必修4Unit4語(yǔ)法ving作定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)課件

GrammarV-ing的用法

一:V-ing形式由“do＋ing”構(gòu)成,其否定形式是“notdoing”,V-ing可以帶賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)構(gòu)成V-ing短語(yǔ),沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化,但有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化。GrammarV-ing形式語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般式完成式(not)doing(not)beingdone(not)havingdone(not)havingbeendoneV-ing形式在句中作定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)是本單元的學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)。1.作定語(yǔ)

V-ing形式可以單獨(dú)充當(dāng)名詞的前置修飾語(yǔ),這時(shí)有兩種情況。-ing形式表示“供作......之用”的意思,這類(lèi)作定語(yǔ)的-ing形式過(guò)去叫動(dòng)名詞。Aswimmingpool=apoolforswimmingAsleepingcar=acarforsleeping2)

-ing形式表示“......的”意思,過(guò)去叫現(xiàn)在分詞,作定語(yǔ)表示主動(dòng)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作.Asleepingchild=achildwhoissleeping

workingpeople=peoplewhoareworking

therisingsun=thesunthatisrising

注意:-ing形式短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)一般放在它所修飾的名詞之后,相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。如:Theyarevisitorscomingfromseveralcountries.Theboystandingthereisaclassmateofmine.2.V-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)1.現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)必須是句子的主語(yǔ),分詞必須和句中的主語(yǔ)含有邏輯

上的主謂關(guān)系,否則不能用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)。

但要注意它的各種形式變化:

e.g.Hearingthebell,thestudentsbegantoentertheclassroom.聽(tīng)見(jiàn)鈴聲,學(xué)生們開(kāi)始走進(jìn)教室。(聽(tīng)見(jiàn)和進(jìn)入兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生)

Thebuildingbeingbuiltnowisournewlibrary.現(xiàn)在正在建造的這棟樓房室我們的新圖書(shū)館。

(beingbuilt為現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)形式,表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行之中)完成了工作,他就回家了。_____________________________________.Havingfinishedthework,hewenthome.2.現(xiàn)在分詞在句中作狀語(yǔ),修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或整個(gè)句子,表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的原因、時(shí)間、方式、結(jié)果、條件、伴隨狀況等。現(xiàn)在分詞一般不用作表目的的狀語(yǔ)(通常用不定式表目的地狀語(yǔ))。Walkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.(=WhenIwaswalkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.)Waitingforthebus,hereadacopyofChinaDaily.(=Whilewaitingforthebus,hereadacopyofChinaDaily.)1)表時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)2)表原因狀語(yǔ)Beingill,hedidn’tgotoschool.(=ashewasill,hedidn’tgotoschool.)Beingastudent,youshouldstudyhard.(=Sinceyouareastudent,youshouldstudyhard.)既然你是一個(gè)學(xué)生,你就應(yīng)該努力學(xué)習(xí)。由于想到它或許在家,所以我就給他打了電話。Thinkinghemightbeathome,Icalledhim.(AsIthoughthemightbeathome,Icalledhim.)3)表方式、伴隨情況的狀語(yǔ):作伴隨狀語(yǔ)的分詞表示的動(dòng)作,必須是主語(yǔ)的一個(gè)動(dòng)作,或是與謂語(yǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作(或狀態(tài))同時(shí)發(fā)生,或是對(duì)謂語(yǔ)表示的動(dòng)詞(或狀態(tài))作進(jìn)一步地補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。e.g.Hesatonthesofa,watchingTV.(=Hesatonthesofa,andwatchedTV.)他們笑著談著走進(jìn)了教室。_____________________,theywentintotheclassroom.他斜靠(lean)著墻站著。Hestoodleaningagainstthewall.(＝Hestoodandleanedagainstthewall.)Laughingandtalking4)表結(jié)果e.g.Hermotherdiedin1990,leavingherwithheryoungerbrother.(=Hermotherdiedin1990,andleftherwithheryoungerbrother.)全國(guó)到處在傳唱這首歌曲,使它成了一首最受歡迎的歌曲。Thesongissungalloverthecountry,________________________________.makingitthemostpopularsong5)表?xiàng)l件Usingyourhead,youwillfindaway.(=Ifyouuseyourhead,youwillfindaway.)一直往前走,你就會(huì)看到一座白色地房子。______________,youwillseeawhitehouse.Walkingahead6)與邏輯主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格:

Iwaitingforthebus,abirdfellonmyheard．我等汽車(chē)時(shí),一只鳥(niǎo)落到我頭上。

Alltheticketshavingbeensoldout,theywentawaydisappointedly.所有的票已經(jīng)賣(mài)光了,他們失望地離開(kāi)了。

Timepermitting,we'lldoanothertwoexercises.如果時(shí)間允許,我們將做另兩個(gè)練習(xí)。有時(shí)也可用with(without)+名詞(代詞賓格)+分詞形式。Withthelightsburning,hefellasleep.他點(diǎn)著燈睡著了。7)作獨(dú)立成分:Judgingfrom(by)hisappearance,hemustbeanactor.從外表看,他一定是個(gè)演員。Generallyspeaking,girlsaremorecareful.1.WhenheapproachedMsSmith,hetouchedhershoulderandkissedher._________________MsSmith,hetouchedhershoulderandkissedher.Rewritethefollowingsentences.Whenapproaching2.Thepersonwhoistranslatingthesongscanspeaksevenlanguages.Theperson__________________canspeaksevenlanguages.translatingthesongs3.Theboystandingthereisreadingabookaboutbodylanguage.Theboy______________thereisreadingabookaboutbodylanguage.whoisstanding4.BecausehecomesfromJordan,hemovesclosetoaskyouaquestion.____________Jordan,hemovesclosetoaskyouaquestion.Comingfrom5.Shesatatthedeskanddidherhomework.Shesatatthedesk____________________.doingherhomework1.Havingnotseenthefilm,Ican’ttellyouwhatIthinkofit.2.Themenworkedforextrahoursgotanextrapay.3.Seenfromthetopofthehill,wefindthecitymorebeautiful.4.Generallyspeak,facialexpressionsarehelpfulcommunications,too.NothavingworkingSeeingspeaking單句改錯(cuò)5.“Can’tyouread?”themansaid,angrilypointedtothenoticeonthewall.6.Knockingatthedoorbeforeentering,please.7.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,madeitthemostpopularsportintheworld.pointingKnockmaking1.Thestrangersaidsomethingina_______voiceandthelittlegirlwasverymuch________A.frightening,frightenedB.frightened,frighteningC.frightening,frighteningD.frightened,frightenedChoosethebestanswer.2.________thepiano,someonesuddenlyknockedatthedoor.A.PlayingB.WhenIwasplayingC.RepairingD.Examining3.Mothercaughttheboy______inthecorner.A.smokeB.tosmokeC.beingsmokedD.smoking4.______theprogramme,theyhavetostaythereforanother2weeks..A.NotcompletingB.NotcompletedC.NothavingcompletedD.Havingnotcompleted5.“Wecan’tgooutinthisweather”,saidBob,____outofthewindow.A.lookingB.tolookC.lookedD.havinglooked6.Though_____money,hisparentsmanagedtosendhimtouniversity.A.lackedB.lackingofC.lackingD.lackedin7.Thebell_______theendoftheperiodrang,______ourheateddiscussion.A.indicating;interruptingB.indicated;interruptingC.indicating;interruptedD.indicated;interrupted8._______suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.A.HavingsufferedB.SufferingC.TosufferD.Suffered9.Helookedaroundandcaughtaman______hishandintothepocketofapassenger.A.putB.tobeputtingC.toputD.putting10.Suddenly,atallmandrivingagoldencarriage_____thegirlandtookheraway,____intothewoods.A.seizing;disappearedB.seized;disappearedC.seizing;disappearingD.seized;disappearing11.______inthequeueofhalfanhour.Tomsuddenlyrealizedthathehadlefthiswalletathome.A.TowaitB.HavewaitedC.HavingwaitedD.Tohavewaited12.Thepicture_____onthewallispaintedbymynephew.A.HavinghungB.hangingC.hangsD.beinghung13.Generallyspeaking,______accordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.A.whentakingB.whentakenC.whentotakeD.whentobetaken高考題再現(xiàn):

1.Itrainedheavilyinthesouth，__________seriousfloodinginseveralprovinces.（2010天津）

A.causedB.havingcausedC.causingD.tocause

2._________atmyclassmates'faces,Ireadthesameexcitementintheireyes.（2010北京）