2023新課標版英語高考第二輪復(fù)習(xí)-十　主旨要義(一)

2023新課標版英語高考第二輪復(fù)習(xí)

專題十主旨要義

五年高考

A組統(tǒng)一命題?課標全國卷題組

Passage1（2022全國甲,B）詞數(shù)285

Goffin'scockatoos,akindofsmallparrotnativetoAustralasia,havebeenshowntohavesimilarshape-recognitionabilitiestoa

humantwo-year-old.Thoughnotknowntousetoolsinthewild,thebirdshaveprovedskilfulattoolusewhilekeptinthecage.Ina

recentexperiment,cockatooswerepresentedwithaboxwithanutinsideit.Theclearfrontoftheboxhada“keyhole“inageometric

shape,andthebirdsweregivenfivedifferentlyshaped"keys"tochoosefrom.Insertingthecorrect"key"wouldletoutthenut.

Inhumans,babiescanputaroundshapeinaroundholefromaroundoneyearofage,butitwillbeanotheryearbeforetheyare

abletodothesamewithlesssymmetrical（對稱的）shapes.Thisabilitytorecognizethatashapewillneedtobeturnedinaspecific

directionbeforeitwillfitiscalledan4tallocentricframeofreference^.Intheexperiment,Goffin'scockatooswereabletoselectthe

righttoolforthejob,inmostcases,byvisualrecognitionalone.Wheretrial-and-errorwasused,thecockatoosdidbetterthanmonkeys

insimilartests.ThisindicatesthatGoffin'scockatoosdoindeedpossessanallocentricframeofreferencewhenmovingobjectsin

space,similartotwo-year-oldbabies.

Thenextstep,accordingtotheresearchers,istotryandworkoutwhetherthecockatoosrelyentirelyonvisualclues（線索）,or

alsouseasenseoftouchinmakingtheirshapeselections.

l.Howdidthecockatoosgetthenutfromtheboxintheexperiment?

A.Byfollowinginstructions.

B.Byusingatool.

C.Byturningtheboxaround.

D.Byremovingthelid.

2.Whichtaskcanhumanone-year-oldsmostlikelycompleteaccordingtothetext?

A.Usingakeytounlockadoor.

B.Tellingparrotsfromotherbirds.

C.Puttingaballintoaroundhole.

D.Groupingtoysofdifferentshapes.

3.Whatdoesthefollow-uptestaimtofindoutaboutthecockatoos?

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A.Howfartheyareabletosee.

B.Howtheytrackmovingobjects.

C.Whethertheyarcsmarterthanmonkeys.

0.Whethertheyuseasenseoftouchinthetest.

4.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.Cockatoos:QuickErrorCheckers

B.CockatoosindependentLearners

C.Cockatoos:CleverSignal-Readers

D.Cockatoos:SkilfulShape-Sorters

答案

l.B2.C3.D4.D

Passage2（2021全國乙,o詞數(shù)309

You'veheardthatplasticispollutingtheoceans—between4.8and12.7milliontonnesenteroceanecosystemseveryyear.But

doesoneplasticstraworcupreallymakeadifference?ArtistBenjaminVonWongwantsyoutoknowthatitdoes.Hebuildsmassive

sculpturesoutofplasticgarbage,forcingviewerstore-examinetheirrelationshiptosingle-useplasticproducts.

Atthebeginningoftheyear,theartistbuiltapiececalled^Strawpocalypsc/'apairof1O-foot-tallplasticwaves,frozenmid-crash.

Madeof168,000plasticstrawscollectedfromseveralvolunteerbeachcleanups,thesculpturemadeitsfirstappearanceattheEstella

PlaceshoppingcenterinHoChiMinhCity,Vietnam.

Just9%ofglobalplasticwasteisrecycled.Plasticstrawsarebynomeansthebiggestsource（來源）ofplasticpollution,but

they'verecentlycomeunderfirebecausemostpeopledon'tneedthemtodrinkwithand,becauseoftheirsmallsizeandweight,they

cannotberecycled.Everystrawthat'spartofVonWong'sartworklikelycamefromadrinkthatsomeoneusedforonlyafew

minutes.Oncethedrinkisgone,thestrawwilltakecenturiestodisappear.

Inapiecefrom2018,VonWongwantedtoillustrate（說明）aspecificstatistic:Every60seconds,atruckload'sworthofplastic

enterstheocean.Forthiswork,titled“TruckloadofPlastic,VonWongandagroupofvolunteerscollectedmorethan10,000pieces

ofplastic,whichwerethentiedtogethertolooklikethey'dbeendumped（?if?ij）fromatruckallatonce.

VonWonghopesthathisworkwillalsohelppressurebigcompaniestoreducetheirplasticfootprint.

l.WhatareVonWong'sartworksintendedfor?

A.Bcautifyingthecityhelivesin.

B.Introducingeco-friendlyproducts.

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C.Drawingpublicattentiontoplasticwaste.

D.Reducinggarbageonthebeach.

2.Whydocstheauthordiscussplasticstrawsinparagraph3?

A.Toshowthedifficultyoftheirrecycling.

B.Toexplainwhytheyareuseful.

C.Tovoicehisviewsonmodernart.

D.Tofindasubstituteforthem.

3.Whateffectwould"TruckloadofPlastic"haveonviewers?

A.Calming.B.Disturbing.

C.Refreshing.D.Challenging.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.Artists*OpinionsonPlasticSafety

B.MediaInterestinContemporaryArt

C.ResponsibilityDemandedofBigCompanies

D.OceanPlasticsTransformedintoSculptures

答案

l.C2.A3.B4.D

Passage3（2021全國甲,D）詞數(shù)314

Whoisagenius?Thisquestionhasgreatlyinterestedhumankindforcenturies.

Let'sstateclcarIy:Einstcinwasagenius.Hisfaceisalmosttheinternationalsymbolforgenius.Butwewanttogobeyondone

manandexplorethenatureofgeniusitself.Whyisitthatsomepeoplearesomuchmoreintelligentorcreativethantherestofus?And

whoarethey?

Inthesciencesandarts,thosepraisedasgeniusesweremostoftenwhitemen,ofEuropeanorigin.Perhapsthisisnotasurprise.

It'ssaidthathistoryiswrittenbythevictors,andthosevictorssetthestandardsfbradmissiontothegeniusclub.Whencontributions

weremadebygeniusesoutsidetheclub—women,orpeopleofadifferentcolororbelief-theywereunacknowledgedandrejectedby

others.

AstudyrecentlypublishedbySciencefoundthatasyoungasagesix,girlsarelesslikelythanboystosaythatmembersoftheir

gender（性別）areureally,reallysmart."Evenworse,thestudyfoundthatgirlsactonthatbelief:Aroundagesixtheystarttoavoid

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activitiessaidtobefbrchildrenwhoare"really,reallysmart.^Canourplanetaffordtohaveanygreatthinkersbecomediscouraged

andgiveup?Itdoesn'ttakeageniustoknowtheanswer:absolutelynot.

Here'sthegoodnews.Inawiredworldwithconstantglobalcommunication,we'reallpositionedtoseeflashesofgenius

wherevertheyappear.Andthemorewelook,themorewewillsecthatsocialfactors（因素）1ikegender,race,andclassdonot

determinetheappearanceofgenius.Asawritersays,futuregeniusescomefromthosewith^intelligence,creativity,perseverance（毅

力）,andsimplegoodfortune,whoareabletochangetheworld.^^

l.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofvictors1standardsforjoiningthegeniusclub?

A.They'reunfair.

B.TheyYeconservative.

C.TheyYeobjective.

D.Thcy'rcstrict.

2.WhatcanweinferaboutgirlsfromthestudyinScience?

A.Theythinkthemselvessmart.

B.Theylookuptogreatthinkers.

C.Thcyseegenderdifferencesearlierthanboys.

D.Theyarelikelytobeinfluencedbysocialbeliefs.

3.Whyaremoregeniusesknowntothepublic?

A.Improvedglobalcommunication.

B.Lessdiscriminationagainstwomen.

C.Acceptanceofvictors'concepts.

D.Changesinpeople'ssocialpositions.

4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.GcniusesThinkAlike

B.GeniusTakesManyForms

C.GeniusandIntelligence

D.GeniusandLuck

答案

l.A2.D3.A4.B

Passage4（2020課標全國i,D）詞數(shù)351

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Theconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientificresearch.Recentstudieshavefoundpositive

effects.AstudyconductedinYoungstown,Ohio,fbrexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.In

another,employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.

TheengineersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology（MIT）havetakenitastepfurther-changingtheactualcompositionof

plantsinordertogetthemtoperformdiverse,evenunusualfunctions.Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontotheirleaves

toshowwhenthey'reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater.uWe*rethinkingabouthowwecan

engineerplantstoreplacefunctionsofthethingsthatwcuseeveryday「explainedMichaelStrano,aprofessorofchemical

engineeringalMIT.

Oneofhislatestprojectshasbeentomakeplantsglow（發(fā)光）inexperimentsusingsomecommonvegetables.Strano'steamfound

thattheycouldcreateafaintlightforthree-and-a-halfhours.Thelight,aboutone-thousandthoftheamountneededtoreadby,isjusta

start.Thetechnology,Stranosaid,couldonedaybeusedtolighttheroomsoreventoturntreesintoself-poweredstreetlamps.

Inthefuture,theteamhopestodevelopaversionofthetechnologythatcanbesprayedontoplantleavesinaone-offtreatment

thatwouldlasttheplanfslifetime.Theengineersarealsotryingtodevelopanonandoff“switch“wheretheglowwouldfadewhen

exposedtodaylight.

Lightingaccountsfbrabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.Sincelightingisoftenfarremovedfromthepower

source（電源）一suchasthedistancefromapowerplanttostreetlampsonaremotehighway—alotofenergyislostduring

transmission（傳輸）.Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.

l.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Anewstudyofdifferentplants.

B.Abigfallincrimerates.

C.Employeesfromvariousworkplaces.

D.Benefitsfromgreenplants.

2.WhatisthefunctionofthesensorsprintedonplantleavesbyMITengineers?

A.Todetectplants'lackofwater.

B.Tochangecompositionsofplants.

C.Tomakethelifeofplantslonger.

D.Totestchemicalsinplants.

3.Whatcanweexpectoftheglowingplantsinthefuture?

A.Theywillspeedupenergyproduction.

B.Theymaytransmitelectricitytothehome.

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C.Theymighthelpreduceenergyconsumption.

D.Theycouldtaketheplaceofpowerplants.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.Canwegrowmoreglowingplants?

B.Howdowelivewithglowingplants?

C.Couldglowingplantsreplacelamps?

D.Howarcglowingplantsmadepollution-free?

答案

l.D2.A3.C4,C

Passage5（2020課標全國n,B）詞數(shù)261

Someparentswillbuyanyhigh-techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild,butresearcherssaidpuzzleshelpchildrenwith

math-relatedskills.

PsychologistSusanLevine,anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoungchildrenattheUniversityofChicago,found

childrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificant

predictorofcognilion（認知）aftercontrollingfordifferencesinparents1income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.

Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingsof53child-parentpairsduringeverydayactivitiesathomeandfoundchildrenwho

playwithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillswhenassessedat54monthsofage.

“Thechildrenwhoplayedwithpuzzlesperformedbetterthanthosewhodidnot,ontasksthatassessedtheirabilitytorotate（旋轉(zhuǎn)）

andtranslateshapes/'Levinesaidinastatement.

Theparentswereaskedtointeractwiththeirchildrenastheynormallywould,andabouthalfofthechildreninthestudyplayed

withpuzzlesatonetime.Higher-incomeparentstendedtohavechildrenplaywithpuzzlesmorefrequently,andbothboysandgirls

whoplayedwithpuzzleshadbetterspatialskills.However,boystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls,andtheparents

ofboysprovidedmorespatiallanguageandweremoreactiveduringpuzzleplaythantheparentsofgirls.

ThefindingswerepublishedinthejournalDevelopmentalScience.

1.Inwhichaspectdochildrenbenefitfrompuzzleplay?

A.Buildingconfidence.

B.Developingspatialskills.

C.Learningself-control.

0.Gaininghigh-techknowledge.

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2.WhatdidLevinetakeintoconsiderationwhendesigningherexperiment?

A.Parents'age.

B.Childrcn'simagination.

C.Parents'education.

D.Child-parentrelationship.

3.Howdoboysdifferfromgirlsinpuzzleplay?

A.Thcyplaywithpuzzlesmoreoften.

B.Theytendtotalklessduringthegame.

C.Theyprefertousemorespatiallanguage.

D.Theyarelikelytoplaywithtougherpuzzles.

4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Amathematicalmethod.

B.Ascientificstudy.

C.Awomanpsychologist.

D.Ateachingprogram.

答案

l.B2.C3.D4.B

Passage6（2019課標全國I,D）詞數(shù)370

Duringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool（小學(xué)），Ienjoyedsharingmydollsandjokes,whichallowedmetokeepmyhigh

socialstatus.Iwasthequeenoftheplayground.Thencamemytweensandteens,andmeangirlsandcoolkids.Theyroseintheranks

notbybeingfriendlybutbysmokingcigarettes,breakingrulesandplayingjokesonothers,amongwhomIsoonfoundmyself.

Popularityisawell-exploredsubjectinsocialpsychology.MitchPrinstein,aprofessorofclinicalpsychologysortsthepopular

intotwocategories:thelikableandthestatusseekers.Thelikables'plays-well-with-othersqualitiesstrengthenschoolyardfriendships,

jump-startinterpersonalskillsand.whentappedearly,arcemployedeverafterinlifeandwork.Thenthere'sthekindofpopularitythat

appearsinadolescence:statusbomofpowerandevendishonorablebehavior.

Enviableasthecoolkidsmayhaveseemed,Dr.Prinstein^studiesshowunpleasantconsequences.Thosewhowerehighestin

statusinhighschool,aswellasthoseleastlikedinelementaryschool,arel4mostlikelytoengage（從事）indangerousandrisky

behavior.”

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Inonestudy,Dr.Prinsteinexaminedthetwotypesofpopularityin235adolescents,scoringtheleastliked,themostlikedandthe

highestinstatusbasedonstudentsurveys（調(diào)查研究）.“Wefoundthattheleastwell-likedteenshadbecomemoreaggressiveovertime

towardtheirclassmates.Butsohadthosewhowerehighinstatus.Itclearlyshowedthatwhilelikabilitycanleadtohealthy

adjustment,highstatushasjusttheoppositeeffectonus.”

Dr.Prinsteinhasalsofoundthatthequalitiesthatmadetheneighborswantyouonaplaydate—sharing,kindness,

openness-carryovertolateryearsandmakeyoubetterabletorelateandconnectwithothers.

Inanalyzinghisandotherresearch,Dr.Prinsteincametoanotherconclusion:Notonlyislikabilityrelatedtopositivelife

outcomes,butitisalsoresponsiblefbrthoseoutcomes,too."Beinglikedcreatesopportunitiesforlearningandfornewkindsoflife

experiencesthathelpsomebodygainanadvantage,^hesaid.

l.Whatsortofgirlwastheauthorinherearlyyearsofelementaryschool?

A.Unkind.B.Lonely.

C.Generous.D.Cool.

2.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Theclassificationofthepopular.

B.Thccharacteristicsofadolescents.

C.Theimportanceofinterpersonalskills.

D.Thecausesofdishonorablebehavior.

3.WhatdidDr.Prinstein'sstudyfindaboutthemostlikedkids?

A.Thcyappearedtobeaggressive.

B.Theytendedtobemoreadaptable.

C.Theyenjoyedthehigheststatus.

D.Theyperformedwellacademically.

4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.BeNice一YouWon'tFinishLast

B.TheHighertheStatus,theBetter

C.BetheBest-YouCanMakeIt

D.MoreSelf-Control,LessAggressiveness

答案

l.C2.A3.B4.A

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Passage7(20i9課標全國n,c)詞數(shù)348

MarianBechtelsitsatWestPalmBeach'sBarLouiecounterbyherself,quietlyreadinghere-bookasshewaitsfbrhersalad.

Whatisshercading?Noncofyourbusiness!LunchisBcchtcVs"me"time.AndlikemoreAmericans,she'snotalone.

Anewreportfound46percentofmealsareeatenaloneinAmerica.Morethanhalf(53percent)havebreakfastaloneandnearly

half(46percent)havelunchbythemselves.Onlyatdinnertimeareweeatingtogetheranymore,74percent,accordingtostatisticsfrom

thereport.

“Iprefertogooutandbeout.Alone,buttogether,youknow?,,Bcchtclsaid,lookingupfromherbook.Bcchtcl,whoworksin

downtownWestPalmBeach,haslunchwithcoworkerssometimes,butlikemanyofus,toooftenworksthroughlunchatherdesk.A

lunchtimeescapeallowshertokeepabossfromtappingherontheshoulder.Shereturnstoworkfeelingenergized."Today,Ijust

wantedsometimetomyselp'shesaid.

Justtwoseatsover,AndrewMazolcny,alocalvideographer,isfinishinghislunchatthebar.Helikesthathecansitandcheck

hisphoneinpeaceorchatupthebarkeeperwithwhomhe'sonafirst-namebasisifhewantstohavealittleinteraction(交割。.”I

reflectonhowmyday'sgoneandthinkabouttherestoftheweek,“hesaid."It'sachancefbrself-reflection.Youreturntowork

rechargedandwithaplan.”

Thatfreedomtochooseisonereasonmorepeopleliketoeatalone.Therewasatimewhenpeoplemayhavefeltawkwardabout

askingforatabicfbrone,butthosedaysarcover.Now,wehaveoursmartphonestokeepuscompanyatthetabic."Itdoesn'tfeelas

aloneasitmayhavebeforealltheadvancesintechnology,''saidLaurieDemeritt,whosecompanyprovidedthestatisticsforthereport.

l.Whatarethestatisticsinparagraph2about?

A.Foodvariety.

B.Eatinghabits.

C.Tablemanners.

D.Restaurantservice.

2.WhydoesBechtelprefertogooutforlunch?

A.Tomeetwithhercoworkers.

B.Tocatchupwithherwork.

C.Tohavesometimeonherown.

D.Tocollectdataforherreport.

3.WhatdoweknowaboutMazoleny?

A.Hemakesvideosfbrthebar.

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B.He'sfondofthefoodatthebar.

C.Hcinterviewscustomersatthebar.

D.He'sfamiliarwiththebarkeeper.

4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Thetrendofhavingmealsalone.

B.Thcimportanceofseif-rcflection.

C.Thestressfromworkingovertime.

D.Theadvantageofwirelesstechnology.

答案

l.B2.C3.D4.A

Passage8（2018課標全國i,B）詞數(shù)264

GoodMorningBritain'sSusannaReidisusedtogrillingguestsonthesofaeverymorning,butsheiscookingupastorminher

latestrole—showingfamilieshowtopreparedeliciousandnutritiousmealsonatightbudget.

InSaveMoney:GoodFood,shevisitsadifferenthomeeachweekandwiththehelpofchefMattTebbuttofferstoptipsonhow

toreducefoodwaste,whilepreparingrecipesforunder￡5perfamilyaday.AndtheGoodMorningBritainpresentersaysshe'sbeen

abletoputalotofwhatshe'slearntintopracticeinherownhome,preparingmealsforsons,Sam.14,Finn.13,andJack,11.

“WcloveMexicanchurros,soIbuythemonmyphonefrommylocalMexicantakeawayrestaurant,^sheexplains.441pay￡5for

aporlion（一份）,butMattmakesthemfor26paportion,becausetheyareflour,water,sugarandoil.Everybodycanbuytakeaway

food,butsometimeswe'renotawarehowcheaplywecanmakethisfoodourselves.”

Theeight-partseries（系歹ij節(jié)目），SaveMoney:GoodFood,followsinthefootstepsofITV'sSaveMoney:GoodHealth,which

gaveviewersadviceonhowtogetvaluefromthevastrangeofhealthprcxluctsonthemarket.

Withfoodourbiggestweeklyhouseholdexpense,SusannaandMattspendtimewithadifferentfamilyeachweek.Intonight's

Easterspecialtheycometotheaidofafamilyinneedofsomedeliciousinspirationonabudget.Theteamtransformsthefamily'slong

weekendofcelebrationwithlessexpensivebutstilltastyrecipes.

1.WhatdoweknowaboutSusannaReid?

A.Sheenjoysembarrassingherguests.

B.Shehasstartedanewprogramme.

C.Shcdislikesworkingearlyinthemorning.

D.Shehashadatightbudgetforherfamily.

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2.HowdoesMattTebbutthelpSusanna?

A.Hebuyscookingmaterialsforher.

B.Hcpreparesfoodforherkids.

C.Heassistsherincookingmatters.

D.Heinvitesguestfamiliesforher.

3.Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoinparagraph4?

A.Summarizcthepreviousparagraphs.

B.Providesomeadvicefbrthereaders.

C.Addsomebackgroundinformation.

□.Introduceanewtopicfbrdiscussion.

4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.KeepingFitbyEatingSmart

B.BalancingOurDailyDiet

C.MakingYourselfaPerfectChef

D.CookingWellforLess

答案

l.B2.C3.C4.D

Passage9（2o18課標全國n,c）詞數(shù)294

Teensandyoungerchildrenarereadingalotlessforfun,accordingtoaCommonSenseMediareportpublishedMonday.

Whilethedeclineoverthepastdecadeissteepforteenreaders,somedatainthereportshowsthatreadingremainsabigpartof

manychildren'slives,andindicateshowparentsmighthelpencouragemorereading.

Accordingtothereport'skeyfindings,“theproportion（比仞U）whosaythey"hardlyever*readfbrfunhasgonefrom8percentof

13-year-oldsand9percentof17-year-oldsin1984to22percentand27percentrespectivelytoday.”

Thereportdatashowsthatpleasurereadinglevelsforyoungerchildren,ages2—8,remainlargelythesame.Buttheamountof

timespentinreadingeachsessionhasdeclined,fromclosertoanhourormoretoclosertoahalfhourpersession.

Whenitcomestotechnologyandreading,thereportdoeslittletocounsel（建議）parentslookingfordataabouttheeffectof

e-readersandtabletsonreading.Itdoespointoutthatmanyparentsstilllimitelectronicreading,mainlyduetoconcernsabout

increasedscreentime.

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Themosthopefuldatasharedinthereportshowsclearevidenceofparentsservingasexamplesandimportantguidesfortheir

kidswhenitcomestoreading.Datashowsthatkidsandteenswhodoreadfrequently,comparedtoinfrequentreaders,havemore

booksinthehome,morebookspurchasedforthem,parentswhoreadmoreoften,andparentswhosetasidetimeforthemtoread.

Astheendofschoolapproaches,andschoolvacationreadinglistsloom（逼近）ahead,parentsmighttakethischancetostepin

andmaketheirownsummerreadinglistandplanafamilytriptothelibraryorbookstore.

l.WhatistheCommonSenseMediareportprobablyabout?

A.Childrcn'sreadinghabits.

B.Qualityofchildren'sbooks.

C.Children'safter-classactivities.

D.Parent-childrelationships.

2.Wherecanyoufindthedatathatbestsupports“childrenarcreadingalotlessfbrfun,,7

A.Inparagraph2.B.Inparagraph3.

C.Inparagraph4.D.lnparagraph5.

3.Whydomanyparentslimitelectronicreading?

A.E-booksareofpoorquality.B.Itcouldbeawasteoftime.

C.Itmayharmchildren'shealth.D.E-readersareexpensive.

4.Howshouldparentsencouragetheirchildrentoreadmore?

A.Actasrolemodelsforthem.

B.Askthemtowritebookreports.

C.Setupreadinggroupsforthem.

D.Talkwiththeirreadingclassteachers.

答案

l.A2.B3.C4.A

B組新高考卷'省（區(qū)'市）卷題組

Passage1（2022新高考I,D）詞數(shù)373

Humanspeechcontainsmorethan2,000differentsounds,fromthecommon"m"and"a"totherareclicksofsomesouthern

Africanlanguages.Butwhyarecertainsoundsmorecommonthanothers?Aground-breaking,five-yearstudyshowsthatdiet-related

changesinhumanbiteledtonewspeechsoundsthatarenowfoundinhalftheworld'slanguages.

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Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnotedthatspeechsoundscalledlabiodentals,suchas'f'and"v",weremore

commoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofterfoods.NowateamofresearchersledbyDaminBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,

Switzerland,hasfoundhowandwhythistrendarose.

Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned（對齊）,makingithardtoproduce

labicxlentals,whichareformedbytouchingthelowerlip（嘴唇）totheupperteeth.Later,ourjawschangedtoanoverbitestructure,

makingiteasiertoproducesuchsounds.

TheteamshowedthatthischangeinbitewasconnectedwiththedevelopmentofagricultureintheNeolithicperiod.Food

becameeasiertochewatthispoint.Thejawbonedidn'thavetodoasmuchworkandsodidn'tgrowtobesolarge.

AnalysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobalchangeinthesoundofworldlanguagesaftertheNeolithic

age,withtheuseofandincreasingremarkablyduringthelastfewthousandyears.Thesesoundsarestillnotfoundinthe

languagesofmanyhunter-gathererpeopletoday.

Thisresearchoverturnsthepopularviewthatallhumanspeechsoundswerepresentwhenhumanbeingsevolved（進化）around

300,000yearsago."Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnotnecessarilyremainedstablesincetheappearanceofhumanbeings,but

ratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatwefindtodayistheproductofacomplexinterplayofthingslikebiologicalchangeand

culturalevolution,saidStevenMoran,amemberoftheresearchteam.

1.WhichaspectofthehumanspeechsounddoesDaminBlasi'sresearchfocuson?

A.Itsvariety.B.ltsdistribution.

C.Itsquantity.D.Itsdevelopment.

2.Whywasitdifficultforancienthumanadultstoproducelabiodentals?

A.Theyhadfewerupperteeththanlowerteeth.

B.Theycouldnotopenandclosetheirlipseasily.

C.Theirjawswerenotconvenientlystructured.

D.Thcirlowerfrontteethwerenotlargeenough.

3.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?

A.Supportingevidencefortheresearchresults.

B.Potentialapplicationoftheresearchfindings.

C.Afurtherexplanationoftheresearchmethods.

D.Areasonabledoubtabouttheresearchprocess.

4.WhatdoesStevenMoransayaboutthesetofhumanspeechsounds?

A.Itiskeytoeffectivecommunication.

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B.Itcontributesmuchtoculturaldiversity.

C.Itisacomplexanddynamicsystem.

D.Itdrivestheevolutionofhumanbeings.

答案

l.D2.C3.A4.C

Passage2（2022新高考n,c）詞數(shù)305

Overthelastsevenyears,moststateshavebannedtextingbydrivers,andpublicservicecampaignshavetriedawiderangeof

methodstopersuadepeopletoputdowntheirphoneswhentheyarebehindthewheel.