案例中口真題

2002.3

Theoriginoftheword“ic”isunknown,thoughitwasaborrowingfromtheFrench,anditseemsfirst,in1748,tohavesignifiedafashionablesocialentertainmenttowhicheveryonepresentcontributedashare,likeaglorifiedbottle–party.

Thesimplest,mostsensible,kindoficIknowiswherehalfadozenwalkerssitdowninanattractivespottoeatanddrinkwhateverthey’vebeencarryingstuffedintheirpocketsordownthefrontoftheirsweaters.Attheend,theyareheavierinsideandlighteroutside,withnothingleftovertohumpalong,exceptperhapssomeemptybottles.Youneednoimplements,apartfromaknifeandanopener.Itisaprimitive,butconvenient,arrangementwhichcanhappenanywhere,atanytime,ontheroutefromonecetoanother.Everybodyusuallyturnsouttobeoverstockedwithsomeitemwhichcanthenbebarteredarounduntilabalanceddietisachieved.

Itseemstobeonlywhentheichastobestagedinoneparticularspot,asthecenter–pieceofaday’souting,thatitstartsto eanelaborateendurancetest.Ihaverarelymetachildwhodidnotenjoytheidea–andalmostneverafatherwhodidnotdetestit.Theworstceforaicisthebeach.Sandisagreatinfiltratorandsaboteur.Itfursthechildren’shandslikeglovesofgrit,coatsanydroppedtitbitwithitspepperydressing,siltsupthebottomofteacupsandturnsthedentaltesofoldstersintoinstrumentsoftorture.Youcannotstanduporsitdown,reachoverorcrossyourlegs,withoutsendingupavolcaniccloudofitstiny,glittering,rock–sharpfragment.Theonlyadvantagethatcanbeclaimedforsandasaicsurfaceisthatitisgoodtospillthingson.Oneofthejoysoffamilyteaatourlocalseaside,insidethedeck–chaircorralformedbydozingauntsanduncles,waspouringthelastofyourlemonadeontothebleached–whitedustandwatchinghowthebubblesfoamedlikeglassbeadsoverthedark–brown,molten–snakepatterns.

Inthosedays,wealwayshadsandwiches,partly,I,becausethebreadfilledyouupcheaply.Butalsopartlybecauseitssoft,spongy,dampwrapprotectedthefillingsandstoppedthemdroporpopfromtheincrediblyclumsyhandsoftheyoung.Breadisnowout–datedandunmodishasaicstaple.Workingaswellasmiddleclassesnowtendtoreceitwithfruitsandvegetables,cookedmeatsandpackagedcarbohydrates,cheeseandhard–boiledeggs.Thenumberofthingsthathavetobecarriedbytheparentalpack–horseshaveproportionayincreased.

icbymotor–carmeansthat,asyousetout,youhavetheillusionthatthereisnolimittoyourfreightagecapacity.Whynottakethefolding–table,thebarbecueoven,theinsulatedicepack,thedeckchairs,andafewenormous,ceyourfriends mendisinaccessibleonwheels.

Inthe2ndparagraph,thewriter mendsakindofsimpleandsensibleicforallofthefollowingreasonsEXCEPTthat .

youcanchooseanattractivespot

thereisnotmuchtocarrybackafterwards

youneedthesimplestofeatingutensils

emptybottlesareneededforcollectingleftovers

Thewriterconsiderstheonlyadvantageofthebeachasa iccetobethat .

deck–chairsareavailable (B)thereisplentyofroom

(C)foodanddrinkcanbespilled (D)childrenenjoyit

Fromtheparagraphwecandeducethat,duringtheauthor’schildhood,hisfamily .

didnotcarryallthe icequipmentthemselves

hadtheirownprivatebeach

wasnotparticularlywell–off

enjoyedlongwalksalongthebeach.

Breadisnotveryoftentakenon icstodaybecause .

itisanunfashionablefoodfor ickerstoeat

ickersdonotliketobethoughtpoor

itislackinginpropervitamins

itispossibletocarrymorefoodinacar

Theauthorsuggeststhatifyoutravelbycaryou .

wanttotakemorethanyoucancomfortablycarry

havetochoosefrommanydesirablepiecesofluggage

areunlikelytocarryallthatyouneedintheboot

setoffwiththefeelingthatyouarecarryingenough

Extract1

We,theundersigned,writewithreferencetotheHightownLocaln,ConsultativeDraft,March1985,publishedbytheHightowndistrictCouncil.

WhileweunderstandtheneedforaReliefRoadtoeasetheproblemsofincreasingtrafficintheareaasawhole,wewouldliketoexpressourconcernattheproposedroute.AsshownintheConsultativeDraft,theReliefRoadwillcrossFernwoodRoad,GolfcourseWayandHighLane,effectivelycuttinginhalfaprimeresidentialarea.

Asresidentsofthisparticulararea,wefeelobligedtoattheproposalonthefollowinggrounds:

Therewillbeasubstantialincreaseintrafficintheareanotonlywiththethrough–traffic,butalsofromtrafficjoiningtheReliefRoadatthejunctionnnedclosetoFernwoodRoad.

Atpresent,theareainquestionisaquietresidentialarea.WiththeReliefRoadandthevolumeoftrafficenvisaged,thereisnodoubtthat…

Extract2

ItisforeseenthattheReliefRoadwillbeadual,two–lanecarriagewayandthattherewillbejunctionsatFernwoodRoadandatthesouthendofHighLane.Itisfeltthatsucharoadisrequiredtoallowforthegrowthoftrafficenvisagedoverthenexttwentyyearsandthatthisroutewillbeessentialforthrough–trafficjoiningtheHightownBypass.ThustheReliefRoadandtheHightownBypasstogetherwillprovidesubstantialrelieftothetrafficproblemsexperiencedinrecentyearsinthecenterofFernwoodfollowingtheconstructionofthenewContainerPortatHighportin1980.

ItisintendedthatconstructionoftheReliefRoadbebegunin1989.This,however,willbesubjecttoapprovalbyregionalandcentralernment.ThenningCommitteefeelthattheroadisvitaltoaproperdevelopmentoftheareaasawholeandthatthereforedelaysshouldbeavoided.Thusarrangementswillbemade,throughpublicmeetings,fordirectrepresentationstobemadetotheCoucilregardingtheproposals.

Extract3

BothJohnandIhopethatyouareallsettlingdownOK.Youmustwriteandluswhatthenewhouseislike.Bytheway,yourmovewasprobablyagoodthingforyou.We’vejustheardaboutthenewLocalnfor

HightownandhavebeenbusydrummingupsupporttofightaproposaltobringaReliefRoadrightthroughhere.Infact,asfaraswecansee,itwouldhaverunrightalongthebackofyourgardeninGolfcourseWay.IcanjustimaginewhatMikewouldhavehadtosayabouttheprospectofmassivelorriestrundlingpasthisbackgardennightandday!Fortunay,asfarasthensareconcerned,we’renotdirectlyaffected–Imean,theroadwon’tgopastourhouse–butitwillcutthroughtwoorthreeroadshere,whichwillmeanthatwe’dobviouslygetalotmoretrafficthrough

this…

WhichisthemostlikelyendtothefinalsentenceinExtract1“…thereisnodoubtthat…?”

shopkeeperswillflourish. (B)thedistrictwillbeadverselyaffected

(C)otherroadswillbeneeded. (D)itwill eattractivetonewresidents.

Extract2isprobablyfrom .

anofficialnning(B)anapplicationbyafirmofcontractors

(C)apopularnewspaperarticle (D)alettertoacasualacquaintance

ThelanguageofExtract2mightbestbedescribedas .

aggressiveandhard–hitting (B)imalandmatter–of–factly

(C)tentativeandvague (D)friendlyandpersuasive

ItispossiblethatthewritersofExtract1andExtract3 .

havejustmovedintonewhouses (B)havealsowrittenExtract2

(C)workwiththenningcommittee (D)shareacommonview

WhichofthefollowingcanbethemainreasonfortherecenttrafficproblemsatFernwood?

TheconstructionofthenewContainerPort.

TheconstructionoftheReliefRoad.

TheconstructionoftheHightownBypass.

TheconstructionofthenewResidentialArea.

Firstthehamburgerconnection;nowthesongbirdconnection.Thefirstlinkgoeslikethis.CitizensoftheUnitedStatesarehungryforbeef,especiallyintheformoffastfoodssuchashamburgers,frankfurtersandthelike.Yetbeefhasbeenoneofthemostinflationaryitemsintheconsumer’sweeklyshopbasket.

SotheUSernmenthasauthorizedimportsofso–calledcheapbeeffromcentralAmerica—beefraisedonpasturelandsestablishedalmostentirelyatthecostoftropicals.Bytryingtotrimanickeloffthepriceofahamburger,theUShascontributed,albeitunwittinglybuteffectivelyandincreasingly,tothemassivelossofsfromsouthernMexicotoPanama.

Nowthesecondlink.AvastthrongofNorthAmericansongbirdsspendtheirwintersinCentralAmericaandtheCaribbean－abouttwothirdsofallwoodlandandspecies,totalingaroundhalfofalllandbirdsbreedinginNorthAmerica.

Butthemigrantshavebeenrunningintotrouble,accordingtoDrEugeneS.MortonandhiscolleaguesattheSmithsonianInstitutioninWashingtonDC.WhenseveralbillionbirdsleaveNorthAmericaeachautumn,theyfind,onarrivingintheirwinteringgroundsofcentralAmericaandtheCaribbean,thattheirhabitatshavebeensuccumbingtothemacheteandthematch.

Asaresult,fewerbirdsareheadingbackeachspringnorthoftheborder.Smithsonianscientistsnoticethatspeciesnumbersaredecliningatratesbetweenoneandfourpercentayear.Theprospectisthattherewillbemajorreductionsinthrongsof–dwellingmigrants.AccordingtoProfessorJohnTerborghofPrincetonUniversity,“Weare,ineffect,abouttoyobserversinamassiveexperimentinwhichtherewillbedramaticaltionsintherelativepopulationsizesofnumerouscommonspecies.”

Ironically,itispreciselyatthetimeofthesongbirds’returnthatanumberofinsectspeciesarelikewiseputtinginareappearanceinNorthAmerica.Theytendtobeatkeyphasesoftheirlifecycles,aslarvae,etcwhichleavethemunusuallyvulnerabletoinsect–eatingbirds.TheSmithsonianscientistsspeculatethattheinsectpopulationshavethusfarbeenheldbelowlevelsatwhichtheyproveharmfultoagriculturalcrops,throughthepredationpressuresofhugenumbersofsongbirdsreturningoverthehorizonatjustabouttherighttime.If,however,thesongbirdscontinueto

decline,theinsectscould,withintheforeseeablefuture,starttoenjoyapopulationexplosioneveryspring－whichcouldmeanbadnewsforUSfarmers.

Accordingtothearticle,theUSernmenthas .

arrangedforlandinCentralAmericatobecleared

seenamassivefallintheconsumptionofhamburgers

boughtupgrazinglandforcattleinCentralAmerica

madeitpossibleforAmericanstobuymeatatreducedprices

Thearticlesuggeststhat .

about50%ofwinterbirdsaroundtheCaribbeanarefromNorthAmerica

halfthesinCentralAmericahavebeendestroyedinthepastthreedecades

athirdofallNorthAmericanwoodlandbirdsmigratetoCentralAmericaortheCaribbean

verylittlelandintheUnitedStatesisinhabitedbybirds

Theexpression“succumbingtothemacheteandthematch”(Paragraph.5)isametaphorfor

.

beingreturnedtoabalancedecology (B)losingtheirfightagainsttime

(C)beingcutdownandburnt (D)beingploughedintotheground

Whyarethenumbersofbirdsreturningnorthdecliningannually?

TherearefewersintheUSforthemtoreturnto.

Ahugeexperimentisbeingconductedonbirdpopulations.

Tropicalscansupportgreaternumbersnow.

Theirsouthernhabitatisbeingdrasticallyreduced.

Thebadnewsforfarmersinspringmightbeanincreasein .

thenumberofsongbirds (B)thenumberofinsects

(C)thesizeoflarvae (D)thepriceofbeef

Questions16~20

Anyonewhothinksexplorationalwaysinvolveslongjourneysshouldhavehisheadexamined.Orbetterheshouldputonhisoldestclothesandgooffinsearchofajunkshop.Therearethreekinds－onefullofdiscardedbooks,onefullofdiscardedernmentequipment,andonefullofdiscardedanything.Ajunkshopmayhavefourwallsandarooforitmaybenomorethanatrestletableinanopenairmarket;butthereisoneinfallibletest:nogenuinejunkshopkeeperwilleverpesteryoutomakeupyourmindandbuysomething.Andyouarenotruejunkshopperifyoumarchpurposefullyroundtheshopasifyouknewexactlywhatyouwanted.Youmustbrowse,gentlychewingthecudofyouridlethoughts,andnibblinghereandthereatasightoratouchofthegoodsthatlieaboutyou.Yetyoumustalsopossessapenetratingglance,dartingyoureyesaboutyoutospotthetreasuresthatmaylurkbeneaththerubbish.Thisiswhatmakesjunkshopsuchasatisfyingvoyageofexploration.Youneverknowwhatinterestingandunexpectedthingyoumaydiscovernext.Forinatruejunkshop,noteventheproprietorisalwaysquitesurewhathisdustystockconceals.Thereisalwaysthechancethatyoumaypickupafirstedition,apairofexoticear-rings,apieceofearlyWedgwood,oracinecamera－andpossessitforthepriceoffiftycigarettes.

Butthiskindoftreasurehuntisonlyasidelinetothetruejunkshopper.Therealattractionliesinfindingsomethingthatcatchesyourownespecialfancy,thougheverybodyelsemaypassitby.

Whenyoubeginjunkshophalftheattractionisthatyougowithabsoluynointentionofbuyinganything.YouspendyourfirstcoupleofSaturdayafternoons,amblingroundamongdustyshelves,savouringapageorachapterasyouplease,orfingeringthepilesofoddmentsthatlittercountersortables.Atfirst,bewarned,don’ttrytobuy.You

may,indeedyoushould,askthepriceofthisandthat;butjusttogiveyouanideaofwhatthejunkshopkeeperthinksyoumightbewillingtopayhim.

Later,youwillfindyourselfreturningasecondandthirdtimetosomethingwhichhascaughtyourfancy.Andwhenyoucanholdbacknolonger,bargainingbeginsinearnest.Thisistheothergreatattractionofthetruejunkshop.Notonlymayitholdeveryconceivableproductfromeveryimaginablecountry;italsotransportsyoutothemediaevalmarketceortheorientalbazaar,wherenopriceisfixeduntilbuyerandsellerhavewagedafriendlywartogether,andprovedeachother’smettle.Andthisiswhereyouroldclothes eimportant:letnoonetakeyouforarichconnoisseur,oryouwillfindyourselfpayingarichman’sprices.AndavoidatallcoststhesuspicionofanAmericanaccent,orinspiteofthegoodnatureofallgoodjunkshopkeepers,youwillbeforit.

Weunderstandfromthepassagethatagenuinejunkshopisace .

fullofworthlessthings (B)wherenoonebothersyou

(C)whichsellsonlyrubbish (D)wherefewwantstobuy

Thesentence“youmustbrowse,gentlychewingthecudofyouridlethoughts…”(para.1)impliesthatthejunkhunteris .

eatingsweetsashewandersaround

notthinkingofanything

ponderingoverthisandthat

thinkingofmanythingsatthesametime

Theauthorsuggeststhatthemainattractionforbargainingisthatthejunkbuyercould 。

agreeonalowerprice (B)negotiateasubstantialdiscount

(C)enjoyanexoticexperience (D)askafantasticprice

Theexpression“provedeachother’smettle”(para.4)means .

reachedanagreement (B)arguedamicably

(C)testedoneanother (D)showedtheirtrust

FromthepassageweunderstandthatspeakingwithanAmericanaccentwill .

arousesuspicioninthejunkshopkeeper

increasethepriceofthegoods

engenderfriendlinessintheshopkeeper

decreasethechanceofbeingcheated

Questions21~25

On27January1950IwasdueattheAlberthall,London,whereSirBoultwastoconductaprogrammeincludingtheElgarandtheMendelssohnViolinConcert.DianaandIleftNewYorkontheeveningofthetwenty-fifth,withampletime,aswepresumed,tokeepourappointment.Witheveryonesecureinhissafetybelt,theneshotdowntherunway,thenhaltedwithatremendousscreechingofbrakesjustshortoftakeoff.Thiswastwicerepeatedbeforetheshakenpassengerswereunloadedandtoldtoreturntotheairportinthemorning.

NextdaywesetoffforEnglandagain.Tobeginwith,sothickwasNewYorktrafficthatwealmostmissedthene,whichmighthavesavedeveryoneagreatdealoftrouble.Disasteravoided,wetookoffateleven-thirty,andshortlyafterwardsthepilotmadehisrounds.WantingtoreassureDiana,Istoppedhimandsuggestedthattheuntowardsofthedaybeforehadn’tbeentooserious.InthatwonderfulcalmbluffEnglishway,heanswered,“Airneengines,yousee,aremadeupofthousandsofindividualparts,anditisquiteimpossibletolwhenanyoneofthemmayceasetofunction”;withwhichJob’scomforthepassedon.Ashortwhilelateroneofthosemanypartsdidindeedceasetofunction:oilbeganblowingoverthewings,andbackwewenttoIdlewildAirport,asitthenwas.Atthethird

try,laterthatafternoon,wesucceededincrossingtheAtlantic,makingonestoptorefuelinNewfoundlandandanotheratShannonintheIrishRepublic,foroneflewfromlandfalltolandfallinthosedays.

HeretheEnglishweatherblockedfurtherprogress;foghadclosedLondonAirport.Itwasabout6:30a.m.localtimewhenwearrivedatShannon,tooearlytodespairofreachingourdestination.Weephonedmyagent,Haroldholt,andIborrowedanairportofficetopractisein.However,asthehourspassedandtheLondonfogfailedtolift,IgrewanxiousenoughtotrytocharterfromAerLingusanesmallenoughtolandinconditionswhichourbigStratocruisercouldnotcopewith.ForsomereasonAerLinguswasnotallowedtorescueus,soaftermoreendlesshours,wetookoffinthetransatlanticne,firstatthreeforty-five－whentheradiowasfoundtobeoutoforderandwehadtoturnback,then,finally,atfour-fifteen.Allhopesofrehearsinghadlongbeenabandoned,buttheconcertitselfstillseemedsafe.Thefoghadyetacoupleoftricksupitssleeve,however.AftercirclingoverHeathrowafewtimesinavainattempttofindabreakintheblanketbelowhim,thepilotlandedatManstonontheeastcoast.DianaandIweredeliveredtotheearththroughtheluggageshaftinthene’sbelly,hustledthroughcustomsatatrotandthrustintoawaitingcar,whichroaredofftheairfieldwithmostgratifyingdrama.Onefartheron,thegentlefogofthecountrysiderolledtowardusinthick,soft,totallyopaqueclouds,andwecrawledtherestofthewayathardlymorethanwalkingspeed,Dianashiveringintheunheatedcar.

Afterthent’sfirstattemptstotakeoff,theauthorandhiswifewereaskedtocomebackon .

25thJanuary (B)26thJanuary

(C)27thJanuary (D)28thJanuary

Thepilot’sremarks,shortlyaftertakingofffromNewYork, .

provedquiteinaccurate

ledtotheirreturningtoIdlewild

referredtotheirpreviousdisastrousflight

werenothelpfultoeaseDiana’sdistress

WhentheyarrivedinIrelandat6:30,theauthorandhiswife .

werestillhotoreachLondonintimetorehearse

charteredasmallnewhichcouldlandinfog

werelatefortheirconnectionflight

werefeelingabsoluydesperate

WhathappenedwhentheyfinallylandedatManston?

TheywereheldupgoingthroughCustoms.

Thefogimmediaycamedownthicker.

Theyweregivenspecialtreatment.

Theircarcrawledbecauseofanenginefault.

Itbeconcludedfromthepassagethattheauthorwas .

arichmantakinghiswifetoseeaspecialconcert.

aconductorwhohadtobeinLondontogiveaconcert

aviolinistgoingtoyinaconcertinLondon.

anAmericanmusicalagentwhohadanappointmentwithSirBoult

Questions26~30AChiropodist

Ifyoucantoleratesmellyfeet,thepublicbeliefthatyouareonlyacorncutterand,toquoteonechiropodist,“theblue－rinsedmatronswhobelievethattheycangetawaywithputtingsizeeightfeetintosizefivewinklepickers”,this

isoneofthemoreattractivepara-medicalcareers.Thereisanationwideshortageofqualifiedpeople:ahighprofessionalretirementrateinthenearfuture,growingpublicconsciousnessoffootcare,andthenationalcrazeforjoggingarelikelytoincreaseopportunitiesoverthenextdecade.Chiropodiststreatfeet,prescribethenecessaryappliancesandsometimesmakethem,thoughanythingbutthemostminorsurgerymustbeperformedbyadoctor.

Occupationalthe

“Ican’tsew,knit,drawormakecuddlytoys,”saidoneoccupationalthedesperay.Theprofessionstillsuffersfromitshistoricalassociationswithbasketworkinbleakroomsinwhoarehandicappedorrecoveringfromseriousmentalorphysicalillness(includingalcoholismordrugdependence)toadapttonormallife.Aswellasdevisingcoursestoexercisebodyandmind,occupationalthesteachpeoplehowtoliveinwheelchairsortoworkwithonearm.Theyaremoreconcernedwithoperatingwashingmachines,cookersandlathesthanwithknittingneedles.

Veterinarysurgeon

Veterinaryscienceisoneofthemostcompetitivesubjectsforuniversityentry－afewyearsago,therewerefiveapplicantsforeachofthe335annualces.Buttheworktogetthereisnothingtowhat’sinvolvedinthefiveorsix-yearcourseitself.Manystudentsareshockedbythesheervolumeoffacts.Rememberthat,whiledoctorsspecializeinparticularbranchesofhumanmedicine,vetsmustcoverallaspectsofahugevarietyoflivingorganisms.Thatistheattraction,aswellasthedifficultyofthejob.“Icanbediagnostician,physician,surgeon,radiographerandall,followingthecasethroughfromstarttofinish.”Saidonevet.

Dietitian

Dieteticsisarisingprofession,whichhas emoreauthoritative,vocalandself-confidentoverthe