英語新外研必修一講義MODULE6SECTIONⅠINTRODUCTIONREADING-PREREADING

Since1990stheInternethasbeefashionable(時(shí)尚的)inpeople'sdailylife.TheInternetisasystemofthousandsofnetworks,linkingmiddleschools,universities,businesses,governmentagencies(機(jī)構(gòu)),librariesandmillionsofindividuals.TheInternet,aninformationhighway,canbringmanyconveniencesintotheschool,homeandoffice.Collegestudentscanfindthedataofdifferentcountriestofinishtheirpapers.Housewivescandotheirshoppingandpaybillswithoutleavingtheirhomes.Businessmencanplaceanorderthroughelectronic(電子的)media.Patientscanreachtheworld'sleadingexpertsonthediseasetheysufferfrom.Menandwomencanmunicatewithpeoplefromallovertheworldbysendingandreceivinge-mails.Withaputerandthenetwork,anyindividualcancallupinformationaboutalmostanythingfromalmostanywhereatalmostanytime.TheInternetoffersusexcitementandaworldofpromise.Forexample,itcanimproveefficiency(效率)inscientificresearch,forbymeansofitscientistsandresearcherscangetagloballookatthelatestdevelopmentsinthefieldconcernedandtheydon'tneedtospendtimedoingwhathasalreadybeendone.Inviewofpersonalmunication,theInternetcouldbethemostconvenientmeans,too.ButdoyouknowthedevelopmentoftheInternetandtheWorldWideWeb?Let'sstepintoModule6togetherandexplorethemysteriousInternetworld!

Section_ⅠIntroduction&Reading—Pre-readingeq\a\vs4\al([原文呈現(xiàn)])TheInternetisthebiggestsource①ofinformation②intheworld,andit'saccessible③throughaputer.Itconsistsof④millionsof⑤pagesofdata⑥.In1969,DARPA,aUSdefenceorganisation⑦，developedawayforalltheirputersto“talk〞toeachotherthroughthetelephone⑧.Theycreated⑨anetworkofputerscalledDARPANET⑩.Forfifteenyears,onlytheUSarmycouldusethissystemofmunication?.Thenin1984,theUSNationalScienceFoundation(NSF)startedtheNSFNETnetwork.Itthenbecamepossibleforuniversitiestousethesystemaswell?.NSFNETbecameknownas?theInter-Network,or“Internet〞．TheWorldWideWeb(theweb)isaputernetworkthatallows?puteruserstoaccess?informationfrommillionsofwebsitesvia?theInternet.Atthemoment?，about80percentofwebtrafficisinEnglish,butthispercentage?isgoingdown?.By2020,muchwebtrafficcouldbeinChinese.TheWorldWideWebwasinventedin1991byanEnglishscientist,TimBerners-Lee.Berners-Leebuilthisfirstputerwhilehewasatuniversityusinganoldtelevision！?Hecameupwitheq\o(○,\s\up1(21))theideaoftheWorldWideWebin1989whilehewasworkinginSwitzerland.eq\a\vs4\al([讀文清障])①source/s??s/n．來源；出處②informationn．信息③accessible/?k'ses?bl/adj.可進(jìn)入的；可使用的④consistof由……組成⑤millionsof數(shù)以百萬計(jì)的⑥data/'deIt?/n．(復(fù))數(shù)據(jù)，單數(shù)是datum⑦defence/dI'fens/n．愛護(hù)；防衛(wèi)aUSdefenceorganisation是DARPA的同位語。⑧for...為不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作way的定語。⑨create/kri'eIt/vt.制造；制造⑩network/'net?w??k/n．網(wǎng)絡(luò)calledDARPANET為過去分詞短語作后置定語，修飾networkofputers。?municationn．聯(lián)絡(luò)；通信；交往?aswell也，一般放在句末句中it為形式主語，touse...是真正的主語。?beeknownas...作為……而知名；被稱作……；叫作……??access/'?kses/vt.存取(計(jì)算機(jī)文件)；訪問?via/'vaI?/prep.途經(jīng)；經(jīng)由?atthemoment目前；此時(shí)；此刻?percentage/p?'sentId?/n．百分?jǐn)?shù)；百分率?godown下降?while引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，using...為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作方式狀語。eq\o(○,\s\up1(21))eupwith提出[第1～4段譯文]因特網(wǎng)是世界上最大的信息源，它借助電腦便能進(jìn)入。它由數(shù)百萬頁的數(shù)據(jù)組成。1969年，一個(gè)名叫DARPA的國防組織，研發(fā)出一種使他們?nèi)康碾娔X通過相互“交談〞的方法。他們創(chuàng)立了一個(gè)叫DARPANET的電腦網(wǎng)絡(luò)。在15年的時(shí)間里，只有方才能使用這一溝通系統(tǒng)。后來在1984年，國家科學(xué)基金會創(chuàng)立了NSFNET網(wǎng)絡(luò)。然后，高校使用這一系統(tǒng)也成為可能。NSFNET作為“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)絡(luò)〞或者“因特網(wǎng)〞而著名。萬維網(wǎng)是一種電腦網(wǎng)絡(luò)，它使電腦用戶通過因特網(wǎng)從數(shù)百萬的網(wǎng)站上獵取信息。目前，大約80%的網(wǎng)絡(luò)溝通都使用英語，但這一比例正在下降。到2020年時(shí)，大量的網(wǎng)絡(luò)溝通有可能使用漢語。萬維網(wǎng)由英國科學(xué)家蒂姆·貝爾納斯·李于1991年創(chuàng)立。讀高校時(shí)，貝爾納斯·李利用一臺舊電視機(jī)制成了他的第一臺電腦！1989年，當(dāng)他在瑞士工作時(shí)，他提出了創(chuàng)立萬維網(wǎng)的想法。Berners-LeemadeitpossibleforeveryonetousetheInternet,notjustuniversitiesandthearmyeq\o(○,\s\up1(22)).Hedesignedeq\o(○,\s\up1(23))thefirst“webbrowser〞，whichallowedputeruserstoaccessdocumentseq\o(○,\s\up1(24))fromotherputers.Fromthatmomentoneq\o(○,\s\up1(25))，thewebandtheInternetgrew.Withineq\o(○,\s\up1(26))fiveyears,thenumberofeq\o(○,\s\up1(27))Internetusersroseeq\o(○,\s\up1(28))from600,000to40million.TheInternethascreatedthousandsofmillionaireseq\o(○,\s\up1(29))，butBerners-Leeisnotoneofthem.EveryoneintheworldcanaccesstheInternetusinghisWorldWideWebsystemeq\o(○,\s\up1(30)).Henowworksaseq\o(○,\s\up1(31))alectureratMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyinBoston.eq\o(○,\s\up1(22))notjust不僅僅makeitpossibleforsb.todosth.是習(xí)慣用法，其中it為形式賓語，不定式為真正的賓語；notjust...為解釋性狀語。eq\o(○,\s\up1(23))design/dI'zaIn/vt.設(shè)計(jì)eq\o(○,\s\up1(24))document/'d?kj?m?nt/n．文件eq\o(○,\s\up1(25))fromthatmomenton從那時(shí)起eq\o(○,\s\up1(26))withinprep.在……時(shí)間范圍之內(nèi)eq\o(○,\s\up1(27))thenumberof……的數(shù)量后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。eq\o(○,\s\up1(28))risevi.增加；上升riseto增加到……riseby增加了……eq\o(○,\s\up1(29))millionairen．百萬富翁eq\o(○,\s\up1(30))using...為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作方式狀語。eq\o(○,\s\up1(31))workas擔(dān)當(dāng)……，以……身份工作[第5～6段譯文]貝爾納斯·李使每個(gè)人使用因特網(wǎng)成為可能，而不僅僅是高校和隊(duì)。他設(shè)計(jì)出了第一個(gè)“網(wǎng)站掃瞄器〞，它允許電腦用戶可以從其他電腦上獵取文件。從那時(shí)起，萬維網(wǎng)和因特網(wǎng)蓬勃開展起來了。5年內(nèi)，因特網(wǎng)的用戶從60萬劇增至4000萬。,因特網(wǎng)造就了成千上萬的百萬富翁，但不包括貝爾納斯·李。世界上的任何人都可以利用他的萬維網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)入因特網(wǎng)。他現(xiàn)任波士頓麻省理工學(xué)院講師。Pre-readingPleasematchthefollowingwordswiththeirpropermeanings.1．contain A．許可2．a(chǎn)ccess B．設(shè)計(jì)3．permission C．百分?jǐn)?shù)；百分率4．source D．制造5．defence E．包含；包括6．create F．文件7．design G．制造；制造8．invention H．來源9．document I．愛護(hù)；防衛(wèi)10．percentage J．通路；接近答案：1～5EJAHI6～10GBDFCLead-in1．Wecangetthelatestnewsfromthefollowingmedia.(1)newspaper(2)television(3)radio(4)Internet2．Matchthepictureswiththeirnames.A．laptop B．palmtopC．harddisk D．mobilephone(1)B(2)D(3)A(4)CWhile-readingFast-reading1．Lookatthepictureandreadthefirstsentencesandthelastsentencesofeachparagraphtofindtheanswertothequestion:what'sthemainideaofthepassage?Itmainlytellsuswhatthe_Internetisandhowithasdevelopedstepbystep.2．Readthepassagequicklyandmatchthemainideaswiththeparagraphs.(1)Para.1A．ThedefinitionoftheWorldWideWeb.(2)Para.2 B．TheinventoroftheWorldWideWeb.(3)Para.3C．ThecurrentconditionofBerners-Lee.(4)Para.4 D．ThedevelopmentoftheInternet.(5)Para.5E．ThestartoftheInternet.(6)Para.6F．ThedefinitionoftheInternet.答案：(1)～(6)FEABDCCareful-reading(Ⅰ)Readthetextandchoosethebestanswers.1．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutBerners-Lee?A．HenowworksasalectureratMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology.B．Heinventedthefirstputerandmadealotofmoney.C．HecameupwiththeideaoftheInternetwhileatuniversity.D．HemadeitpossibleforuniversitiestousetheInternet.2．DARPAmadeitpossibleforalltheirputersto“talk〞toeachother________.A．byradio B．throughthetelephoneC．onTV D．bythecellphone3．Whenthenetworkwasfirstinvented,itwasonlyusedintheUS________.A．a(chǎn)rmy B．governmentC．university D．school4．WhichsentenceisRIGHTfromthepassage?A．TheNSFNETwasonlyusedbytheUSarmy.B．By2020,muchwebtrafficwillbeinJapanese.C．EveryoneintheworldcanaccesstheInternetusingtheWorldWideWebsystem.D．Berners-LeebecamerichbecauseoftheInternet.答案：1～4ABAC(Ⅱ)Fillintheblanksaccordingtothetext.Theweb1．a(chǎn)llowsusersto2.accessinformationfromwebsites.DevelopmentIn1969,DARPA3.createdanetworkofputers.In1984,NSF4.startedtheNSFNETnetwork.In1989,TimBerners-Lee5.came_up_withtheideaoftheweb.In1991,TimBerners-Lee6.inventedtheweb.InfluenceWithin5years,7.the_number_ofInternetusersrosefrom600,000to40million.Atthemoment,8.about_80%ofwebtrafficisinEnglish,butthispercentageis9.going_down.By2020,10.much_web_trafficcouldbeinChinese.Study-readingAnalyzethefollowingdifficultsentencesinthetext.1．In1969,DARPA,aUSdefenceorganisation,developedawayforalltheirputersto“talk〞toeachotherthroughthetelephone.[句式分析][嘗試翻譯]1969年，一個(gè)名叫DARPA的國防組織，研發(fā)出一種使他們?nèi)康碾娔X通過相互“交談〞的方法。2．Berners-Leebuilthisfirstputerwhilehewasatuniversityusinganoldtelevision![句式分析][嘗試翻譯]讀高校時(shí)，貝爾納斯·李利用一臺舊電視機(jī)制成了他的第一臺電腦！3．Berners-LeemadeitpossibleforeveryonetousetheInternet,notjustuniversitiesandthearmy.[句式分析]句中含有make的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，其中it作形式賓語，不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作真正的賓語，notjustuniversitiesandthearmy作解釋性狀語。[嘗試翻譯]貝爾納斯·李使任何人使用因特網(wǎng)成為可能，而不僅僅是高校和隊(duì)。

Ⅰ.閱讀理解AInmodernworld,theInternethasmadeourlifeeasyandfortable.Inourdailylifewehavetousevariouskindsofelectronicdevices.Wecan'timagineourlifewithouttheInternet.Internetisnowbeinganindispensable(不行或缺的)partofourlife.ForPersonalUseIfapersonwantstospendawholedaywiththeInternet,itispossible.TheInternethasbeeagoodfriendofeverybody.Nowwedon'tneedtogotothetheatertowatchamovie.Wecandownloadamovie,oldornew,fromtheInternetwithinafewminutes.Wheneverwewantanewdress,butconfusedthinkingaboutthedesignandcolorofthedress,thereisaquicksolutionontheInternetwhichcanhelpushopefully.Noteenagerisfoundwhodoesn'tuseFacebook.InFacebookwewillbeabletoconnectwiththosefriendswithwhomwedon'thaveanyconnectionforalongtime.InOfficeandBusinessBeforeputersthereweremanyproblemsinourlife.Inoffice,wehavetodealwithmanykindsofinformation.Inthepast,wehadtogatherinformationonpapers,butitwasverydifficultforonepersontoprotectthousandsofpapers.Maybeyourofficewouldbeattackedbyfire.Butatpresent,itisnotamajorproblem.Wecanstorelotsofinformationinputersconveniently.Beforeputerswhenwewenttoanoffice,wesawlotsoffilesgatheredbesidethedesk.Somepeoplewererunningwithfiles.Itwasapreviousscene.Atpresent,thisscenecanbeveryfunny.Sowecansayputershelptochangetheenvironmentofanofficeindirectly.____________ThemajornoveltyoftheInternetisthefasterspreadofinformation.Wecandownloadinformation,tutorial,book,andanytypeofhelpfromtheInternet.IfIneedhelpfrommyteacherinthenightbeforetheexam,Idon'tneedtogotohishouse.Itwillwastetime.Icanknowhisvaluableopinionthroughemail.Manyuniversitiesandresearchinstitutionssharetheiropinions,viewsandexperiencesandsometimestheystarttheirprojectstogetherontheInternet.Itsavestheirtimeandmoney.WecanknowthesefromtheInternetwhichwasimpossibleinthepast.語篇解讀：在現(xiàn)代社會中我們無法想象沒有網(wǎng)絡(luò)的生活?；ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)使我們的生活便利和舒適。1．WhydoestheauthortalkaboutFacebookinParagraph2?A．Becauseitisquitepopularwithteenagers.B．BecauseallteenagerscanuseFacebook.C．BecauseitprovestheInternethaspersonaluse.D．Becauseithelpstofindfriendswe'velonglostcontactwith.解析：選C推理推斷題。ForPersonalUse為其次段的主題，作者談及Facebook是為了說明該主題。2．Thethirdparagraphisdeveloped________.A．byspace B．bycontrastC．byprocess D．bytime解析：選B寫作手法題。依據(jù)該段中的內(nèi)容“Inthepast〞和“Butatpresent〞可知，該段是通過比照來綻開的。3．Theblankinthetextabovecanbefilledby________.A．ForWorkEfficiency B．InmunicationC．ForDevelopment D．InEducation解析：選D段落大意題。依據(jù)第四段中的內(nèi)容“Wecandownloadinformation,tutorial,book,andanytypeofhelpfromtheInternet.IfIneedhelpfrommyteacherinthenightbeforetheexam〞可知，該段的主題為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)在教育方面的作用及影響。4．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．InterlinkedputersAroundtheWorldB．TheInfluenceoftheInternetinOurDailyLifeC．TheInternet—BridgeAmongPast,PresentandFutureD．TechnologicalBreakthroughinmunication解析：選B標(biāo)題歸納題。文章論述了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)對我們?nèi)粘Ｉ畹挠绊?。?yīng)選B。BIstartedusingFacebookaboutoneyearagoandIreallylovedit.Icouldgetthelatestinformationaboutmyfriendsthroughit.However,afterusingitforsometime,Ifoundsomethingverydisappointing.Itstartedabouthalfayearago.Oneday,whileIwasreadingsomethingthatmyfriendLisaposted,Ifoundshewaslying.Shesaidshehadwonthefirstprizeinacontest(競賽).Butthetruthwasthatsheonlygotthethirdprize.AftershepostedthatonFacebook,manypeoplesaidhowgreatshewas.Isaidnothing.Ijustfeltdisappointed.Butthatwasnottheendofthestory.Somedayslater,Ifoundshetoldliesagain.Andherlieswentonandon.Shekeptpostingsomethingshehadn'tdone,suchasbuyinganexpensivegiftforhermother,helpingastranger,keepingahomelessdog,andsoon.Andevenworse,othersfollowedherexample.Iknewwhytheydidthat.Theyfeltenvy(忌妒)ofLisa.Youmayfinditfunny.ButinfactFacebookenvyisnothingtolaughabout.ResearchersfoundthatthosewhoenvyothersonFacebookaremorelikelytosufferfromdepression(抑郁癥)．Inmyopinion,Facebookshouldjustbeusedtotalkwithfriendsandfamilies.Weshouldn'tlietoothersjustinordertomakeothersthinkwe'regreat.Ifwelie,otherswilllie,too.Andintheend,everyonewilllieonFacebook.SotellthetruthonFacebook.Itcanhelpothersreallyknowaboutyou.語篇解讀：作者發(fā)覺她的伴侶Lisa常常在Facebook上撒謊，她對此感到很絕望。更糟的是，許多人由于嫉妒Lisa也開頭撒謊。所以作者建議人們在Facebook上實(shí)話實(shí)說。5．AftertheauthorstartedusingFacebook,she________.A．oftenliedonitB．foundithelpfulatfirstC．madealotoffriendsonitD．founditdisappointingatonce解析：選B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第一段的內(nèi)容可知，當(dāng)作者一開頭使用Facebook時(shí)，她能通過Facebook獲得好友的信息，這讓作者覺得Facebook很有用。6．Whatmadetheauthordisappointed?A．FeelingenvyofLisa.B．Notgettingthefirstprize.C．Lisa'slyingaboutherself.D．Havingnothinggreattopost.解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章其次段的內(nèi)容可知，不久作者發(fā)覺她的好友Lisa在Facebook上撒謊，這讓作者很絕望。7．Bysaying“othersfollowedherexample〞，theauthormeansothers________.A．didsomethinggreattooB．startedtouseFacebookC．startedtoenvyLisaD．startedtellingliesonFacebook解析：選D推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章第三段的內(nèi)容可知，Lisa的謊話越來越多，多數(shù)都是在炫耀自己，而她的炫耀導(dǎo)致了更糟的事情：由于嫉妒她所說的那些虛假的東西，其他人也開頭撒謊，由此可知“othersfollowedherexample〞指的是其他人也開頭在Facebook上撒謊。8．WhatdoestheauthorthinkpeopleshoulddoonFacebook?A．Keephonest.B．Maketruefriends.C．Makethemselvesgreat.D．Helpotherscorrecttheirmistakes.解析：選A推理推斷題。依據(jù)末段的內(nèi)容可知，作者認(rèn)為人們在Facebook上應(yīng)當(dāng)實(shí)話實(shí)說，這樣才能讓別人真正了解自己。CInternettimetiedtoteendepression(抑郁)symptomsSpendingtimeonlineisnormalbehaviourforteenagers.ButtoomuchInternetusebyteens—ortoolittle,forthatmatter—mightberelatedtodepression,anewstudyfinds.Thefindings,reportedinthejournalofPediatrics,donotmeanthattheInternetistoblame.Forone,teensinthestudywhospentnotimeonlinewerealsoatincreasedriskofdepressionsymptoms.Instead,theresearcherssaythatbothheavyInternetuse,andnon-use,couldserveassignalsthatateenagerishavingahardtime.Forthestudy,Dr.Pierre-AndreMichaudandhiscol-leaguesattheUniversityofLausanne,Switzerland,surveyed7,200individualsaged16to20abouttheirInternetuse.Thosewhowereonlinemorethantwohoursperdaywereconsidered“heavy〞Internetusers,whilethoseonlineanywherefromseveraltimesperweektotwohoursperdaywereconsidered“regular〞users.Theteenagersalsoansweredanumberofhealth-relatedquestions,includingsomestandardquestionsabout“de-pressivetendencies(傾向)〞thatgauge(判定)howoftenapersonfeelssadorhopeless.paredwithregularInternetusers,thestudyfound,kidswhowereheavyusersornon-usersweremorelikelytobedepressedorverydepressed.Amongmaleteens,heavyusersandnon-userswerebotharoundone-thirdmorelikelytohaveahighdepres-sionscore,paredtoregularusers.Amonggirls,heavyInternetusershadan86percentgreaterchanceofdepression,whilenon-usershada46percentgreaterlikelihoodparedtoregularusers.Thatwaswithfactorslikefamilyineandanychronichealthproblemstakenintoaccount.Sinceteenagerstypicallygoonlinetocontactwithfriends,theresearchersspeculate(推想)thatthosewhoareneveronlinemaybemoresociallyisolated.語篇解讀：上網(wǎng)與青少年患抑郁癥沒有必定聯(lián)系，但過度上網(wǎng)和不上網(wǎng)可能導(dǎo)致“抑郁〞。9．Howlongarethosewhoareonlineperdayconsidered“heavy〞Internetusers?A．Morethantwohours. B．Morethaneighthours.C．Morethantwelvehours. D．Morethantenhours.解析：選A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段第一句“Thosewhowereonlinemorethantwohoursperdaywereconsidered‘heavy’Internetusers...〞可知A項(xiàng)正確，每天上網(wǎng)時(shí)間超過兩小時(shí)的人被視為“過度上網(wǎng)者〞。10．What'sthepurposeofDr.Michaudandhiscolleagues'study?A．Toknowtheactualnumberofteenagersonline.B．Toknowtheactualtimeofteenagersonline.C．Toknowtheinfluenceonstudyaboutteenagersonline.D．ToknowtherelationshipbetweentheInternetuseanddepression.解析：選D推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段中的“surveyed7,200individualsaged16to20abouttheirInternetuse〞和接下來的討論結(jié)果表達(dá)可知，Michaud博士和他的同事討論的目的是了解因特網(wǎng)的使用和抑郁癥的關(guān)系。所以選擇D項(xiàng)。11．What'sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“isolated〞inthelastparagraph?A．Independent. B．United.C．Separated. D．Capable.解析：選C詞義猜想題。依據(jù)上文Sinceteenagerstypicallygoonlinetocontactwithfriends“青少年上網(wǎng)主要是為了與伴侶們聯(lián)系〞可知，“那些從來不上網(wǎng)的青少年可能更孤立自閉〞，所以選擇C項(xiàng)separated(別離的，單獨(dú)的)最適宜。12．Accordingtotheaccountsofthesixthparagraph,whatcanweconclude?A．Non-usersofInternetaren'tlikelytobedepressed.B．Amonggirls,heavyInternetusersaremorelikelytosufferdepressionthanregularusers.C．Heavyuserswillleadtodeathunlesslimited.D．Non-usershavemorepossibilitytobedepressedthanheavyusers.解析：選B推理推斷題。依據(jù)本段中的“Amonggirls,heavyInternetusershadan86percentgreaterchanceofdepression...〞可知，女孩當(dāng)中過度上網(wǎng)者患抑郁癥的可能性比正常上網(wǎng)者高86%，故B項(xiàng)正確。Ⅱ.閱讀七選五依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最正確選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。TipsforGreenTravelwithKi