincreasetuitionsandcountonstudentloansandfederalaidtofootthebill–knowingfullwellthatthestudentswon'tmakeit."Theschoolkeepsthemoney,butthekidleaveswithloadsofdebtandnodegreeandnoabilitytogetabetterjob.Collegesarenotholdinguptheirend,"saysAmyWilkinsoftheEducationTrust.Acollegeeducationisgettingevermoreexpensive.Since1982tuitionshavebeenrisingatroughlytwicetherateofinflation.In2008thenetcostofattendingafour-yearpublicuniversity–afterfinancialaid–equaled28%ofmedian(中間的)familye,whileafour-yearprivateuniversitycost76%ofmedianfamily e.Moreandmorescholarshipsarebasedonmerit,notneed.Poorerstudentsarenotalwaysthebest-informedconsumers.Oftentheywindupdeeplyindebtorsimplyunabletopayafterayearortwoandmustdropout.Thereoncewasatimewhenuniversitiestookprideintheirdropoutrates.Professorswouldbegintheyearbysaying,"Looktotherightandlooktotheleft.Oneofyouisnotgoingtobeherebytheendoftheyear."ButsuchaDarwinianspiritisbeginningtogivewayasatleastafewcollegesfaceuptothegraduationgap.AttheUniversityofWisconsin-Madison,thegaphasbeenroughlyhalvedoverthelastthreeyears.Theuniversityhaspouredresourcesintopeercounselingtohelpstudentsfrominner-cityschoolsadjusttotherigor(嚴格要求)andfasterpaceofauniversityclassroom–andalsotohelpminority ethestereotypethattheyarelessqualified.Wisconsinhasa"laserlikefocus"onbuildingupstudentskillsinthefirstthreemonths,accordingtoviceprovost(教務長)DamonWilliams.Stateandfederalernmentscouldsharpenthatfocuseverywherebybroadlypublishingminoritygraduationrates.ForyearsprivatecollegessuchasPrincetonandMIThavehadsuccessbringingminoritiesontocampusinthesummerbeforefreshmanyeartogivethemsomepreparatorycourses.Thenewertrendistostartrecruitingpoorandnon-whitestudentsasearlyastheseventhgrade,usinginnovativetoolstoidentifykidswithsophisticatedverbalskills.Suchprogramscanbeexpensive,ofcourse,butcheapcomparedwiththemillionsalreadyinvestedinscholarshipsandgrantsforkidswhohavelittlechancetograduatewithoutspecialsupport.Witheffortandmoney,thegraduationgapcanbeclosed.WashingtonandLeeisasmall,selectiveschoolinLexington,Va.Itsstudentbodyislessthan5%blackandlessthan2%Latino.Whiletheschoolusuallygraduatedabout90%ofitswhites,thegraduationrateofitsblacksandLatinoshaddippedto63%by2007."Wewentthroughadramaticshift,"saysDawnWatkins,theviceforstudentaffairs.Theschoolaggressivelypushedmentoring(輔導)ofminoritiesbyotherstudentsand"partnering"withparentsataspecialpre-enrollmentsession.Theschoolhaditsfirst-everblack ing.Lastspringtheschoolgraduatedthesameproportionofminoritiesasitdidwhites.IftheUnitedStateswantstokeepupintheglobaleconomicrace,itwillhavetopaysystematicattentiontograduatingminorities,notjustenrollingthem.Whatistheauthor'smainconcernaboutAmericanhigherThesmallproportionofminorityThelowgraduationratesofminorityThe samongethnicThepooracademicperformanceofWhatwastheprideofBarryMillsofBownTheprestigeofitsliberalartsItsrankingamonguniversitiesinThehighgraduationratesofitsItsincreasedenrollmentofminorityWhatistheriskfacingItsschoolswillbeoverwhelmedbythegrowingnumberofillegalTherisinggenerationwillbelesswelleducatedthanthepreviousMorepoorandnon-whitestudentswillbedeniedaccesstoItisgoingtoloseitscompetitiveedgeinhigherHowmanyAfrican-AmericanstudentsearnedtheirdegreesinCaliforniacommunitycollegesaccordingtoarecentreview?Fifty-six C)FifteenThirty-nine D)Sixty-sevenHarvard,Yale,andPrincetonshowalmostnogapbetweenblackandwhitegraduationratesmainlybecause theirstudentswork C)theirclassesaregenerallytheyrecruitthebeststudents D)theygivestudentsmoreHowdoesAmyWilkinsoftheEducationTrustviewminoritystudents'failuretogetadegree?UniversitiesaretoStudentsdon'twork ernmentfailstoprovidethenecessaryAffirmativeactionshouldbeheldWhydosomestudentsdropoutafterayearortwoaccordingtotheTheyhavelostconfidenceinTheycannotaffordthehighTheycannotadapttotherigoroftheTheyfailtodevelopinterestintheirTotackletheproblemofgraduationgap,theUniversityofWisconsin-Madisonhelpsminoritystudentsgetoverthestereotypethat Foryears,privatecollegessuchasPrincetonandMIThaveprovidedminoritystudentswith duringthesummerbeforefreshmanyear.WashingtonandLeeUniversityiscitedasanexampletoshowthatthegapofgraduationratesbetweenwhitesandminoritiescan PartIII ListeningComprehension (35minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwasBoththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.A)ShewillgivehimthereceiptThemanshouldmakehisownShehasnotgottheman'scopiesThemanforgottomakethecopiesforA)ShephonedFredaboutthebook. C)SheranintoFredonherwayB)Shewaslateforthe D)SheoftenkeepsotherpeopleA)MarkisnotfittotakechargeoftheStudentMarkisthebestcandidateforthepostofItwon'tbeeasyforMarktowintheFemalesaremorecompetitivethanmalesinA)ItfailedtoarriveatitsdestinationinItgotseriouslydamagedontheItgotlostattheairportinItwasleftbehindinthehoA)JustmakeuseofwhateverinformationisPutmoreeffortintopreparingfortheFindmorerelevantinformationfortheirSimplyraisetheissueintheirA)ThemanhasdecidedtochooseLanguageStudiesashisThewomanisn'tinterestedinthepsychologyofThemanisstilltryingtosignupforthecourseheisinterestedThewomanisn'tqualifiedtotakethecoursethemanA)TheyarebothtoTheyarebotheasytoTheycanmanagetogetTheywillmakepeaceinA)TheyareindesperateneedoffinancialTheyhopetodomiracleswithlimitedTheywanttoborrowahugesumfromtheTheyntobuyouttheirbusinessQuestions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustA)WesimplycannothelpreactinginstinctivelythatWewishtohideourindifferencetotheirWederivesomehumoroussatisfactionfromtheirWethinkitservesthemrightforbeingmeantootherA)TheywanttoshowtheirgenuineTheyhavehad alTheydon'tknowhowtocopewiththeTheydon'twanttorevealtheirownA)Theythemselveswouldliketodoitbutdon'tdareIt'sanopportunityforrelievingtheirIt'sararechanceforthemtoseethebossloseTheyhaveseenthismanytimesinold 22.A)Toirritate C)TorelieveherB)Toteachthema D)ToshowherQuestions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustA)SmugglingdrugsintoHongKong. C)Stealingafellowpassenger'sB)Havingcommittedarmed D)BringingahandgunintoHongA)HesaidnotasinglewordduringtheentireHetookawayKumar'sbaggagewhilehewasHewastravellingonascholarshipfromDelhiHeisedofhavingslippedsomethinginKumar's25.A)Givehima C)CheckthepassengerB)FindAlfred D)SearchallsuspiciousSectionDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageQuestions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejust26.A)Theythinktravel eaTheythinktravelgivesthemtheirmoney'sTheyfindmanyofthebanksTheylacktheexpertisetomakecapitalLowertheirpricestoattractmoreIntroducetravelpackagesforyoungDesignprogramstargetedatretiredLaunchanewprogramofadventure28.A)Theroleoftravelagents. C)Thenumberoflast-minuteB)Thewaypeople D)ThepricesofpolarPassageQuestions29to31arebasedonthepassageyouhavejust29.A)TheoldstereotypesaboutmenandThechangingrolesyedbymenandThedivisionoflaborbetweenmenandThewidespreadprejudiceagainstOffermorecreativeandpracticalideasthanAskquestionsthatoftenleadtoSpeakloudlyenoughtoattractRaiseissuesonbehalfofToprovethatshecouldearnherlivingasaToshowthatwomenaremorehardworkingthanToshowthatwomenarecapable ngwhatmenToprovethatshewasreallyirritatedwithherPassageQuestions32to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejust32.A)CoveringmajoreventsofthedayintheReportingcriminaloffensesinHuntingnewsforthedailyWritingarticleson ItisamuchsafercethanitusedtoRapesrarelyoccurinthedowntownAssaultsoftenhappenonschoolIthasfewerviolentcrimesthanbigThereareawiderangeofTheyareveryTherehasbeenariseinsuchTheyhavearousedfearamongthe35.A)Writeaboutsomething C)OfferhelptocrimeB)Dosomeresearchonlocal D)WorkasanewspaperSectionDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.InAmerica,peoplearefacedwithmoreandmoredecisionseveryday,whetherit'spickingoneof31icecream(36)ordecidingwhetherandwhentogetmarried.Thatsoundslikeagreatthing.Butasarecentstudyhasshown,toomanychoicescanmakeus(37),unhappy–evenparalyzedwithThat's(38)truewhenitcomestotheworkce,saysBarrySchwartz,anauthorofsixbooksabouthuman(39).Studentsaregraduatingwitha(40)ofskillsandinterests,butoftenfindthemselves(41)whenitcomestochoosinganultimatecareergoal.Inastudy,Schwartzobserveddecision-makingamongcollegestudentsduringtheiryear.Basedonanswerstoquestionsregardingtheirjob-hunting(43)andcareerdecisions,hedividedthestudentsintotwogroups:"izers"whoconsidereverypossibleoption,and"satisficers"wholookuntiltheyfindanoptionthatisgoodYoumightexpectthatthestudents(44) .Butitturnsoutthat'snottrue.Schwartzfoundthatwhile izersendedupwithbetterpayingjobsthansatisficersonaverage,theyweren'tashappywiththeirdecision.Thereason(45) .Whenyoulookatpossibleoption,youtendtofocusmoreonwhatwasgivenupthanwhatwasgained.Aftersurveyingeveryoption,(46) PartIV ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth) SectionDirections:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorpletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.PleasewriteyouranswersonAnswerSheet2.Questions47to51arebasedonthefollowingHowgoodareyouatsaying"no"?Formany,it'ssurprisinglydifficult.Thisisespeciallytrueofeditors,whobynaturetendtobeeagerandengagedparticipantsineverythingtheydo.Considerthesescenarios:It'slateintheday.Thatfrontpackageyou'vebeenworkingonisnearlycomplete;onelasteditandit'sfinished.Entertheexecutiveeditor,whomakesasuggestionrequiringamore-than-modestrearrangementofthedesignandtheadditionofaninformationbox.Youwanttoscream:"No!It'sdone!"Whatdoyoudo?Thefirstruleofsayingnotothebossisdon'tsayno.Sheprobablyhassomethinginmindwhenshemakessuggestions,andit'suptoyoutofindoutwhat.Thesecondruleisdon'traisethestakesbychallengingherauthority.Thatissueisalreadydecided.Thethirdruleistobereadytociteoptionsandconsequences.Theboss'ssuggestionsmightbeappropriate,buttherearealwaysconsequences.Shemightnotknowaboutthepagesbackingupthatneedattention,oraboutthedesignerwhohadtogohomesick.lhershecanhavewhatshewants,butexintheconsequences.Understandwhatshe'strying plishandproposeanBthatwillmakeithappenwithoutdestroyingwhatyou'vedonesofar.Here'sanothercase.Yourleast-favoritereportersuggestsadumbstoryidea.Thisoneshouldbeeasy,butit'snot.Ifyousayno,evenpoliy,youriskinhibitingfurtherideas,notjustfromthatreporter,butfromotherswhoheardthatyouturneddowntheidea.ThisscenarioiscommoninnewsroomsthatlackasystematicwaytofilterstoryTwostepsarenecessary.First,youneedasystemforhowstoriesareproposedandreviewed.Reporterscantoleraterejectionoftheirideasiftheybelievetheyweregivenafairhearing.Yourgutreaction(本能反應)anddismissiverejection,evenofaworthlessidea,mightnotqualifyassystematicorfair.Second,thepeopleyouworkwithneedtonegotiatea"Whatif...?"agreementcovering"Whatifmyideaisturneddown?"Howarepeopleexpectedtoreact?Isthereanappealprocess?Cantheyrefinetheideaandresubmitit?Byanticipating"Whatif...?"situationsbeforetheyhappen,youcanreachunderstandingthatwillhelpeaseyououtofInsteadofdirectlysayingnotoyourboss,youshouldfindout Theauthor'ssecondwarningisthatweshouldavoidrunningagreaterrisk Onewayofrespondingtoyourboss'ssuggestionistoexinthe herandofferanalternativesolution.Toensurefairnesstoreporters,itisimportanttosetupasystemforstories Peoplewholearntoanticipate"Whatif...?"situationswillbeabletoreachunderstandingandavoid SectionDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageQuestions52to56arebasedonthefollowingAttheheartofthedebateoverillegalimmigrationliesonekeyquestion:areimmigrantsgoodorbadfortheeconomy?TheAmericanpublicoverwhelminglythinksthey'rebad.Yettheconsensusamongmosteconomistsisthatimmigration,bothlegalandillegal,providesasmallnetboosttotheeconomy.Immigrantsprovidecheaplabor,lowerthepricesofeverythingfromfarmproducetonewhomes,andleaveconsumerswithalittlemoremoneyintheirpockets.Sowhyistheresuchadiscrepancybetweentheperceptionofimmigrants'impactontheeconomyandthereality?Thereareanumberoffamiliartheories.Somearguethatpeopleareanxiousandfeelthreatenedbyaninflowofnewworkers.Othershighlightthestrainthatun immigrantsceonpublicservices,likeschools,hospitals,andjails.Stillothersemphasizetheroleofrace,arguingthatforeignersaddtothenation'sfearsandinsecurities.There'ssometruthtoalltheseexnations,buttheyaren'tquitesufficient.Togetabetterunderstandingofwhat'sgoingon,considerthewayimmigration'simpactisfelt.Thoughitsoveralleffectmaybepositive,itscostsandbenefitsaredistributedunevenly.DavidCard,aneconomistatUCBerkeley,notesthattheoneswhoprofitmostdirectlyfromimmigrants'low-costlaborarebusinessesandemployers–meatpackingntsinNebraska,forinstance,oragriculturalbusinessesinCalifornia.Granted,theseproducers'savingsprobablytranslateintolowerpricesatthegrocerystore,buthowmanyconsumersmakethatmentalconnectionatthecheckoutcounter?Asforthedrawbacksofillegalimmigration,these,too,areconcentrated.Nativelow-skilledworkerssuffermostfromthecompetitionofforeignlabor.AccordingtoastudybyGeorgeBorjas,aHarvardeconomist,immigrationreducedthewagesofAmericanhigh-schooldropoutsby9%between1980-2000.Amonghigh-skilled,better-educatedemployees,however,oppositionwasstrongestinstateswithbothhighnumbersofimmigrantsandrelativelygeneroussocialservicesWhatworriedthemmost,inotherwords,wasthefiscal(財政的)burdenofimmigration.Thatconclusionwasreindbyanotherfinding:thattheiroppositionappearedtosoftenwhenthatfiscalburdendecreased,asoccurredwithwelfarereforminthe1990s,whichcurbedimmigrants'accesstocertainbenefits.Theironyisthatforalltheoverexciteddebate,theneteffectofimmigrationisminimal.Evenforthosemostacuyaffected–say,low-skilledworkers,orCaliforniaresidents–theimpactisn'tallthatdramatic."Theunpleasantvoiceshavetendedtodominateourperceptions,"saysDanielTichenor,apoliticalscienceprofessorattheUniversityofOregon."Butwhenallthosefactorsareputtogetherandtheeconomistscalculatethenumbers,itendsupbeinganetpositive,butasmallone."Toobadmostpeopledon'trealizeit.WhatcanwelearnfromthefirstWhetherimmigrantsaregoodorbadfortheeconomyhasbeenpuzzlingTheAmericaneconomyusedtothriveonimmigrationbutnowit'sadifferentTheconsensusamongeconomistsisthatimmigrationshouldnotbeThegeneralpublicthinksdifferentlyfrommosteconomistsontheimpactofInwhatwaydoestheauthorthinkordinaryAmericansbenefitfromTheycanaccessallkindsofpublicTheycangetconsumergoodsatlowerTheycanmixwithpeopleofdifferentTheycanavoidngmuchofthemanualWhydonativelow-skilledworkerssuffermostfromillegalTheyhavegreaterdifficultygettingwelfareTheyaremorelikelytoencounterinterracialTheyhaveahardertimegettingajobwithdecentTheyarenomatchforillegalimmigrantsinlaborWhatisthechiefconcernofnativehigh-skilled,better-educatedemployeesabouttheinflowofimmigrants?ItmaychangetheexistingsocialItmayposeathreattotheireconomicItmayleadtosocialinstabilityintheItmayceagreatstrainonthestateWhatistheironyaboutthedebateoverEveneconomistscan'treachaconsensusaboutitsThosewhoareopposedtoitturnouttobenefitmostfromPeoplearemakingtoobigafussaboutsomethingofsmallThereisnoessentialdifferencebetweenseeminglyoppositePassageQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingPictureatypicalMBAlecturetheatretwentyyearsago.Initthemajorityofstudentswillhaveconformedtothestandardmodelofthetime:male,middleclassandWestern.Walkintoaclasstoday,however,andyou'llgetacompleydifferentimpression.Forastart,youwillnowseeplentymorewomen–theUniversityofPennsylvania'sWhartonSchool,forexample,boaststhat40%ofitsnewenrolmentisfemale.Youwillalsoseeawiderangeofethnicgroupsandnationalsofpracticallyeverycountry.Itmightbetempting,therefore,tothinkthattheoldbarriershavebeenbrokendownandequalopportunityachieved.But,increasingly,thisapparentdiversityisingamaskforanewtypeofconformity.Behindthedifferencesin,skintonesandmothertongues,therearecommonattitudes,expectationsandambitionswhichriskcreatingasetofclonesamongthebusinessleadersofthefuture.Diversity,itseems,hasnothelpedtoaddressfundamentalweaknessesinbusinessleadership.Sowhatcanbedonetocreatemoreeffectivemanagersofthecommercialworld?AccordingtoValerieGauthier,associatedeanatHECParis,thekeyliesintheprocessbywhichMBAprogrammesrecruittheirstudents.Atthemomentcandidatesareselectedonafairlynarrowsetofcriteriasuchasprioracademicandcareerperformance,andyticalandproblemsolvingabilities.Thisisthencoupledtoaschool'spictureofwhatadiverseclassshouldlooklike,withtheresultthatpassport,ethnicoriginandcanall einfluencingfactors.Butschoolsrarelydigdowntofindoutwhatreallymakesanapplicantsucceed,tocreateaclasswhichalsocontainsdiversityofattitudeandapproach–arguablytheonlydiversitythat,inabusinesscontext,reallymatters.ProfessorGauthierbelievesschoolsshouldnotjustbeselectingcandidatesfromtraditionalsectorssuchasbanking,consultancyandindustry.Theyshouldalsobeseekingindividualswhohavebackgroundsinareassuchaspoliticalscience,thecreativearts,historyorphilosophy,whichwillallowthemtoputbusinessdecisionsintoawidercontext.Indeed,theredoesseemtobeademandforthemoreroundedleaderssuchdiversitymightcreate.AstudybyMannaz,aleadershipdevelopment ,suggeststhat,whilethebully-boychiefexecutiveofoldmaynothavebeeneradicatedcompley,thereisadefiniteshiftinemphasistowardslesstoughstylesofmanagement–atleastinAmericaandEurope.Perhapsmostsignificant,accordingtoMannaz,istheincreasinginterestlargecompanieshaveinmorecollaborativemanagementmodels,suchasthoseprevalentinScandinavia,whichseektointegratethehardandsoftaspectsofleadershipandencouragedelegatedresponsibilityandaccountability.WhatcharacterisesthebusinessschoolstudentpopulationofGreater C)Exceptional lectual D)HigherWhatistheauthor'sconcernaboutcurrentbusinessschoolItwillarousestudents'unrealisticItwillproducebusinessleadersofauniformItfocusesontheoryratherthanonpracticalItstressescompetitionratherthanWhataspectofdiversitydoesValerieGauthierthinkismostAgeandeducationalbackground. C)AttitudeandapproachtoSocialandprofessional D)EthnicoriginandWhatapplicantsdoestheauthorthinkMBAprogrammesshouldconsiderApplicantswithpriorexperienceinbusinessApplicantswithsoundknowledgeinmathandApplicantsfromoutsidethetraditionalApplicantsfromlessdevelopedregionsandWhatdoesMannazsayaboutthecurrentmanagementItiseradicatingthetoughaspectsofItencouragesmaleandfemaleexecutivestoworksidebyItadoptsthebully-boychiefexecutiveItisshiftingtowardsmorecollaborativePart (15Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD)ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Organisedvolunteeringandworkexperiencehaslongbeenavitalcompaniontodegreecourses.Usuallyitisleftto todeducethepotentialfromalistofextracurricularadventuresonagraduate'sresume,63nowtheUniversityofBristolhaslaunchedanawardtoformalisetheachievementsofstudentswho64timetoactivitiesoutsidetheircourses.BristolPLuSaimstobooststudentsinanincreasingly65 jobmarketbyhelthemacquireworkandlifeskillsalongside

"Ourstudentsareaprettyactivebunch,butwefoundthattheydidn't67appreciatethevalueofwhattheydid68thelecturehall,"saysJeffGoodman,directorofcareersandemployabilityattheuniversity."Employersaremuchmore69thantheyusedtobe.Theyusedtolookfor70andsawitaspartoftheirjobtoextractthevalueofanapplicant'sskills.Nowtheywantstudentstobeabletoexinwhythoseskillsare71tothejob."Studentswhosign72fortheawardwillbeexpectedtocomplete50hoursofworkexperienceor73work,attendfourworkshopsonemploy-abilityskills,takepartinanintensiveskills-relatedactivity74,crucially,writeasummaryoftheskillstheyhavegained.75effortswillgainanOutstandingAchievementAward.Thosewho76bestonthesportsfieldcantaketheSportingPLuSAwardwhichfostersemployer-friendlysportsplishments.Theexperiencedoesnothavetobe77organised."We'renotjustinterestedineasilyidentifiableskills,"saysGoodman."78,onestudenttooktheleadindealingwithadifficultlandlordandso79negotiationskills.Wetrytomaketheexperiencerelevanttoindividuallives."Goodmanhopesthe willenableactivestudentstofillinanygapsintheirexperienceandencouragetheirless-activeacademicareaofwork.

totakeupactivitiesoutsidetheirA) B) C) D)A) B) C) D)A)divide B)devote C)deliver A) B) C) D) B) C) D) A) B) C) D)A) B) C) D)A) B) C) D)A) B) C) D)A) B) C) D)A) B) C) D)A) B) C) D)A) B) C) D)A) B) C) D)A) B) C) D)A) B) C) D)fortunaA)For B)In C)In D)OfA) B) C) D)A)device B)section C)scheme A) B) C) D)Part (5Directions:CompletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishthegiveninbrackets.PleasewriteyourtranslationonAnswerSheet2.Eventhoughtheywerealreadylate,they 美麗的景色)thanjustgoon.83.Noagreementwasreachedinthediscussionbetweenthetwoparties,as Thepills (本來可以治愈那位的),buthedidn'tfollowthedoctor'sadviceandtakethemregularly.Itis Thewarleftthefamilyscatteredallovertheworld,anditwasthirty PartIIReadingComprehension(Skimmingand1.D)2.B)3.A)5.B)8.thattheyarelesssomepreparatorybePartIIIListeningComprehensionSectionAC)12.B)13.A)14.D)15.D)16.D)17.B)18.Conversation19.D）20.C)21.A)t22.Conversation23.D)24.D)25.SectionBPassage26.D）27.A28.Passage29.C)30.C)31.PassageC)33.D)34.B).35.SectionCCompoundwhoh