英語(yǔ)議論文開頭段的寫法

Questionsin

TaskTwo

1.Discuss(advantage&disadvantage)2.Youropinion(agreeordisagree)3.Problems+reasons+solution2021/5/91FiveTypesofQuestionsin

TaskTwoDiscussionProblems+Reasons+RecommendationsYouropinionAgreeorDisagreeAdvantagesanddisadvantages2021/5/921.Discussion此類文章的寫作任務(wù)是要求考生對(duì)某一觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行討論,其標(biāo)志性語(yǔ)言就是通常會(huì)出現(xiàn)的discuss這個(gè)詞.列如:Somepeoplethinkthatusinganimalsforexperimentationpurposeiscruel,butotherpeoplethinkthatitisnecessaryforthedevelopmentofscience.Discussbothviewsandgiveyouropinion.Somepeoplethinkthatgoodhealthisabasichumanneed,sothemedicalserviceshouldnotberunbyprofit-makingcompanies.Doyouthinkthedisadvantagesofprivatehealthcareoutweightheadvantages?2021/5/93Discussion

解題思路:

這種題型可以參考以下兩種寫法

A.一邊倒明確表明贊同一方+論證支持

B.兩方面作者可以從兩個(gè)方面來(lái)論述,結(jié)尾段可以為正,反或者折中,但是建議結(jié)尾觀點(diǎn)與主體末段觀點(diǎn)一致.這樣使文章渾然一體比較有說(shuō)服力.

2021/5/94Discussion寫作策略:首段:情景介紹，說(shuō)明寫作意圖主題段落：必須要有兩個(gè)以上的分支觀點(diǎn),每段對(duì)一個(gè)分支觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行論述,主題句應(yīng)該是每段的第一句話.盡量采用平衡的結(jié)構(gòu).結(jié)論:Ａ．一種是走向折中，并不表態(tài)Ｂ．另一種是一邊倒2021/5/95Discussion文章主題段落可以如下安排:

a.正反反(結(jié)尾)b.反正正(結(jié)尾)c.正反折中(結(jié)尾)d.反正折中(結(jié)尾)2021/5/96溫馨提示:1.不用猜測(cè)考官喜歡什么觀點(diǎn),主要是考生能夠自圓其說(shuō).2.結(jié)尾段提出論點(diǎn)即可.2021/5/972.Problems+reasons+recommendations該類題型的目的是解釋原因并提出解決措施.例如:1.Inmostpartsofheworld,thevolumeoftrafficisgrowingatanalarmingrate.Discussmaintrafficproblemsinyourcountry,theircausesandpossiblesolutions.2.

Inmanycitiesandallovertheworld,thereisaseriousshortageofwatersupplies.Whatarethecausesandsolutionstothescarcityofwaterresource?2021/5/982.Problems+reasons+recommendations題目特點(diǎn):A.giveyouropinionsandgivesomerecommendationsB.givesomereasonsandmakesomesuggestions.解題思路:在分析事情原因的基礎(chǔ)上,提出解決方案或建議段落安排首段:現(xiàn)象描述主題段落：說(shuō)明出現(xiàn)這一現(xiàn)象的理由或者該現(xiàn)象的具體體現(xiàn)形式結(jié)論:提出建議和措施2021/5/992.Problems+reasons+recommendations溫馨提示:最后提出的建議和措施不能是寫一點(diǎn)，建議和措施是針對(duì)主體段落來(lái)展開的，主題段落中通常不會(huì)只陳述一個(gè)理由或說(shuō)明一種體現(xiàn)形式，相應(yīng)的結(jié)尾段也不可能只有一點(diǎn)建議，至少兩點(diǎn)．2021/5/9102.Problems+reasons+recommendations1.

Manydriversdonotobeyregulation．2.

Thereisairpollutionandnoisepollution3.

Everydaytherearemanytrafficjams

a.toissuestrictertrafficlawsandregulationsb.toraisethepublicawarenessofthetrafficregulationsc.

toencouragemorepeopletousetransportationMORETHANONEProblemsoftrafficsolutions2021/5/9113.Youropinion此類文章是要求考生對(duì)某一現(xiàn)象或觀點(diǎn)表明自己的看法和觀點(diǎn).

例如:1.Manypeoplethinkthatnowadayspeoplearebeingsubjectedtomoreandmorepressureintheirwork,andthusarehavinglessandlesstimetorelax.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree?2.Somepeoplethinkthattheanimalsshouldbetreatedaspets;othersthinkthatanimalsaresourcesoffoodandclothing.Whatisyouropinion?

2021/5/9123.Youropinion1.題目特點(diǎn):Expressyouropinionabout…Howdoyouthinkabout…What’syouropinionabout…

（你的觀點(diǎn)）2.寫作策略首段:明確表態(tài)，讓閱卷人知道你贊同的觀點(diǎn)是什么．主題段落：一邊倒的寫法,從單方面論述,用具體的理由支持所提出的觀點(diǎn).結(jié)尾段:重申首段的觀點(diǎn)，最好換一種表達(dá)方式，不要對(duì)手段進(jìn)行機(jī)械的重復(fù)．2021/5/9133.Youropinion溫馨提示:1.

開門一定要見山2.

盡量采用兩個(gè)方面去寫，做到有主有次；最好不要一邊倒。3.如果有讓步段,在篇幅上,你支持的觀點(diǎn)要明顯多于你讓步的觀點(diǎn).2021/5/914Howtowriteintroductorypart??2021/5/9152021/5/916in-classexercise(2)Itistothebenefitofthesocietyforfamilyunitstolivetogether,includingtheoldergeneration.Whatisyourviewonthismatter?

"Youropinion?"類

Youwillbegiven10minstoaccomplishtheintroductorypartaboutthetopicabove.2021/5/917in-classexercise(2)Discusswithyourpartnerabouttheintroductoryparagraphyouhavewrittenjustnow.Youcanrefertothefollowing2021/5/918in-classexercise(2)Discusswithyourpartnerabouttheintroductoryparagraphyouhavewrittenjustnow.Youcanrefertothefollowing2021/5/919IntroductoryParagraphChecklist1.Doestheintroductoryparagraphconsistoftwoparts:thegeneralstatementsandthethesisstatement?2.Dothegeneralstatementsgivebackgroundinformationonthesubjectandgraduallyleadthereaderintothemostspecificinformation─thethesisstatement?3.Arethegeneralstatementsandthethesisstatementcohesive?4.Doesthethesisstatementcontaincontrollingideasthatwillbeusedinthetopicsentencesofthebodyparagraphsoftheessay?(結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)信息)2021/5/920Manygenerationsliveunderthesameroofinchinawiththeincreasingpriceofproperty.Youngpeopleneednotworryaboutthemeals,children-caringandfamilychores.Actuallyitisacommonphenomenon.InthispaperIwillattempttoanalyzethebenefitthattheextendedfamilybringtofamilies.2021/5/921Howshouldtheoldpeopleliveisahotissueinoursociety.Somepeoplebelievethatextendedfamilywillbenefitthesociety,butotherpeopleholdtheopinionthatnuclearfamilyshouldbepopularizedincurrentsituation.Iamnotsureaboutthis,buttheextendedfamilyshouldabsolutelybeencouragedinthecomingyears.2021/5/922Whethertheextendedfamilywillbenefitthesocietyornothasbeenaverycontroversialissueatpresenttime.Considerabledebatesarefoundinthemedia.Someadvocatetheadvantagethattheextendedfamilybringstothesociety,whilemanymoreopposethispolicy,holdingtheviewthatsmallerfamilyismoresuitableforthissocietyinmorethanoneaspect.2021/5/923sampleforin-classexercise(2)Therehasbeentalkinsomepoliticalcirclesthatsomeresponsibilityforsocialwelfareshouldbeshiftedfromgovernmenttofamilies.Thiswouldinvolveareversalofthecurrenttrendtowardsincreasinglysmallerfamiliesandwouldencourageseveralgenerationstolivetogetherinextendedfamilies.

However,thisisadangerouspolicythatcouldleadtoavarietyofsocialproblems,notonlyfortheelderlypeoplethemselves,butalsoforthefamiliesthatwouldhavetolookafterthem.Therehasbeentalkinsomepoliticalcirclesthatsomeresponsibilityforsocialwelfareshouldbeshiftedfromgovernmenttofamilies.Thiswouldinvolveareversalofthecurrenttrendtowardsincreasinglysmallerfamiliesandwouldencourageseveralgenerationstolivetogetherinextendedfamilies.However,thisisadangerouspolicythatcouldleadtoavarietyofsocialproblems,notonlyfortheelderlypeoplethemselves,butalsoforthefamiliesthatwouldhavetolookafterthem.2021/5/924in-classexercise(1)Introductoryparagraph1(1)ThistraditionalChinesemethodoftreatmentmighthelpyou.(2)Ofcourseyouhave,andperhapsyouhavetakenaspirin,gonetoseeadoctor,orvisitedyourchiropractor(按摩師),buthaveyoueverconsideredacupuncture?(3)However,youshouldknowsomethingaboutthephilosophy,background,andmethodologyofacupuncturebeforeyoubeginanytreatment.(4)Haveyoueverhadaheadache,backache,orsoremuscles?2021/5/925in-classexercise(1)Introductoryparagraph2(1)Therefore,workaholics'lifestylescanaffecttheirfamilies,sociallives,andhealth.(2)Inaddition,thosewhoarecalledworkaholicsmaynotspendenoughtimeonleisureactivities.(3)Nowadays,manymenandwomenworkinlaw,accounting,realestate,andbusiness.(4)Thesepeopleareseriousaboutbecomingsuccessful;theyworklonghoursduringtheweekandevenonweekends,sotheyarecalled"workaholics".2021/5/926ThesisstatementGeneralstatementsLeadingsentencesmandatorymandatoryoptionalMorespecific2021/5/927Wearebecomingincreasinglydependentoncomputers.Theyareusedinbusinesses,hospitals,crimedetectionandeventoflyplanes.Isthisdependenceoncomputersagoodthingorshouldwebemoresuspiciousoftheirbenefits?What’syouropinion?2021/5/928

Althoughnoonecandenythefactthatcomputersaretransformingourworldandourlivesinanastonishingwayandthatwerelyonthemforourdailyexistence,(generalstatement)

weshouldbeawareoftheirpotentiallydamagingimpactsonmanyaspectsofoursociallifeandremainskepticaloftheover-computerizationofourworldwhichisardentlyadvocatedbysomescientist.(thesisstatement)Inmyopinion,computersmayjeopardizetheoverallwellbeingofhumansinthreefundamentalwaysifwemisusethem.(leadingsentences)Generalstatement+thesisstatement+leadingsentences2021/5/929開頭段的寫法Sentence1:Background(背景介紹)Sentence2:Rephrasethetopic(點(diǎn)明論題)Sentence3:thesisstatement(opinion類)orbriefdescriptionofthemainbody(討論類)Sentence4:preview//essaymap(opinion類)2021/5/930開頭段的寫法

1.如何寫背景句(第一句)確定討論內(nèi)容,以該問題為中心,寫一句介紹性的話語(yǔ)Example1Somepeoplewhohavebeensuccessfulinthesocietydonotcontributetheirsuccesstothetheoreticalknowledgetheylearnfromuniversity.Doagreeordisagree?A:peoplehavelongbeeninterestedinidentifyingtheforcesthatcontributetopersonalachievement.B:Theimportanceoftheoreticalknowledgetoone’ssuccessisamatterfordebate.2021/5/931開頭段的寫法

1.如何寫背景句(第一句)Example2Topic:theadvertisingisdiscouragingpeoplefrombeingdifferentindividualsandmakespeopletobeorseemtobethesame.Doyouagreeordisagree?A:

Muchmoreattentionthaneverbeforehasbeenpaidtotheinfluenceofadvertisingonourbuyingbehaviors.Ｂ：Perhapsnosubjectintheworldisaslikelytocausesomuchcontroversyasadvertisingdoes.建議選擇三四個(gè)句子背誦使用2021/5/932開頭段的寫法

2.如何點(diǎn)明論題(第二句)第二句話是改寫題目,點(diǎn)明論題Example1:Doyouthinkitisbettertosendcriminalstojailsorletthemreceiveeducationorjobtraining?Sentence1:thetreatmentofcriminalshasbeenopentodebateinrecentyears.(第一句話)Sentence2:Somepeoplethinkthatitisbettertosendcriminalstojailsthantosendthemreceiveeducationorjobtraining.(簡(jiǎn)單抄襲,效果不佳)2021/5/933開頭段的寫法

2.如何改寫題目(第二句)A.加上常用句型Thereismuchcontroversyoverwhethertosendcriminalstojailsorletthemreceiveeducationorjobtraining.B.改變句子成分Somepeoplethinkthatimprisonmentisbetterthaneducationorjobtrainingintreatingcriminals.2021/5/934開頭段的寫法

2.如何改寫題目(第二句)Example2PoliceinBritaindonotcarryguns.Somepeoplebelievethatitwillmakecitizensunprotected,butsomesuggestthatitwouldreduceviolenceinsociety.Discussthesetwoviews.Sentence1:InsomecountriessuchasBritain,itisaconventionthatpolicedonotcarryguns.(第一句話)Sentence2(a):Thereisaperceptionthatitwillmakecitizensunprotected,whileacounterargumentisthatitwouldreduceviolenceinsociety.(加上常用句型)Sentence2(b):Somepeoplethinkthatitfailstoprotectcitizenswhilesomesuggestthatitwouldminimizeviolenceinsociety.(改變句子成分)2021/5/935開頭段的寫法

3.如何點(diǎn)明論點(diǎn)(第二句)對(duì)觀點(diǎn)類文章,第三句話需要闡明自己的立場(chǎng)(具體支持或者反對(duì))1.Mypersonalviewisthatstudyinginternationalnewsisofbenefitstothestudents.2.Iagreewiththeirrecommendationthatmaintaininganation’sculturalidentityisapriority.2021/5/936開頭段的寫法

3.如何點(diǎn)明論點(diǎn)(第二句)對(duì)討論類文章,不明確表示自己支持哪一個(gè)方面,而是指明文章會(huì)討論兩個(gè)方面.Examples:A.Thisessaywillelaborateonbothpositiveandnegativeeffectsoftourismfromaculturalperspective.B.Iwouldliketodiscussthisissuefrombothaspects.2021/5/937開頭段的寫法

寫作練習(xí):Somepeoplebelievethatairtravelshouldberestrictedbecauseitcausesseriouspollutionandusesuptheworld’srecourses.Doyouagreeordisagree?2021/5/938開頭段的寫法

飛機(jī)浪費(fèi)資源造成污染,是否應(yīng)該受限????背景句:Thereislittleroomfordoubtabouttheconveniencebroughtbyairtravel.點(diǎn)明論題:However,whenitcomestoitsimpactontheenvironment,noconclusionhasbeenarrivedat.論點(diǎn)句:

A.AsfarasIknow,itsbenefitsarefarmoreovertthanitsdownsides.(支持)B.mypersonalviewisthatitsbenefitscannotjustifyitsharmfuleffects.(反對(duì))C.thisessaywillcompareandcontrastitsbenefitsanddownsides.(雙邊)2021/5/939開頭段的寫法

觀點(diǎn)類和討論類(三句話)第一句,背景句,

確定討論內(nèi)容,以該問題為中心,寫一句介紹性的話語(yǔ),

寫作建議:記句型,第二句,點(diǎn)題句,

指出爭(zhēng)議問題.

寫作建議:改寫題目,第三句,觀點(diǎn)句/引導(dǎo)句,闡明立場(chǎng)或者明確討論一個(gè)事物的兩個(gè)方面.

寫作建議:記句型2021/5/940開頭段的寫法

問題類的三句話問題類題目不是針對(duì)問題的爭(zhēng)議性,而是針對(duì)問題產(chǎn)生的原因和解決問題的辦法.第一句,背景句,

確定討論內(nèi)容,以該問題為中心,寫一句介紹性的話語(yǔ),

寫作建議:記句型,第二句,點(diǎn)題句,

直接關(guān)注原因.

寫作建議:記句型,第三句,信息引導(dǎo)句,明確文章要討論的內(nèi)容,原因和解決辦法.

寫作建議:記句型2021/5/941開頭段的寫法

問題類的三句話題目Whatarethecausesandsolutionsoftheproblemofscarcityofwaterresource?第一句背景句

Watershortageisoneofthemostchallengingissuestoaddressinmanycountries.第二句關(guān)注原因句Therearesomefactorsleadingtothisproblem.//Diversecontributingfactorscanbeidentified.第三句引導(dǎo)信息

Someofthemostcommonfactorswillbediscussedbelow,followedbysomeresponsiblesolutions.2021/5/942開頭段的寫法

問題類的三句話寫作練習(xí)Itisgenerallyacknowledgedthatfamiliesarenotascloseastheyusedtobe.Givepossiblereasonsandyourrecommendations.Thereismuchdiscussionnowadaysastowhetherornottherelationshipbetweenfamilymembersisascloseasbefore.

Diversecontributingfactorscanbeidentified.

Inthefollowing,Iwouldliketopresentmypointofview.end2021/5/943Recentlytheriseinphenomenonofproblemofquestionof…h(huán)as1)draw/arousedpublic/popular/grave/world-wideattention2)caused/aroused

wide/general/considerable/Internationalconcern3)arisen/loomedup/croppedup

ascontroversial/asnoteworthy/moredistinctlyforsettlement.2021/5/944最近,有關(guān)把遺傳技術(shù)用于人類自身而產(chǎn)生的問題的警示已引起了了公眾的廣泛的關(guān)注.這是可以理解的.Recently,thealarmabouttheproblemoftheuseofgenetictechnologiesonhumanbeingshavecausedwidepublicconcern,andunderstandablyso.2021/5/945Recentlythe

issueproblemquestionof…h(huán)asbeeninthelimelight.broughtintofocus.broughttopublicattention.posedamongthegeneralpublic.2021/5/946現(xiàn)在發(fā)展與環(huán)境的問題已成為人們議論的中心.在中國(guó)這對(duì)矛盾表現(xiàn)的尤為明顯。這世界上人口最多的國(guó)家正面臨著環(huán)境污染、森林減少及大范圍酸雨侵襲。Theproblemofdevelopmentvs.environmenthasnowbeeninthelimelight.NowhereistheclashmorevisiblethaninChina,wheretheworld’slargestpopulationfacespollution,deforestationandacidonalargescale.2021/5/947In

recentthepast5years,manycitiesnationspeoplehavebeenfaced/plagued/troubledwithexperienced/witnessed/undergonethea(n)seriousproblemofacuteshortageofalarmingincreasein…2021/5/948最近幾年，中國(guó)的青少年犯罪率急劇上升。我們社會(huì)的傳統(tǒng)做法是把這些青少年當(dāng)成一種特殊的罪犯處理，盡管他們的罪行和成年人一樣，但所給的懲罰和成年人不同?，F(xiàn)在我們?cè)撌菃栆粏栁覀冏约旱臅r(shí)候了：這種做法是否有效？

Inrecentyears,Chinahasexperiencedanalarmingincreaseinjuvenilecrime-thatis,crimecommittedbyindividualswhohaven’tcomeofage.Oursocietyhastraditionallytreatedthejuvenileasaspecialkindofoffender,onewhowarrantspunishmentdifferentfromthatgiventoanadult,eventhoughthecrimemaybethesame.Nowitistimeweaskedourselves:Doesthetreatmentwork?2021/5/949Oneofthesearchingburningpressinginterestingquestionsproblemsfacingconfrontingournationsocietyworldtodayis…2021/5/950當(dāng)今社會(huì)面臨的基本問題之一是：新技術(shù)會(huì)給世界的將來(lái)帶來(lái)什么樣的希望或威脅？由于我們的社會(huì)所作出的關(guān)于技術(shù)發(fā)展的決定會(huì)毫無(wú)疑問對(duì)未來(lái)產(chǎn)生巨大影響，因此探索這個(gè)問題，尤其是通過檢查科學(xué)技術(shù)與人類發(fā)展的關(guān)系來(lái)這樣做就變得非常緊迫和必要了。

Oneofthebasicquestionsfacingoursocietytodayis:Whatpromiseorthreatdoesnewtechnologyholdforourglobalfuture?Sincethedecisionsoursocietymakesabouttechnologicaldevelopmentwillundoubtedlyhavetremendousconsequencesintheyearstocome,itisurgentlynecessarytoexplorethisquestion,especiallybyexaminingscienceandtechnologyintheirrelationshiptothedevelopmentofhumanity.2021/5/951NowadaysCurrentlyRecentlythereisa1)growing/unhealthytendencyto/in/that2)general/deep-seatedbeliefin/that3)general/uneasyfeelingof/against/that4)growing/nation-widerecognitionof/that5)growing/generalawarenessof/that6)deep/seriousconcernover/for/that7)deep/keeninterestin8)growing/greatenthusiasmfor/amongpeople2021/5/952如今人們?cè)絹?lái)越關(guān)注我們的孩子所承受的沉重的學(xué)習(xí)負(fù)擔(dān)和精神壓力。他們?yōu)榉謹(jǐn)?shù)所累，幾乎沒有時(shí)間品嘗人生，并成長(zhǎng)為一個(gè)全面發(fā)展的人。

Nowthereis

a

growingconcernovertheheavyburden,bothacademicandpsychological,ourchildrenhavetobear.Theyhavebeensoobsessedwithgradesandmarksthattheyhavehardlyhadtimetosavorthelifeandgrowaswell-roundedpeople.2021/5