初級(jí)23安裝和軟件包rpm yum

名稱雖然打上了RedHat的標(biāo)志，但是其原始設(shè)計(jì)理念是開放式的，現(xiàn)在包括OpenLinux、S.u.S.E.以及TurboLinux等Linux的分發(fā)版本都有采用，可以算是在紅帽軟件包管理器（RPM）公布之前要想在Linux系統(tǒng)中安裝軟件只能采取“源碼包”的方式安裝，早期在Linux系統(tǒng)中安裝程序是一件非常，耗費(fèi)耐而RPM機(jī)制則為解決這些問(wèn)題而設(shè)計(jì)的，RPM原稱為“RedhatPackage系統(tǒng)中了。RPM會(huì)建立統(tǒng)一的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)文件，詳細(xì)的記錄軟件信息并能夠自動(dòng)分二、RPM（qa；-f<文件>+：查詢擁有指定文件的套件，RPM軟件包（qf；-h或--hash：套件安裝時(shí)列出標(biāo)記（Uvh；-i<套件檔>或--install<套件檔>：安裝指定的套件檔（ivh；（qpl；-p-p<套件檔>+：查詢RPM套件檔（qpi；-q：使用詢問(wèn)模式，當(dāng)遇到任何問(wèn)題時(shí)，rpm指令會(huì)先詢問(wèn)用戶（qpi；（Uvh；=查找相應(yīng)文件：rpm-qarpm `which命令rpmrpm-ivhyour-Packages]#rpm-ivhtree-1.6.0-warning:tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64.rpm:HeaderV3RSA/SHA256Signature,keyIDfd431d51:NOKEY#################################Updating/installing...#################################1、rpmrpm其中your-package.rpm是你要安裝的rpm包的文件名，一般位于當(dāng)前 上面的tree安裝 ，是把光盤掛載到/mnt，cd/mnt/Packageswithwith無(wú)法正確安裝的可以用rpm-- -i強(qiáng)制安裝即可rpmrpm-eproftpd-1.2.8-1.i386.rpmrpm-eproftpd-1.2.8-1.i386rpm-eproftpd-rpm-eproftpd-...isneeded......isnotinstalled此包需要的一些軟件你沒(méi)有安裝可以用rpm--nodeps-i來(lái)忽略此信息，也就是說(shuō)rpm- nodeps可以忽略所有依賴關(guān)系和文件問(wèn)題，什么包都能安2、rpmrpme包名不可以有后綴.rpm，比如卸載軟件包proftpd-1.2.8-1，可以使用下列格式：rpmrpm-eproftpd-1.2.8-1rpm-eproftpd-1.2.8rpm-erpm-ePackages]#rpm-etree-1.6.0-error:packagetree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64.rpmisnotPackages]#rpm-ePackages]#-bash:/usr/bin/tree:Nosuchfileor......isneededby這說(shuō)明這個(gè)軟件被其他軟件需要，不能隨便卸載rpm-e--nodeps強(qiáng)制rpm2cpioxxx.rpm|cpio-rpm2cpioxxx.rpm|cpio-rpm2cpioxxx.rpm|cpio-rpm2cpioxxx.rpm|cpio--extract--make-iextractv表示指示執(zhí)行進(jìn)程，dmake-相同，表示根據(jù)包中文件原來(lái)的路徑建 ，m表示保持文件的更新時(shí)Packages]#rpm2cpiotree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64.rpm|cpio-cpio:./usr/bin/tree:Cannotopen:Nosuchfileorcpio:./usr/share/doc/tree-1.6.0:Cannotmkdir:Nosuchfileorcpio:./usr/share/doc/tree-1.6.0/LICENSE:Cannotopen:Nosuchfileorcpio:./usr/share/doc/tree-1.6.0/README:Cannotopen:Nosuchfileorcpio:./usr/share/man/man1/tree.1.gz:Cannotopen:Nosuchfileor177blocks4rpmtree-1.6.0-rpm-qarpm-qasql的軟件包rpmqa|grepPackages]#rpm-qa|grepPackages]#rpm-qa5rpmrpm-ql注意這里的是不包括.rpm后綴的軟件包的名稱，也就是說(shuō)只能用treetree-1.6.0tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64.rpmwhich，比如：whichPackages]#rpm-ql Packages]#rpm-qltree- Packages]#rpm-qltree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64.rpmpackagetree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64.rpmisnotinstalled Packages]#which6rpmrpmqlpPackages]#rpmPackages]#rpm-ePackages]#rpm-qlptree-1.6.0-Packages]#rpm-qltree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64.rpmPackages]#rpm-qltree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64一個(gè)沒(méi)有安裝過(guò)的軟件包，使用rpm-qip****.rpmPackages]#rpmPackages]#rpm-qiptree-1.6.0-Packages]#rpm-qitree-1.6.0-8、某個(gè)程序是哪個(gè)軟件包安裝的，或者哪個(gè)軟件含這個(gè)程序rpm `which程序名`#rpm-qif `which程序名`#返回軟件包的有關(guān)信息rpm- `which程序名`#返回軟件包的文件列Packages]#rpm-qf`whichtree`Packages]#rpm-qif`whichtree`Packages]#rpm-qlf`which~]#which~]#rpm-qf`which9、某個(gè)文件是哪個(gè)軟件包安裝的，或者哪個(gè)軟件含這個(gè)文件~]#~]#whereiscd:/usr/bin/cd ~]#rpm-qf/usr/bin/cd ~]#rpm-qf~]#rpm-qltree-1.6.0- ~]#rpm-qf/usr/share/doc/tree-1.6.0/LICENSE10、-V ~]#rpm-VS.5. c 11rpm，用RPM能夠幫助用戶查詢軟件相關(guān)的依賴關(guān)系A(chǔ)B包，B包需要C包，C包需要A包。CentOSS前端軟件包管理器RPM包管理，能夠從指定的服務(wù)器自動(dòng)RPM包并且安裝，可以自動(dòng)處理依賴性關(guān)系，并且一次安裝所有依賴的軟件包，無(wú)須繁瑣地一次次、安裝。戶的要求分析出所需軟件包及其相關(guān)依賴關(guān)系自動(dòng)從服務(wù)器軟件包并安裝Yum倉(cāng)庫(kù)與是否校驗(yàn)軟件包，而這些只需幾條關(guān)Yum倉(cāng)庫(kù)的配置文件均需以.repo結(jié)尾并存放在/etc/yum.repos.d/目yumrepolistyumlistyuminfoyuminstallyumreinstallyumupdateyumremoveyumcleanyumcheck-yumyumgroupinstallmountoiso9660dev/cdrom/mnt(如果重啟系統(tǒng)，需要再次執(zhí)行這個(gè)命令yum倉(cāng)庫(kù)唯一標(biāo)識(shí)符#yum倉(cāng)庫(kù)的名稱描述##設(shè)置此源是否可用，1為可用，0#設(shè)置此源是否校驗(yàn)文件，1為校驗(yàn)，0。Yum倉(cāng)庫(kù)中的RPM軟件包可以是由紅帽發(fā)布的，也可以是第組織yumgroupremoveyumgroupinfoyum 包名（關(guān)鍵字即可yumwhatprovidesyumYUMInstallapackageorpackagesonyoursystem#yuminstallpackageUpdateapackageorpackagesonyoursystem#yumupdatepackageRemovethepackages#yumremovepackageInstallthepackagesinagrouponyoursystem#yumgroupinstall"XWindowSystem"Updatethepackagesinagrouponyoursystem#yumgroupupdate"XWindowSystem"Removethepackagesinagroupfromyoursystem#yumgroupremove"XWindowSystem"Listapackageorgroupsofpackages#yumlist?disypackagesthatispossibletoinstall#yumlistinstalled?disyinstalledCheckforavailablepackageupdates#yumcheck-updateDisydetailsaboutapackageorgroupofpackages#yuminfopackageSearchpackagedetailsforthegivenstring#yumsearchkeywordListapackage'sdependencies#yumdeplistpackage-answeryesforallquestions#yum-yinstallpackage--enableoneormorerepositories(wildcardsallowed)#yum--enablerepo=repoinstallpackage--disableoneormorerepositories(wildcardsallowed)#yum--disablerepo=repoinstallpackage--excludepackage(s)bynameorglob#yum--exclude=packageupdate--disableYum#yum--nopluginsyuminstall XXX是要安裝的軟件，YYYrepoyumlistvsftpd--#ZZZ這個(gè)yumyum源步驟[root@~]#yumclean[root@~]#yum//yumreporepo0repolist:[root@~]#mount-oiso9660/dev/cdrom/mnt mount:/dev/sr0iswrite-protected,mountingread-only[root@~]#ls/mnt [root@~]#cd/etc/yum.repos.d/ [root@yum.repos.d]#vimlocal.repoyum.repos.d]#yum //yumLoadedplugins:langpacks,product-id,subscription-ThissystemisnotregisteredtoRedHatSubscriptionManagement.Youcanusesubscription-managertoregister.(1/2):(2/2):local/primary_dbrepoidrepolist:yum|4.1|134|3.4repoyum.repos.d]#yumyinstall //tree~]#yumlist//vsftpLoadedplugins:langpacks,product-id,subscription-ThissystemisnotregisteredtoRedHatSubscriptionManagement.Youcanusesubscription-managertoregister.Error:NomatchingPackagesto ~]yumlist //vsftp服務(wù)的安裝包，加上Loadedplugins:langpacks,product-id,subscription-ThissystemisnotregisteredtoRedHatSubscriptionManagement.Youcanusesubscription-managertoregister.Installed LinuxBIOS開始→進(jìn)入"BootLoader"→紅帽RHEL7系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)替換掉了大家熟悉的初始化進(jìn)程SystemVinit，并正systemdsystemd使用了并發(fā)啟動(dòng)機(jī)制，systemd11LennartPoettering2、systemdlinuxBSDRHEL7systemd，inittab已經(jīng)不再起作用，也沒(méi)有“運(yùn)行級(jí)別”這個(gè)概念，Linux系統(tǒng)啟動(dòng)時(shí)要做大量的初始化工作——例如掛載文sshd~]#systemctlcatDescription=OpenSSHserveration=man:sshd(8)man:sshd_config(5)After=network.targetsshd-keygen.serviceExecStart=/usr/sbin/sshd-D$OPTIONSExecReload=/bin/killExecReload=/bin/kill-HUP$MAINPIDRHEL7systemd用"目標(biāo)(target)"代替了“運(yùn)行級(jí)別”0123456[root@rhce~]#ln-sf ~]#systemctlset-default[root@rhce~]#ln-sf/lib/systemd/system/multi- Packages]#systemctlset-defaultmu