上海市高考英語十一選十練習(xí)第六期

高考英語選詞填空練習(xí)第六期(含答案)（1）Don’tfearanAI-inducedjobsapocalypsejustyetDirection:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.shortagesB.unassistedC.reopenD.analysingE.embracingF.roboticsG.passableH.excitableI.historicallyJ.exceedK.practice“Ithinkwemight__1__aone-to-oneratioofhumanoidrobotstohumans,”ElonMuskdeclaredonMarch1st.Comingfromtheself-styledtechnokingofTesla,itwasnotsomuchapredictionasapromise.MrMusk’scarcompanyisdevelopingonesuchartificiallyintelligentautomaton,codenamedOptimus,foruseathomeandinthefactory.Hisremarks,madeduringTesla’sinvestorday,wereaccompaniedbyavideoofOptimuswalkingaroundapparently__2__.GiventhatMrMuskdidnotelaboratehow—orwhen—yougetfroma

promotionalclip

(宣傳視頻)toanarmyofmorethan8bnrobots,thismightall

smack（一擊）

ofscience-fiction.Buthehas

waded（干預(yù)，介入）

intoaveryrealdebateaboutthefutureofwork.ForcertainformsofAI-enabledautomationarefastbecomingsciencefact.SinceNovemberChatGPT,anAIconversationalist,hasdazzleduserswithits__3__impressionofahuman

interlocutor（談話者）.Other“generative”AIshavebeen

conjuringup（想起）

similarlyhuman-liketexts,imagesandsoundsby__4__reams（大量）ofdataontheinternet.LastmonththebossofIBM,acomputinggiant,forecastthatAIwilldoawaywithmuchwhite-collarclericalwork.OnMarch6thMicrosoftannouncedthelaunchofasuiteofAI“co-pilots”forworkersinjobsrangingfromsalesandmarketingtosupply-chainmanagement.__5__observersmurmuraboutalooming（逼近的）job

apocalypse(大災(zāi)難).AlthoughMessrsFreyandOsbornestillhaveafewyearstobeprovedright,andMrMuskcanbesafelyignoredforthetimebeing,theearlierfearsaboutjob-killingtechnologynevermaterialised.Onthecontrary,labourmarketsacrosstherichworldare__6__tight—andgettingstructurallytighterassocietiesage.TherearecurrentlytwovacanciesforeveryunemployedAmerican,thehighestrateonrecord.America’smanufacturingandhospitalitysectorsreportlabour__7__of500,000and800,000respectively(asmeasuredbythegapbetweenjobopeningsandunemployedworkerswhoselastjobwasinthesectorinquestion).Theimmediateproblemforadvancedeconomiesis,then,nottoomuchautomationbuttoolittle.Itisexacerbated（使惡化）bythefactthat,forlargebusinesses,automatingtendstobedifficulttogetrightin__8__AnditislikelytoprovenoeasierwiththelatestbuzzyAIs.Morerecentlythelistofindustrieswhichare__9__robotshaslengthened,observesJeffBurnstein,presidentoftheAssociationforAdvancingAutomation,anAmericanindustrygroup.Advancesincomputervisionhavemademachinesmuchmore

dexterous（靈巧的）,pointsoutSamiAtiya,whorunsthe__10__businessofABB,aSwissindustrialfirm.Lightweight“collaborativerobots”nowworkside-by-sidewithhumanworkersratherthanbeingcagedoff,andautonomousvehiclesferryobjectsfromoneplacetoanotherinfactoriesandwarehouses.(2)TheRiseofGender-NeutralNamesIsn’tWhatItSeemsDirection:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.noveltyB.revolutionC.exactlyD.inspirationE.minorityF.technologicalG.deliberatelyH.proclaimedI.shrunkJ.associationsK.whereasBabynamesjustaren’twhattheyusedtobe.YoucanseeitthesedaysinallthelittleBlakesandEmersonsandPhoenixesandRobins—andifyoucan’timmediatelytellwhetherI’mtalkingaboutboyorgirlnames,thenah,yes,that’s__1__it.Whenitcomestobabynaming,we’reatpeakandrogyny(雌雄同體；雙性性格).Theriseofgender-neutralnameshasbeenparticularlynotableinthepastfewyears,buttheshifthasbeenalongtimecoming,accordingtoPhilipCohen,asociologistattheUniversityofMarylandatCollegePark.In2021,6percentofAmericanbabieswerebestowedandrogynousnames,approximatelyfivetimesthenumberinthe1880s.Thisisasmall__2__ofbabiesborneveryyear—obviouslyboynamessuchasLiamandobviouslygirlnamessuchasOliviastilltopthecharts—but“anythingthathaschangedbyafactoroffiveinourcultureisabigdeal”.Thejumpisbigenoughtomakeyouwonderwhat’sgoingon:Coulditbe,assomeheadlineshave__3__,thatbaby-nametrendsherald(預(yù)示...來臨)apostgenderworld?Thebaby-namingexpertsarenotallsoconvinced.Ofcourse,someparentsare__4__choosinggender-neutralmonikers(綽號；名字),butWattenbergthinksthelargertrendisdrivenbysomethingelseentirely.Inthepastseveraldecades,shesays,“therehasbeenacomplete__5__inAmericannaming.”Ifyou’vebeenanywherenearaplaygroundrecently,you’veprobablynoticedittoo:__6__parentswereoncehappytolettheirkidbeoneofthreeMarysortwoMichaelsinaclass,wenowliveintheageoftheuniquebabyname.Evenpopularnamesarenolongeraspopular.In1880,almostathirdofbabiesweregivenatop-10name;by2020,thatnumberhad__7__tojust7percent.“Parentsareactivelyseeking__8__,”Wattenbergsays.“Thatmeansthrowingaway,toalargeextent,traditionalnamesthathaddominatedforcenturies,andthatmeansthrowingawaynameswithgender__9__.Whenyouinventanewname…youarenaturallyenteringamoregender-neutralterritory.”Cohenagrees.Manyofthenewnames,hepointsout,areestablishedsurnames,suchastheaforementioned(上述的；前面提及的)BlakeandEmerson,whicharenotstronglyassociatedwithonegenderoranother.PlacenamessuchasDakotaandPhoenixarenowpopularasandrogynousnamestoo.Thesearecommonsourcesof__10__,Cohensays,becausethe“sweetspot”fornewnamesarewordsthatsoundunusualasnamesbutarealsonotobviouslymadeup.(3)Afteryearsindecline,isthegenderpaygapopeningup?Direction:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.workplaceB.hospitalityC.lockdownsD.consistentlyE.expectationF.particularG.empoweringH.discriminationI.reversedJ.previousK.reopenOnaverage,womenearnlessthanmen.Muchofthisisbecauseofthejobstheyperform,bychoiceorsocial__1__;theseareoftenworse-paidthantypicalmaleoccupations.Some,aswhenwomen’spayislowerforthesameposition,istheresultof__2__.Beforethecovid-19pandemic,thegapbetweenmedianmaleandfemalewageswasatleastedging(漸落；微降)down.TheEconomist’sglass-ceilingindexoffemale__3__empowerment,publishedeachyearonMarch8th,internationalwomen’sday,showsthatthissalutary(有益的)trend__4__in2021insomeofthemostlyrichmembersoftheOECD,includingBritainandCanada.Oneexplanationisahangover(殘留物)fromthepandemic.Whenhotels,restaurantsandshopsshuttheirdoorsamid__5__,theirworkers’wagessuffereddisproportionately(不成比例的).Andthoseworkersweredisproportionatelywomen.Ifso,thewideningpaygapmayhavebeenablip（在雷達(dá)屏幕顯示出的）物體光點(diǎn)):demandfromemployersinthesesectorshasbeenhotsinceeconomiesbeganto__6__.Americansworkinginleisureand__7__haveseentheirearningsgrowfasterthanthosetoiling(辛勤勞作)inmoremale-dominatedindustriessuchastransportoverthepastyearorso.Thereturntothepre-pandemictrendwillbehelpedbywomen’sgainsattheotherendoftheincomespectrum(范圍).In2022theshareofboardmembersacrosstheOECDwhowerewomencreptover30%forthefirsttime.MSCInowexpectsparity(平等)by2038,fouryearsearlierthan__8__estimates.Only64outof3,000orsobigcompaniesintheresearchfirm’sglobalstockindexhadafemale-majorityboard.Butthatwasdoublethenumberin2021andincludesgiantslikeCitigroupandShell.AnalysisjustpublishedbyMoody’s,acredit-ratingagency,showsthatsuchfirmsinNorthAmericahave__9__highercreditratings.Disentangling(松開)causeandeffectisnoteasy.__10__womenoughttobe.(4)Fast,DeepCutsinEmissionsAreNeededtoAvoid'ClimateTimeBomb'Direction:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.emergency.B.removalC.implementD.essentiallyE.remainingF.contributedG.gapH.adequatelyI.pledgesJ.unusualK.reductionWeareatacriticaljuncture(特定時(shí)刻)inthefighttotackletheclimate__1__.Theworldhasjustafewyearstodrasticallyrein(控制)incarbonemissionsenoughtoavoidtheworstimpactsofwarming,accordingtotheconcludingpieceoftheSixthAssessmentReportoftheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange(IPCC),whichwasreleasedonMonday.Thereportcallsforcountriestorampup(傾斜升溫)their__2__tolowergreenhousegasemissionsenoughtoreduceglobalemissionsby60percentby2035.Undercurrentemissionslevels,theworldwillpassthe1.5degreeCmarksometimeinthe2030s.Toavoidthat,“emissionsshouldpeak__3__immediately,”saidTarynFransen,aseniorfellowattheWorldResourcesInstituteandaco-authorofanotherU.N.reportaboutthe__4__betweencurrentemissionsandthecutsneededtoavoidwarming,atthewebinar(網(wǎng)絡(luò)研討會；在線會議).Withcountries’existingemissions__5__pledges,theworldwouldwarmbybetween2.4and2.6degreesCabovepreindustriallevelsby2100.Butthepoliciesto__6__thosepledgesarenotyetfullyinplace,whichmeansourworldiscurrentlyonpacetowarmby2.8degreesbycentury’send.Guterreshascalledforcountriestopledg