(NEW)浙江師范大學外國語學院《357英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)》專業(yè)碩士歷年考研真題及詳解

目錄2011年浙江師范大學357英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解2012年浙江師范大學357英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解2013年浙江師范大學357英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解

2011年浙江師范大學357英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解I.TranslatethefollowingtermsintoChinese.(15points,1pointeach)1．Babel【答案】巴別塔2．intralingualtranslation【答案】語際翻譯3．equivalence【答案】對等4．patronage【答案】贊助人5．polysystem【答案】多元系統(tǒng)6．simultaneousinterpreting【答案】同聲傳譯7．untranslatability【答案】不可譯性8．domesticatingstrategy【答案】歸化策略9．translationnorms【答案】翻譯規(guī)范

10．LawrenceVenuti【答案】勞倫斯·韋努蒂11．pseudotranslation【答案】偽譯12．SLtexts【答案】原文本13．prescriptiveapproach【答案】規(guī)定性方法14．skopostheory【答案】目的論15．deconstruction【答案】解構(gòu)II.TranslatethefollowingtermsintoEnglish.(15points,1pointeach)1．可接受性【答案】acceptability2．改編【答案】adaption3．回譯【答案】back-translation4．計算機輔助翻譯

【答案】CAT(ComputerAidedTranslation)5．異化【答案】foreignization6．語義翻譯【答案】semantictranslation7．社群傳譯【答案】communityinterpreting8．文化轉(zhuǎn)向【答案】culturalturn9．國際譯聯(lián)【答案】FIT(InternationalFederationofTranslators)10．功能對等【答案】functionalequivalence11．不確定性【答案】uncertainty12．聯(lián)絡(luò)傳譯【答案】contactinterpretation13．操縱學派【答案】ManipulationSchool14．顯性翻譯

【答案】explicittranslation15．平行語料庫【答案】parallelcorpusIII.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.(60points)TheBigBullMarketwasdead.Billionsofdollars’worthofprofitsandpaperprofitshaddisappeared.Thegrocer,thewindow-cleanerandtheseamstresshadlosttheircapital.Ineverytowntherewerefamilieswhichhadsuddenlydroppedfromshowyaffluenceintodebt.Investorswhohaddreamedofretiringtoliveontheirfortunesnowfoundthemselvesbackoncemoreattheverybeginningofthelongroadtoriches.Daybydaythenewspapersprintedthegrimreportofsuicides.Coolidge-HooverProsperitywasnotyetdead,butitwasdying.Undertheimpactofshockofpanic,amultitudeofillswhichhithertohadpassedunnoticedorhadbeenoffsetbystock-marketoptimismbegantobesetthebodyeconomic,aspoisonsseepthroughthehumansystemwhenavitalorganhasceasedtofunctionnormally.Althoughtheliquidationofnearly3billiondollarsofbrokers’loanscontractedcredit,andReserveBanksloweredtherediscountrate,andthewayinwhichthelargerbanksandcorporationsofthecountryhadsurvivedtheemergencywithoutasinglefailureoflargeproportionsofferedrealencouragement,neverthelessthepoisonswerethere:overproductionofcapital;over-ambitiousexpansionofbusinessconcerns;overproductionofcommoditiesunderthestimulusofinstallmentbuyingandbuyingwithstock-marketprofits;themaintenanceofanartificialpricelevelformanycommodities;thedepressedconditionofEuropeantrade.Nomatterhowmanysoothsayersofhighfinanceproclaimedthatallwaswell,nomatterhowearnestlythepresidentsettoworktorepairthedamagewithsoftwordsandWhiteHouseconferences,amajordepressionwasinevitablyunderway.【參考譯文】大牛市崩盤了。價值數(shù)十億美元的實際利潤以及票面利潤已經(jīng)消失了。食品雜貨商、窗戶清潔工和女裁縫們都賠掉了他們的老本。每個城鎮(zhèn)都

有家庭從令人稱羨的富裕一夜之間跌入債務(wù)的深淵。那些當初想著退休后靠自己的財富過活的投資者現(xiàn)在發(fā)現(xiàn)他們再次回到了他們致富長路的最初起點。那些人們自殺的殘酷報道每日都能見諸報端。柯立芝-胡佛繁榮時期雖然還沒有結(jié)束，但也在逐漸消亡。在恐慌的沖擊下，那些被人忽略的，或是被股票市場的樂觀氣氛所掩蓋的許多弊病開始圍攻主體經(jīng)濟，就像毒素在人體某個重要器官停止工作的時候侵蝕著人體系統(tǒng)。雖然近三十億美元的經(jīng)紀人貸款清算已經(jīng)減少了賒賬，美聯(lián)儲也降低了再貼現(xiàn)率，而且國家大型銀行和企業(yè)在如此緊急的狀態(tài)下得以生存并且沒有一家遭受大規(guī)模的損失，這種處理方法確實鼓舞人心，但是毒素依然在那里：過度發(fā)行貨幣，商行野心勃勃地過度擴張，在分期付款以及用股市盈利來消費的刺激下的商品生產(chǎn)過剩，對許多商品人為地保持價格水平以及歐洲貿(mào)易的蕭條情況。無論多少高級金融預言家聲明一切良好，不管總統(tǒng)多么熱切地想要通過甜言蜜語以及白宮會議來修復創(chuàng)傷，重大的蕭條仍然不可避免地到來。IV.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.(60points)廬山初識，匆匆五十年矣，山城之聚，金陵之晤，猶歷歷如昨。別后音訊闊絕四十余年，誠屬憾事。幸友誼猶存，兩心相通。每遇客從遠方來，道及夫人起居，更引進懷舊之情。近聞夫人健康如常，頗感欣慰。令姐孫夫人生前，極為思念夫人，每每言及夫人愛國情切，必將致大力于中國之統(tǒng)一。孫夫人手足情深，亟盼生前能與夫人一晤；曾親筆致函夫人，然未能如愿，終成遺憾。嘗讀夫人之《我將再起》，思感殊多?；厥桩斈?，國難方殷，夫人致力全民抗戰(zhàn)，促成國內(nèi)團結(jié)，爭取國際援助，弘揚抗日民氣，救助難童傷兵，厥功至偉?！緟⒖甲g文】TwoscoreandtenyearshaveelapsedsinceouracquaintanceatMt.Lushan.OurgatheringinChongqing,themountaincity,andourmeetinginNanjingarestillfreshinmymindasiftheytookplaceonlyyesterday.Itisadeepregretthatwehadlostcontactwitheachotherforfortyoddyears.Yetitisagreatcomforttousthatwestillretainfriendshipandmutualunderstanding.Everytimeafriendcomesfromafarandmentionsyourdailylife,Icannothelprecallingthepast.ItisagreatcomforttomewhenIhearthatyouareingoodhealth.YourhonorablesisterMrs.Sunmissedyouverymuchduringherlifetime.Sheoftentalkedofyourardentpatriotismandutterdevotionto

thereunificationofChina.Mrs.Sunalwayskeptasisterlyaffectionforyouandhadastrongwishtohaveameetingwithyou,forwhichshewroteyoualetter.Yetshefailedtofulfillherwish,whichisaregret.IhavethehonortoreadyourbookIShallRiseAgain,whichprovokedabundantreflectioninme.Lookingbackinthepast,IrememberedthatnationalcalamitiesplaguedChinaatthattime.YoumadegreatcontributionsbydevotingyourselftotheWarofResistanceAgainstJapanandtheunityofallforcesinChina,byworkinghardfortheinternationalassistanceandthemoraleoftheChinesepeopleinfightingagainstaggressorsandbyhelpingtorescuetherefugeechildrenandwoundedsoldiers.

2012年浙江師范大學357英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解I.Termtranslation.(Total10points)PartATranslatethefollowingtermsintoChinese.(5points,1pointeach)1．Bilateralinterpreting【答案】雙邊傳譯2．Creativetreason【答案】創(chuàng)造性叛逆3．Metatext【答案】元文本4．Servicetranslation【答案】服務(wù)型翻譯5．Prospectivetranslation【答案】前瞻式翻譯PartBTranslatethefollowingtermsintoEnglish.(5points,1pointeach)1．見習譯員【答案】traineeinterpreter2．應(yīng)用翻譯【答案】appliedtranslation3．語際翻譯【答案】intralingualtranslation

4．序列翻譯【答案】sequentialtranslation5．文本對等【答案】textualequivalenceII.SentenceTranslation.(Total40points)PartATranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.(20points，5pointseach)1．TherelativesofthemissingcanstillbespottedatbusstationsoroutsideRedCrossoffices.【答案】失蹤者的親屬仍然可以在公交車站或紅十字會辦公室外看到。2．Energyisneededforthereactionanditissuppliedbythelightofthesun.【答案】這種反應(yīng)需要能量，太陽光則能提供所需的能量。3．Whatmeasureshavebeenorarebeingadoptedbythelocalgovernmenttoreduceairpollution?【答案】當?shù)卣呀?jīng)采取了或正在采取哪些措施來降低空氣的污染程度？4．Metalsaredeliberatelymixedtoproducehundredsofnewsubstanceswithdesirablequalitiesnototherwiseavailable.【答案】故意把各種金屬混合在一起，可以產(chǎn)生數(shù)百種新物質(zhì)。這些物質(zhì)的特性合乎人們的需要，也是一般金屬所沒有的。PartBTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.(20points，5pointseach)1．只有改革創(chuàng)新，才能促進經(jīng)濟社會的快速發(fā)展。

【答案】Onlythroughreformandinnovationcanwepromotetherapiddevelopmentofeconomyandsociety.2．必須指出，有些問題還待澄清?！敬鸢浮縄tmustbepointedoutthatsomequestionshaveyettobeclarified.3．中國的陸地自然資源人均占有量低于世界平均水平。【答案】China’slandnaturalresourcespercapitaarelowerthantheworldaverage.4．夜里可是比白天溫和多了，夜的城市不管怎么說，也不像白天那么猙獰、兇惡，那么嘈雜、猥瑣?！敬鸢浮縏henightwasmuchmilderthantheday,andthecityatnight,however,wasnotasfierceandferociousasthatintheday,notsonoisyandobscene.III.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.(50points)Whatisthenatureofthescientificattitude,theattitudeofthemanorwomanwhostudiesandappliesphysics,biology,chemistry,geology,engineering,medicineoranyotherscience?Weallknowthatscienceplaysanimportantroleinthesocietiesinwhichwelive.Manypeoplebelieve,however,thatourprogressdependsontwodifferentaspectsofscience.Thefirstoftheseistheapplicationofthemachines,productsandsystemsofappliedknowledgethatscientistsandtechnologistsdevelop.Throughtechnology,scienceimprovesthestructureofsocietyandhelpsmantogainincreasingcontroloverhisenvironment.Thesecondaspectistheapplicationbyallmembersofsocietyofthespecialmethodsofthoughtandactionthatscientistsuseintheirwork.Whatarethesespecialmethodsofthinkingandacting?Itseemsthatasuccessfulscientistisfullofcuriosity—hewantstofindouthowandwhytheuniverseworks.Heusuallydirectshisattentiontowardsproblemswhichhenoticeshavenosatisfactoryexplanation,andhiscuriositymakeshimlookforunderlyingrelationshipsevenifthedataavailableseemtobeunconnected.

Moreover,hethinkshecanimprovetheexistingconditionsandenjoystryingtosolvetheproblemswhichthisinvolves.【參考譯文】科學態(tài)度的本質(zhì)是什么？研究和應(yīng)用物理、生物、化學、地質(zhì)學、工程、醫(yī)學或其他科學的人的態(tài)度本質(zhì)又是什么？我們都知道科學在我們所生活的社會中扮演著重要的角色。然而，許多人認為，我們的進步取決于科學的兩個不同方面。第一個方面是科學家和技術(shù)人員開發(fā)的機器、產(chǎn)品和應(yīng)用知識系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用。通過科技，科學改善了社會結(jié)構(gòu)，并幫助人們?nèi)找婕訌妼Νh(huán)境的管控。第二個方面是所有社會成員應(yīng)用科學家在其工作中采用的特殊思想和行動方法。這些特殊的思考和行動方法是什么？一個成功的科學家似乎充滿了好奇心——他想知道宇宙是如何運作以及為什么會運作。他通常會把注意力引向那些他認為沒有滿意解釋的問題，而他的好奇心促使他去尋找潛在的關(guān)系，即使現(xiàn)有數(shù)據(jù)之間似乎沒有任何聯(lián)系。此外，他認為自己可以改善現(xiàn)有條件，并樂于嘗試著解決其中涉及的問題。IV.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.(50points)回眸110年崢嶸歲月，五中歷經(jīng)幾多滄桑，幾多變遷?！拔逯腥恕笔冀K自強不息，奮斗不止。初創(chuàng)時默默探索，低谷中苦苦堅守，中興時步步奮進，發(fā)展中屢屢創(chuàng)新。百十年來，五中哺育了一代代莘莘學子，培養(yǎng)了一批批精英干才。他們足跡遍及大江南北，直至海角天涯；他們兢兢業(yè)業(yè)，默默奉獻，在自己的崗位上用心血耕耘杏壇，用智慧書寫華章，用身軀搭成人梯，為祖國的繁榮昌盛做出了平凡而又卓越的貢獻。憶往昔，歲月崢嶸，幾多磨難；看今朝，成就卓著，屢創(chuàng)輝煌；望未來，豪情滿懷，前途無量。我們堅信：五中在嶄新的起跑線上，將高歌猛進，奮然前行?！緟⒖甲g文】Lookingbackatthememorabledaysofthe110years,theNo.5HighSchoolhasundergonethegloriesandthefoibles,aswellaschanges.“TheNo.5HighSchoolpeople”havealwaysbeenself-improvement,andhaveneverceasedtostruggle:exploringquietlyatthebeginning,keepinghardinthe

lowestpoint,movingforwardstepbystepduringthephaseofrevival,andinnovatingseriallyintheprocess.Inthelasthundredyears,theNo.5HighSchoolhasbroughtupgenerationsofstudents,andcultivatedgroupsofelites.Theirfootprintscoverthewholecountry,totheendoftheearth;theytakegreatpainswiththeirwork,devotetothesocietywithoutanycomplaint,cultivatecarefullysohardinXingTan(theteachingprofession)intheirownpositions,writewonderswithintelligence,serveasladdersbythemselves,andmakeplainandoutstandingcontributionstotheprosperityofourcountry.Reviewingthepast,eventfulyearshavepassedtogetherwithafewhardships;Lookingatthepresent,greatachievementsarebeingmadeconstantly.Lookingintothefuture,wearefullofambition,withapromisingfuturebeingahead.Wefirmlybelievethatinthenewstartingline,theNo.5HighSchoolwilladvancerapidlyandmoveforward.

2013年浙江師范大學357英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解I.Termtranslation.(Total30points)PartATranslatethefollowingtermsintoChinese.(15points,3pointseach)1．a(chǎn)udiovisualtranslation【答案】視聽翻譯2．think-aloudprotocols【答案】出聲思維法3．foreignisingstrategy【答案】異化策略4．communityinterpreting【答案】社群傳譯5．TowerofBabel【答案】巴別塔PartBTranslatethefollowingtermsintoEnglish,(15points,3pointseach)1．不可譯性【答案】untranslability2．描述翻譯學【答案】descriptivetranslationstudies3．語內(nèi)翻譯【答案】intralingualtranslation

4．翻譯規(guī)范【答案】translationnorms5．人工翻譯【答案】humantranslationII.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.(60points)WhenGermanyandFrancedisagree,everybodycomplainsaboutparalysisinEurope.Whentheyagree,theprotestisaboutunacceptablediktats.SowhenAngelaMerkelandNicolasSarkozypushedanEUsummitinBrusselstoapprovetheir“competitivenesspact”,whichcallsforcloserco-ordinationofeconomicpoliciesamongcountriesusingtheeuro,anoutcrywasonlytobeexpected.Yetitsvehemencetookthemaback.Overalongandbad-temperedlunch,almosteveryotherEUleaderrailedagainstsomething.IrelandrejectedtheideaofaligningEUcorporatetaxes(oratleastthetaxbase)asadangertoitslow-taxgrowthmodel.BelgiumandLuxembourgresistedcallstoabolishtheirsystemofindex-linkedwages.TheBalticssaidtheyshouldnotraisetheirpensionageasfastaswestEuropeansbecausetheirpeopletendtodieyounger.Polanddenouncedplansforseparatesummitsofeuro-zoneleadersforbeingdivisive.FromStettintoTrieste,manyeasternersfeel,acurtainisdescendingagain.Thistimeitbearsthesymboloftheeuro.Mrs.MerkelandMr.Sarkozyshouldinpartblamethemselves.Theychummilybargainedforweeksandthenleakedthepact’sdetailsbeforetellingtheircolleagues.ThestartofthesummitonFebruary4thwasdelayedwhilethetwoconferredseparately;lunchwasthenpostponedwhiletheygaveapressconferencetoexplaintheirplans.ItwaseventuallylefttoHermanVanRompuy,aspresidentoftheEuropeanCouncil,tofindagreementintimeforaspecialeuro-zonesummitinmid-March.【參考譯文】當?shù)聡头▏煌獾臅r候，每個人都在埋怨歐洲的不作為。而當他們

同意的時候，人們則公開抗議讓人無法接受的專制統(tǒng)治。因此，當?shù)聡偫戆哺窭つ藸柡头▏偨y(tǒng)尼古拉·薩科齊在布魯塞爾召開歐盟峰會來推行他們的“競爭力協(xié)定”時（這份協(xié)定呼吁在歐元區(qū)國家之間加強經(jīng)濟政策的協(xié)調(diào)），人們的強烈抗議是意料之中的，但是抗議的激烈程度讓他們大吃一驚。在這頓持續(xù)時間長、氣氛壓抑的午餐上，幾乎所有的歐盟領(lǐng)導人心里都在抱怨著些什么。愛爾蘭拒絕將歐盟公司稅(或至少是稅基)視為對其低稅收增長模式構(gòu)成的危險。比利時和盧森堡拒絕響應(yīng)取消其與指數(shù)掛鉤的工資體系的呼聲。波羅的海國家說他們不應(yīng)該像西歐人那樣立即推遲退休年齡，因為他們國家的人往往死得早一些。波蘭譴責了歐元區(qū)領(lǐng)導人容易引起分歧的單獨峰會計劃。從什切青到的里雅斯特，許多東部人都覺得，幕布又開始降下來了，這一次它是歐元的象征。默克爾和薩科齊在某種程度上應(yīng)該自責。他們親密地商談了幾周，然后在告知他們的同盟之前泄露了協(xié)議的細節(jié)。2月4日峰會的召開時間被推遲，取而代之的是兩國單獨商議；午餐隨后也因他們召開新聞發(fā)布會來解釋其計劃而推遲。最終，歐洲理事會主席赫爾曼·范龍佩將在3月中旬召開的歐元區(qū)特別峰會上及時促成協(xié)議。III.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.(60points)風險資本公司在各種產(chǎn)業(yè)中投資，同時也在公司發(fā)展的各個階段對公司進行投資。創(chuàng)業(yè)公司的增長周期有幾個階段，許多風險資本家僅將其投資局限于公司發(fā)展的某一個階段。大多數(shù)人傾向于將風險資本同所謂的“啟動投資”或“原始投資”聯(lián)系在一起，因為風險資本是在公司組建之前或一個實際產(chǎn)品開發(fā)之前投入進去的。然而，近年來在美國的大多數(shù)風險資本投資實際上是“早期投資”和“增長中股本投資”。早期風險資本通常是在公司組建之后和首次推出某一剛開發(fā)的產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)項目之時或此后不久投入的。增長中股本風險資本或稱“后期”資本，則是提供給現(xiàn)有的公司，使之達到足夠的資本，得以通過公募市場吸引更多的融資或吸引能支持未來發(fā)展的合適的兼并或收購合伙人。風險資本家一般不管理公司，管理公司的是管理人員。因此，任何風險資本投資要獲得成功，在很大程度上有賴于相關(guān)管理班子的能力。對于管理能力不強的公司，尤其是行政主管級別管理能力不強的公司，大多數(shù)風險資本家是不會投資的。在評估管理班子的素質(zhì)時，風險資本家往往尋求誠實廉正、有創(chuàng)業(yè)遠見、有才智、有髙尚職業(yè)道德、有相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)

經(jīng)驗、有一系列成功業(yè)績、有分辨輕重緩急能力并能集中精力依次解決問題的管理人才。【參考譯文】Justasventurecapitalfirmsinvestinvariousindustries,theyalsoinvestincompaniesatvariousstagesofdevelopment.Thereareseveralstagestoanentrepreneurialcompany’sgrowthcycle,andmanyventurecapitalistsl