船長(zhǎng)面試問(wèn)題及參考答案

船長(zhǎng)面試問(wèn)題及參考答案

船長(zhǎng)是船上最重要的職位，也是個(gè)方面要求最高的職位。船東在面試船員時(shí)對(duì)船長(zhǎng)的考核最認(rèn)真，最費(fèi)時(shí)間，也是最復(fù)雜的，作為一名合格的船長(zhǎng)，不但要求有豐富的海上工作經(jīng)歷、嫻熟的船舶駕駛經(jīng)驗(yàn)和技術(shù)，更要有很好的商務(wù)操作能力、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)管理能力、極佳的個(gè)人人品、強(qiáng)大的人格魅力和感召力。還要勤于動(dòng)腦、身體力行，在所有船員面前樹立典范。船東在進(jìn)行面試時(shí)，往往提問(wèn)船長(zhǎng)的問(wèn)題最多，也最復(fù)雜，考察的時(shí)間也最長(zhǎng)。提問(wèn)船長(zhǎng)的問(wèn)題涉及到國(guó)際安全管理規(guī)則、安全管理體系、船長(zhǎng)資歷、船舶管理、各種具體商務(wù)和技術(shù)問(wèn)題等等。

下面收集了一部分面試試題，供廣大面試船長(zhǎng)參考。其中部分問(wèn)題，不但船長(zhǎng)必備，其他干部船員，尤其是大副也必須看，輪機(jī)長(zhǎng)也應(yīng)該參考一下。Canyoutellmeaboutyoureducationalbackground?實(shí)事求是，最好告訴人家在某個(gè)學(xué)校學(xué)了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，最好也要告訴人家你接受某些社會(huì)培訓(xùn)的情況，謙虛好學(xué)畢竟是一個(gè)美德嘛。Pleaserefertoamaster’sself-introductioninPartOneofthisbook.Whatisaclassificationsociety?Whatisthepurposeofclassificationsurvey?Pleaselistsomefamousclassificationsocietiesintheword.Aclassificationsocietyisusuallyanindependentorganizationthatcarriesoutclassificationsurveys,statutorysurveys,surveysrelatedtoanotarymattersforships,offshoreinstallations,marinefreightcontainers,materialsandmarineequipments.Italsoprovidessafetymanagementcertificationservicestoshippingcompaniesandtheirships.Thepurposeofclassificationsurveyistoevaluatethesituationofashipandthemanagementofacompanyanditsship.Someofthefamousclassificationsocietiesare:NK(Japanese日本海事協(xié)會(huì))，CCS（Chinese）,ABS(American),DNV(Norwegian),SL(BritishLloyd英國(guó)勞氏)，GL（GermanLloyd德國(guó)勞氏），KR（Korea）,RINA(意大利船級(jí)社).Canyoutalkaboutthepreviousvesselsyouworkedonboard?實(shí)事求是，若沒(méi)有做過(guò)，千萬(wàn)不要偽造。并且服務(wù)簿、書面簡(jiǎn)歷以及你自己口頭介紹的資歷的內(nèi)容一定要一致，特別是時(shí)間、船型、航區(qū)、噸位、船員情況、外派公司、船東及租船公司情況，因?yàn)槟闶谴L(zhǎng)，應(yīng)該對(duì)自己管理的船有非常深的印象。Pleaserefertoanmaster’sself-introductioninPartOneofthisbook.Whattypeofcargowascarriedonboardyourlastvessel?曾經(jīng)在什么船上工作過(guò)，運(yùn)過(guò)什么貨物也是船東非常關(guān)心的問(wèn)題，因?yàn)榇瑬|在考慮把他的一條船交給你時(shí)，對(duì)你是否運(yùn)過(guò)某種他們的船舶載的貨物非常關(guān)鍵。因?yàn)槟阒挥羞\(yùn)過(guò)某種貨物，才對(duì)這種貨物的特性、裝卸時(shí)需要注意的事項(xiàng)、運(yùn)輸途中需要注意的事項(xiàng)有所了解和經(jīng)驗(yàn)。其實(shí)，你如果運(yùn)過(guò)某些貨物，你也應(yīng)該說(shuō)出來(lái)。下面提供幾種貨物的名稱，供參考：Bulkcargocement,cementclicker,nickel,ore,iron,sand,phosphorus,potashinbulk,salt,grain,petcoke,coaletc.,Generalcargo:vehicle,loader,wagon,heavylifts,over-lengthcargo,mineequipment,steelconstructionmaterial.Other:Log,plywood,container,andsoon.Whenwasyourlastvesseltradingarea,whichportshaveyoucalled?IhaverichexperienceincallingtheportsintheUS,somedevelopingcountriesandinthepassagethroughtheSuezCanal,PanamaCanalandDenverStrait,andDenmarkStrait.Someusefulexpressionsfortradingareas：全球航線ocean-going,worldwidely,globally,worldwide；固定航線fixedroute.CanyoutellmethedifferencesbetweentheChinesestatesownedshippingcompaniesandforeignshippingcompanies?Basically,inmyopinion,therearenotbigdifferencesatall.Itseemstomethatforeignownersaremoreconcernedaboutthemaster’soverridingauthorityonboardwhiletheChineseshippingcompaniestendtoasktheirlocalagentstodomoreforthevessel.AnothermajordifferencebetweenthemisthattheSafetyManagementSystemoftheChinesecompaniesisinChineseandtheworkinglanguageonboardisChinese.What’smore,mostoftheChineseownersusetheCCSforclassificationwhileforeignownersmayusedifferentclassificationsocieties.各個(gè)國(guó)家的船公司都有自己的特點(diǎn)和特色。至于您如何回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題并不重要，關(guān)鍵是不要妄自菲??；試想一下，如果中國(guó)的船東一無(wú)是處的話，我們中國(guó)船員的素質(zhì)又會(huì)如何呢？Incaseofcargodamage,forexample,beforethevesselarrivesatthedischargingport,youfindthequalityofthesurfacecargohaschanged,howwouldyouhandleit?Ihavetolookintothereasonandvolumeofthedamagefirst,andthenI’llcontacttheownerforinstruction.Intheeventofsmallquantityofgrain,Ishalljustthrowitintotheseatoavoiddisputes.OrIwillfollowtheowner’sinstructiontocontactit’stheP&Icorrespondentorlocalagentfortheiradvice.Ifnecessary,I’llprepareaSeaProtesttoclaimthattheshipownerandthecrewhaveexercisedtheirduediligence.關(guān)于貨損失、方面的處理程序，各個(gè)公司都有相關(guān)的操作和程序文件，上面只是一般的處理原則。HowdoyouunderstandtheMaster’soverridingauthorityunderemergencysituations?Ifthesituationandtimepermit,theMastershouldalwaysreporttothecompanyfirstbeforetakingactions.However,whentheshipisinimmediatedanger,theMastershallexercisehisoverridingauthorityandtakewhateveractionsnecessaryindealingwithanemergencysituationinordertoprotectthesafetyoftheseafarers,thecargo,thevessel,theportandtheenvironmentwithoutconsideringtoomuchthedemandsoftheshipownerandcharterer.Nevertheless,theMastershouldreporttothecompanyindetailwhathashappenedaftertheevent.CanyoutellmeaboutyourexperienceasaCaptain?Hints:YourexperiencemayincludesuchthingsasthedurationyouhaveworkedasaCaptain,theplacesorportsyouhavebeeneverbeento,thetypesofvesselsyouhaveserved,thetypesforcargoyouhaveeverexperienced,themanagementstylesonthevessels,andsoon.PleasealsorefertoChapterOneformoredetailedanswers.WhatistheMaster’sStandingOrder?ItisbasicallytheMaster’sownsetofinstructionsandordersforthevessel’soperation.Thecontentsmayincludethewatch-keepingdutiesfortheofficers,whentoaskfororderfromthemaster,theportentryprocedure,andhowtodealwithemergencysituationlikeoilpollution,firedisaster,collision,grounding,aswellaswhentocallthemastertothebridge,andsoon.Forspecialvessels(tanker,LPGorcarcarriers,etc.,)thestandingordersmayhavesomemorecontents.Oryoucansay:Yes,IoncehadaproblemduringPSCinspectioninaUSport.TheARPAcouldn’tbeactivatedsincethepowersupplywasoutofwork.TheUSCGonlyallowedusafewhourstorepairit.Totheirsatisfaction,theARPAwasbacktonormalafteronlyonehour.Luckily,wedon’thaveanyfineimposedonus.Iunderstandfromthisexperiencethatgoodpreparationsinadvanceareveryimportant.Evenifthereisaproblem,Iwillaskmycrewtorectifyitintheleastpossibletime.Howshouldthepre-departureseminarbeconductedintheport?Accordingtomyexperience,asafetymeetingshallbeheldpriortodepartureandsomeoftheimportantissuesliketheun-berthingoperationawaycheck,cooperationwiththepilotandotherengineering(technical)mattersshouldbediscussedatthemeeting.WhyshouldtheMasteralwaysbeawareoftheactionsbeingtakenbythepilot?Well,it’sbecausethepresenceofthepilotonthebridgedoesnotrelievetheMasterfromtakinganymeasuresnecessarytoassurethesafetyoftheshipandmarineenvironment.Ifhefindsthatthepilot’sordersaredoubtful,theMasterhastoclarifytheordersimmediately.Whennecessary,theMastershallcommandtheship’snavigationhimself.引航員在船引航時(shí)并沒(méi)有解除船長(zhǎng)和船員對(duì)于船舶安全的責(zé)任是ISM體系特別強(qiáng)調(diào)的一點(diǎn)，船長(zhǎng)應(yīng)該熟知并讓每位船員熟知。WhatshouldtheMasterdoifheisunsureabouthislegalstandinginaforeigncountryorastrangeport?Hemustcontactthecompanyatonceforadvice.Heshouldalso,ifnecessary,consultthelocalcorrespondentoftheowner’sP&Iandthelocalagentoftheshipwhocanprovidevaluableandassistance.絕大多數(shù)船東希望遠(yuǎn)在海上的船員能及時(shí)和船東溝通，并把一些解決不了或不是很明白的問(wèn)題及時(shí)向他們報(bào)告。當(dāng)然，和船東公司在各個(gè)國(guó)家和港口代理的溝通也十分重要。WhatshouldtheMasterdoifthefiguresoftheloadedquantityareabnormallydifferentfromthoseonthebillsoflading?Themastershouldreportthecasetotheshipownerassoonaspossible.Atthediscretionofthecompany,theMastershouldprepareandsendaLetterofProtesttothenotarysurveyorofterminal/portauthorityundertheinstructionoftheshipowner.Insuchcase,theMastershouldalsorequirefurthermeasurementsandcalculationstobemade.WhatcontentsareshownontheBillofLadingiftheshipisloadedwithbulkcargo?Ususlly,thefollowingitemsareshownontheBillofLading(B/L):measure,quality,quantity,condition,contentsandvalueunknownetc.,DifferentcompaniesmayhaveformatsfortheirrespectiveB/L.AB/Lconsistsofthreeoriginalcopiesthathavethesamelegalvalidity.Thefirstcopytheconsigneeshowswilldenythevalidityoftheothertwocopies.DoyouknowtheinsurancecoverageprovidedbyaP&IClub?AP&IClubisanon-profitassociationofshipownersthatprovidesmutualinsuranceagainstmaritimerisks.ItcoverstherisksthatarenotcoveredbytheHullInsurer,suchaspersonalillnessandinjury,cargodamage,collisionwithanothervessel,stowawaysandrefugees,damagetofixedorfloatingobjects,pollutionandsoon.CouldyouexplainwhattheSOLAS74ANDMARPOL73/78are?WhatistherelationbetweenSOLAS74andISMCode?SOLASistheInternationalConventionfortheSafetyofLifeatSea.ItisthemostimportantinternationalconventiononthesafetyofthelifeatseamadeandpassedbyIMO.TheISMCodeislistedasChapter9oftheSOLAS74.Itistoensuresafetyoftheship,theseamen,theportandthecargo,aswellasthemarineenvironment.MARPOL,73/78istheInternationalConventiononthePreventionofMarinePollution.Thisisthemostimportantinternationalconventionontheprotectionofmarineenvironment.幾個(gè)國(guó)際公約的名稱，特別是全稱應(yīng)該了如指掌。對(duì)公約主要條款更應(yīng)該知道。現(xiàn)在，ISMCODE因列為SOLAS公約第9章而變成強(qiáng)制性執(zhí)行的公約，對(duì)ISMCODE的目的、主要內(nèi)容尤其要有比較深入的了解。Priortoship’sdeparture,whattestsshouldbemadeandloggedintheShip’sLogBook?Someofthekeytesttobedonebeforesailing:a)Steeringgeartestb)Ship’sclocksandenginetelegraphtestsandharmonizationc)Internal,externalandportablecommunicationequipmenttestd)Thewhistleandnavigationalliststestse)Relevantelectronicposition-fixingequipment(ARPA,RADAR,GMDSS)testf)AnyotherteststhattheMasterthinksnecessaryHowoftenatleastshouldtheEmergencySteeringDrillbeheld?Itshouldbeheldatleasteverythreemonths.Butactually,themoreoftenthedrillisdone,thebetter.Butbeforeenteringintosomeports,forexample,intheUSwherePSCinspectionsareverystrict,itisveryimportanttohavedrillspriortoentry.Howdoyoumaintaintheminimumunderkeelclearance(MUKC)whenthevesselisduringpassage,infairwaysandinsideports?Duringthepassage,theMUKCshouldbeatleastmorethan20%ofloaddraft,orasregulatedbyportauthority.富余水深的多少因不同的船、不同的航區(qū)的規(guī)定而異，但是，為了確保航行安全，船長(zhǎng)應(yīng)在心目中有個(gè)大致的數(shù)字。WhataretheMaster’sresponsibilitiesongarbagedisposal?TheMastershallensurethattheposterswithasummaryofregulationongarbagedisposalatseaisclearlydisplayedintheship’sgalley,ontheinformationboardsandinanyotherplaceswheregarbageiscollectedpriortodisposal.TheMastershalldiscussthesubjectofshipboardgarbagemanagementwiththecrewatsafetymeetings.TheMastershallcheckthegarbagedisposalsituationonboardthoroughlyfromtimetotime.TheMastershallalsonominateaspecificpersoninchargeofthegarbagedisposal.Canyoudescribethegarbagedisposalproceduresonboardyourlastvessel?Howdidyouclassifythegarbageonboard?Fourstepsshouldbefollowed:collection,processing(separation),storage,anddisposal.Thegarbagecandividedintothreekinds;Plasticsandplasticmixedwithothermaterials;Foodandaccommodationwaste;Othergarbagecannotdisposedintothesea,e.g.plasticsandplasticmaterials.垃圾的處理涉及到污染問(wèn)題。各個(gè)公司的ISM手冊(cè)對(duì)于垃圾的處理都規(guī)定了非常嚴(yán)格的程序。垃圾當(dāng)然也有明確的分類，如有的公司要求把垃圾分成三類、有的分成四類、有的分成六類等。船東主要看備選船員在防污染方面是否重視。因?yàn)橐坏┙o某些港口國(guó)造成污染，船東會(huì)受到重罰的。WhataresensitivecargoesasdefinedbytheP&IClub?Thecargoesthatareparticularlysusceptibletomoistureanddamagearecalledsensitivecargoes.Specialattentionisrequiredforsensitivecargoes.TheP&IClubdefinethefollowingcargoesassensitivecargoes:cement,grain,andsugarandsoon.Beforethecommencementofeachvoyage,whichpartsofthevesselshouldbechecked?Cargoholds,hatchcovers,ventilationsystem,tank-top,holdlighting,firefightinganddetectorappliances,bilge,soundingpipes,airpipes,cargogears(hooks,grabs,slings,wires)andtherelevantmachineryshouldbecheckedcarefullyinordertoensureseaworthinessofthevessel.Afterthechecks,thechecklistsshallbefilledorrecordsshallbekept.Pleaseexplainthemeaningof“SOPEP”?WhatcontentsshouldbeincludedintheSOPEP?SOPEPmeansShipboardOilPollutionEmergencyPlananditshouldcontainthefollowing:(1)ProcedurestobefollowedbytheMasterorotherpersonsinchargeoftheshiptoreportanoilpollutionincident.(2)Authorityorpersonstobecontactedintheeventofoilpollution.(3)Detaileddescriptionofactionstobetakenimmediatelybypersonsonboardtoreduceorcontrolthedischargeofoilfollowingincident.(4)Listofoilspillresponseequipmentandmaterialstobemaintainedonboard.(Removers,sprayer,oilabsorbent,sawdust,wasterags,scoop,shovels,buckets,bamboobrooms,portablepump,protectiveclothingandportablecontainers).Simplyspeaking,SOPEPshouldincludesuchthingsastheemergencycontacts(telephoneandothermeansofcommunication,address,etc.),theequipmentusedindealingwithoilpollution,themusterlistintheoilpollution,andthereportprocedurewhentheaccidenthappensetc.Whatpreparationsshouldyoumakebeforeentryintoaport?(1)Togatherthenecessaryinformationonthestateanddestinationportauthorityrequirementsrelatedtopilotage,berthing,customsclearanceandportquarantineinspections,etc.;(2)Tomakesureofanorderlyslow-downofthemainengine,andaskthedutyofficertogivetheETAandthetimeshipisexpectedtobeonmaneuveringspeedtothedutyengineer;(3)ThemainengineistobetestedintheasternmodeandtheMastershouldknowthatinsomecountries(e.g.,inUS),beforeentryintoport,entiretestofthenavigationalequipmentandmainengineisrequired;(4)Toaskthedutyofficerstoensurethattherightflags,signals,orlightsareshown;(5)Tofacilitatethemachinerymaintenance,theMastershouldgivetheC/EanindicationofETBandETDimmediatelyafterthearrivalatananchorageorberth.WhatshouldaMusterListinclude?WhatkindsofMusterListdidyouhaveonthelastvessel?AMusterListshouldincludethefollowingpoints;(1)Detailsofemergencyalarmsignal;(2)Howabandonshiporderwillbegiven;(3)Substituteforthekeypersonnelwhomaybecomedisabled;(4)Theboattowhicheachpersonbelongsanddutiestobeperformedinanabandonshipsituation;(5)Thespecificgrouptowhichapersonbelongsandgeneraldutiesduringvariousemergencies;(6)Anyadditionalorspecificduties;(7)Specificassemblypointofeachgroup.TheMusterListmustbereadybeforeashipsails.WehadthefollowingMusterListsonboardthelastvessel;Generalemergency,firefighting,fireintheengine,emergencysteering,abandon-ship,manoverboard,oilpollutionpreventionstation.Whenyourshipisinvolvedinanoilpollutionincident,whatshouldmasterdo?AccordingtotheISMCodeandMARPOL,theincidentshouldbeimmediatelyreportedtothenearestcoastalState,andtheshipownerwithoutanydelay.Areportshouldalsobesubmittedtotheflagstate.DoyouallowcargodischargewithoutbeingshowntheB/L?Definitelyspeak:No.TheB/Listhelegalevidenceofthecargo’sownership.However,thecargocanbedischargediftheconsigneeshowsaLetterofIndemnityapprovedbytheshipownerconfirmingtheauthenticityofthedocuments.Howdoyouunderstandshipboardtraining?Itisaveryimportantthingonboard.Routinetrainingonsafetyofthevessel,thecargo,andtheseamenshouldbecarriedoutperiodically.Trainingtonewjoinersisalsoimportant.Theyshouldbebriefedonemergencyprocedures,anti-pollution,safetyequipmentfamiliarization,shipoperationaltrainingandworkingskills.Howcanyoumaintainabalanceofinterestsbetweentheshipownerandthecharterer?Well,thisisadifficultquestion.Myopinionisthattheowner’sinterestsshouldalwaysbeprioritized.Butyouknow,sometimestheMasterisunderheavypressurefromboththeownerandthecharterer.Myexperienceisthatthecharterer’sinterestsshouldbetakegoodcareofwithouthurtingtheinterestsoftheownerandthecrew.船長(zhǎng)可以根據(jù)自身的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和體會(huì)來(lái)組織這個(gè)問(wèn)題的答案。但一般而言，船東希望能和租船公司建立良好的關(guān)系，又能維護(hù)船東的利益。因?yàn)榇L(zhǎng)拿的是船東的工資，但船東拿的是客戶（租家）的錢。Whatdoyouknowabouttheinternalandexternalaudit?Duringtheinternalaudit,howwillyoucooperatewiththeauditors?Usually,theinternalauditiscarriedoutonceortwiceayearinaccordancewiththeowner’sSMSmanuals.ItisunderthechargeoftheDesignatedPerson(DP),oratthediscretionoftheDP.Afterreceivingauditnoticefromthecompany,theMastershouldholdapre-auditmeetingwiththeofficersandengineersafterreceivingtheauditnotice.TheMastershouldmakesurethebestcooperationisprovidedtotheauditorsofthecompanyandthedocumentstobeauditedarewellprepared.TheexternalauditiscarriedoutbytheprofessionalauditorsfromtheClass.Ifmajornon-conformities,non-conformitiesandobservationsarefoundeitherintheinternalorexternalaudit,theshipshouldmakerectificationinthestipulatedtime.Canyoubrieflydescribethehand-overprocedurebetweentheoutgoingMasterandtherelievingMaster?Usually,thehandoverprocedureisasfollows:First,theoutgoingMastershouldprepareahandoverreportasperthecompany’shandoverprocedureandchecklist.Second,theoutgoingMastershouldprepareahandovermemotobeattachedtothereport.Thefollowingshouldbethehighlightsinthehandoverprocedure:Documentation,communication(themeanstocontactallrelatedpersonsandcompanies),bridgeequipment,storesandaccount,personnel,shipmaintenanceandconditionsetc.Besides,itisalsoveryimportanttogivetherelievingMasteraclearideaofthepersonnel,thelocalagent,theportandsomeotherinformationthatarenotwritteninthechecklist.TrytofillinallthechecklistsatthepresenceofbothMasters.WhatistherelationshipbetweentheMasterandtheChiefEngineer?OrwhatkindofrelationshouldtheMasterandtheChiefEngineerhave?TheMasteristheNo.1leaderoftheship,responsibleforthewholevesselandtheChiefEngineerisonesubordinateoftheMaster.TheChiefEngineerisinfullchargeoftheenginedepartment.Inthemeantime,itisalsoimportantfortheMastertooffersupportandhelptotheChiefEngineerinhisimplementationofduties.Anyway,smoothcooperationandharmoniousrelationshipbetweentheMasterandtheChiefEngineerisveryimportanttothesafeoperationofthevessel.船長(zhǎng)和輪機(jī)長(zhǎng)的融洽關(guān)系非常重要，但船長(zhǎng)對(duì)船舶安全的絕對(duì)權(quán)威不能有任何折扣。船東希望船長(zhǎng)既能和輪機(jī)長(zhǎng)處好關(guān)系，又能夠樹立自己的管理權(quán)威。Whatshouldtheship’sNightOrdersinclude?HowoftendoyoupreparetheNightOrders?Dowell-preparedNightOrdersmeanyoucanhaveagoodsleep?Theship’sNightOrdersshouldincludesuchinformationassailingcourse,anti-collisionwarning,someprecautions,watchkeepingpoints,dangerouscargoorders,sailingwarninginspecialareasetc.TheMastershouldprepareaNightOrdereverynightbeforehegoestosleep.EvenIhavewellpreparednightorders,Ishallstillbeonhighalertwhenthevesselissailinginsomedangerousareas(i.e.areaswithlowvisibility,somenarrowstraits,alongtheseacoastandthependingarrivalattheport,etc.)這是一個(gè)船東非常關(guān)心的問(wèn)題，因?yàn)檫@涉及到船舶的行駛安全，船長(zhǎng)必須能熟練說(shuō)出。Whennewcrewscomeonboard,whattrainingwillyouoffertothem?First,Iwillgetthemfamiliarwiththewholevessel,includingtheequipment,thepersonnelanddocuments.Second,Iwillaskthemtogetfamiliarwiththeirrespectiveduties.Third,Iwillgetthemtrainedonthesafeoperationandemergencyproceduresandsoon.船上船員的培訓(xùn)既要符合國(guó)際規(guī)則的要求，也要符合公司體系文件的要求。此外，船長(zhǎng)也要根據(jù)具體情況安排相應(yīng)的培訓(xùn)內(nèi)容。Whatarethethreegradesofbulkcarriersaccordingtotheirsize?Generally,theyareclassifiedintothreetypes:Handysize,PanamaxsizeandCapesize.TheHandysizebulkerislessthan60,000tonsindeadweithttonnage.Thepanamaxsizebulkerisbetween60,000to70,000tons,usuallycarryingusualcargoessuchascoal,barxite(鋁土礦)，Borax(硼砂)，Cement,Grain,Tapioka,Copra(椰子肉),Pellet,LimeStoneandsoon.TheCapesizeismorethan80,000indeadweighttonnage,and106feetinbreadth,andthecargousuallycarriedbythistypeofabulkerareironore,pellet,andCoal.Howdoyouknowthattheseachartisup-to-date?HowdoyougetthelatestNoticetoMariner?Ineedtocheckthechartscorrectionlogandthechartsconcernedtomakesurethechartisupdated.NormallythecompanysendstheNoticetoMarinerperiodicallyandautomaticallytotheship.IwillsendarequisitiontothecompanyiftheNoticetoMarinerisnotbeingreceived.WhatistheDCPAduringpassage,infairways,inthestraitandinsideports?Atsea,theclosestpointofapproach(DCPA)istwomiles;inthestrait,theclosestpointofapproach(DCPA)istwomiles;inthestrait,theshortestdistancebetweenthetwoshipsisthenewcoursedistancebetweentwovesselsalsodependedonsuchfactorsasweathercondition,thesizesofthetwovesselsandsoon.Howdoyoutreattheenginebilgewater?Theenginebilgewatercanbynomeansbepumpedoutintotheseadirectly.Ifithastobepumpedout,itmustbeproperlytreatedthroughtheoilywaterseparator.Ifthereistoomuchenginebilgewater,theChiefEngineerwillreportittome.Iwillthenaskforinstructionsfromtheowner.Withtheowner’sapprovalandconfirmation,thebilgewatermaybetransferredintothefueloiltankoraskforshoreassistance.DoyouknowsomethingabouttheILO?WhatisILO147?DoyouhaveanyexperiencewithITF?Whatisyourpolicyindealingwiththemandwhatisyourcompany’spolicyindealingwiththem?TheILOistheInternationalLabourOrganizationandtheITFistheInternationalFederationforTransportWorkers.ILOConvention147istheMerchantShipping(MinimumStandards)Convention,1976(No.147)(andisProtocolof1996).ThisruleismadebytheInternationalLaborOrganizationConference.InthisConvention,theminimuminternationallyacceptablelaborstandardsrelatingtosafety,socialsecurity,andshipboardconditionsofemploymentandlivingarrangementstobeobservedinmerchantshippingregisteredunderanyflag.ItisveryimportanttotelltheseamennottoapproachtheITFpersonnelactively.TheMastershouldinstructhiscrewtoanswerthequestionsinaccordancewiththeshipowner’sandthemanningagent’sinstructionsiftheITFinspectorsapproachthevesselandtalkwiththecrew.TheMasterhimselfshouldknowverywellthecompany’spolicyindealingwiththeITF.Anyway,theMasterandhiscrewshoulddealwiththemverycautiouslysoastoavoidanypossibledisputesfortheshipowner.Asaemployeeoftheshipowner,themastershouldalwaysstandinthepositionoftheshipownerandthemanningagent.ILO和ITF是涉及到船員利益的兩個(gè)國(guó)際組織，船長(zhǎng)應(yīng)對(duì)此有粗略的了解。Whatshouldbridgeordersinclude?Whatarethecontentsofthestandingorderandwhatarenightorders?BridgeorderincludesStandingOrderandNightOrder.Themastershallincludethefollowingcontentsinthestandingorder:Mater’srequirementsfortheconductofwatchkeepingpersonnel;(1)Definethemaster’srequirementsonthedutiesofofficersonwatch;(2)Definethemaster’srequirementsfortheactionsincaseofemergencysituations;(3)Proceduresattimesofreducedvisibility;(4)SpecialrequirementswithregardtotheshipandThemastershallregularlyenterintotheBridgeOrderBook－nomatteratseaoratanchor.TheentryintheBridgeOrderBookshallincludetheinstructionsonthesafenavigationatthetimewhenthemasterintendstotakerest,aswellasanyothernecessaryinstructions.Thisshallinclude:(1)Abriefdescriptionofthenavigationalplanwithdetailsofthecoursetobefollowedandchartstobeused;(2)Pointswhichrequirespecialconsideration(strongcurrentscrosstrafficetc.)(3)Thetimeandpositionwhenthemasteristobecalledtothebridge;(4)Thepositionwheretheshiphastoreporttotrafficorportcontrol;(5)Thepositionwherethenoticehastobegiventoengineroom(onehournotice,standbyengineetc);(6)Detailsofanyotheractivitiesduringthenightperiod(cleaning,gasfreeing,watchonIGpressure,repairwork,launchcalls,etc).Themastershallfinishhisnightorderbeforeheisgoingtotakesleep.Normally,whatrankscannotberelievedforvacationtogether?Consideringtheoperationandsafetyofthevessel,normallythefollowingrankscannotberelievedtogether:TheMasterandtheChiefOfficer:TheChiefEngineerandtheFirstEngineer.TheChiefOfficershouldcompletethehandoverprocedureaftercompletionofcargooperationandrelateddocumentationunlessheisrelievedonsomeotheroccasionswherethereisnocargooperation.Besides,seniorengineersshouldnothandovertheirdutiesbeforeorwhenanymajorrepairormaintenanceworkisunderway.Therelievedengineersorofficersshouldpreparehandovernotestotherelievingpersonnel.CopiesoftheMasterandChiefEngineer’shandovernotesshouldbesenttothecompanyforfiling.TheChiefEngineer’shandovernotesshouldbeverifiedandsignedbytheMaster.Whatranksshouldnotbeallowedtohaveshoreleaveatthesametime?Inviewofthejobsonboard,thefollowingpositionsandrankscannotbeallowedtohaveshoreleaveatthesametime:theMasterandtheChiefOfficer;theChiefEngineerandtheFirstEngineer;theChiefEngineerandElectrician;theBosunandPumpman(intankers);theChiefCookandSecondCook(ormessboy);theChiefOfficerandPumpman(intankers).Anycrewwhowantstohaveshoreleavemustcheckwiththedepartmentheadforpermissionandreturntothevesselontime.Whatisthemaximumbloodalcoholconcentration(BAC)rateforcrewingonboard?AccordingtotheSTCW95,theBACshallnotbemorethan0.08%byweightanytimewhenbeingtested,buttheCFR(CodeofFederalRegulations)requirestheBACtobenomorethan0.04%.Watch-keepersarenotallowedtodrinkanyalcoholicbeverage4hoursbeforethewatch.公司的毒品和酒精管理政策是根據(jù)有關(guān)國(guó)家公約的規(guī)定制定的，船長(zhǎng)應(yīng)該熟知。Underheavyweatherconditions,whatpreparationsshouldyoumakebeforesailing?Duringheavyweatherconditions,theMastershouldmakethefollowingpreparations:(1)Ifpossible,selectaroutethatcanavoidtheheavyweatherarea;(2)Informthecrewofthepredictedheavyweatherandissueawarning.Makesurethatthewarningisknowntoallcrewonboard;(3)InstructtheChiefOfficertocheckthehullstrengthbasedonstowagecalculation,cargoloadingandstabilitydocuments.Iftheshipisnotcarryingcargo,theMastershallballasttheshiptoincreasethedraughtandtakeactiontopreventpropellerracing,reduceoscillatingandslammingoftheship;(4)Makesurethefollowingholesareclosed:hatches,cargohold,Bosun’sstore,manhole;accessestoaccommodationspacesandsteeringgearroom;tankairpipes,soundingcaps;allwater-tightdoorsandwater-tightopeningsontheship;(5