畢加索英文介紹課件

PabloPicassoBy:PhyliciaApplingEarlyYearsPabloPicassowasbornonOctober25,1881inMalaga,Spain.HestartedpaintinganddrawingataveryyoungagePicasso’sfatherJoséRuizyBlascowasalsoapainterhimselfandrecognizedPablo’stalentathisyoungage.

Picasso'sfirstpaintingatage8,Picador(1889).Pablo’sfathertaughthimthebasicsofformalandacademicarttraining.Itinvolvedfiguredrawingandpaintinginoil.Picassoattendedmanyartschoolsduringhischildhood,manythoseofwherehisfathertaughtHeneverfinishedhisstudiesattheAcademyofArtsinMadrid,droppingoutafteronlyayearIntheearlyyearsofthetwentiethcentury,Picasso,stillastrugglingyouth,beganalongtermrelationshipwithFernandeOlivier.ItisshewhoappearsinmanyoftheRoseperiodpaintings.Aftergarneringfameandsomefortune,PicassoleftOlivierforMarcelleHumbert,whomPicassocalledEva.PicassoincludeddeclarationsofhisloveforEvainmanyCubistworks.Humbertwasdiagnosedwithcancerandduringherrapiddeterioration,Picassoadministeredtohereveryneed,makingdailytripsacrossParistovisitherinthehospital.In1918,PicassomarriedOlgaKhoklova,aballerinawithSergeiDiaghilev'stroupe,forwhomPicassowasdesigningaballet,Parade,inRome.KhoklovaintroducedPicassotohighsociety,formaldinnerparties,andallthesocialnicetiesattendantonthelifeoftherichin1920sParis.Thetwohadason,Paulo,whowouldgrowuptobeadissolutemotorcycleracerandchauffeurtohisfather.RosePeriodIn1905-6,Picasso'spalettebegantolightenconsiderably,bringinginadistinctivebeigeor"rose"tone.Thesubjectmatteralsoislessdepressing.HerearethefirstappearancesbythecircusperformersandclownsthatwillpopulatePicasso'spaintingsatvariousstagesthroughtherestofhislongcareer.“GirlinChemise”1905“TwoYouths”1905BluePeriodShortlyaftermovingtoParisfromBarcelona,Picassobegantoproduceworksthatweresuffusedinblue.Thisparticularpigmentiseffectiveinconveyingasombretone.ThepsychologicaltriggerforthesedepressingpaintingswasthesuicideofPicasso'sfriendCasagemas.TheBluePeriodworkisquitesentimental,butwemustkeepinmindthatPicassowasstillinhislateteens,awayfromhomeforthefirsttime,andlivinginverypoorconditions.“LeGourmet”1901“TheTragedy”1903CubismPeriodInlate1906,Picassostartedtopaintinatrulyrevolutionarymanner.InspiredbyCézanne'sflatteneddepictionofspace,andworkingalongsidehisfriendGeorgesBraque,hebegantoexpressspaceinstronglygeometricalterms.TheseinitialeffortsatdevelopingthisalmostsculpturalsenseofspaceinpaintingarethebeginningsofCubism“SelfPortraitwithPalette”1906“Violin&Guitar”BetweentheWarsThecollaborationbetweenPicassoandBraquewasendedbytheFirstWorldWar.Afterthewar,Picasso,reflectingsociety'sdisillusionmentandshockwiththetechnologicalhorrorsofthewar,revertedtoaClassicistmodeofrepresentation.Atthesametime,however,hewascontinuingtopushCubismintonewpaths.Duringthe'30sPicassobecametangentiallyconnectedwiththeSurrealistmovement.AlthoughAndreBretontriedtorecruitPicasso,heremainedultimatelyalooffromanyschoolofartthroughouthiscareerPicassotheLegendBythelate'30s,Picassowasthemostfamousartistintheworld.HewascalledupontodepictthebrutalityoffascistaggressionintheSpanishCivilWarwithhismonumental"Guernica".Manyotherpaintingsfromthisperiodreflectthehorrorofwar,butthereisaconsistentdepictionofpersonalinterestaswell.ThewomeninPicasso'slifehadamajorimpactonhisartisticproduction,andsomeofthebestexamplesarefromthisperiod.Picasso’sLateWorksInthelasttwodecadesofhislongcareer,Picassoproducedmoreworkthanatanyothertimeofhislife.Duringthisperiod,someworksarenotonlydatedbymonthandday,butwithanumeral(I,II,III,etc.)indicatingmultipleworkscreatedthatsingleday!Thislateperiodtendstobeoverlooked,butcontainssomeofthefinestofPicasso'spaintings.SomecriticsmaintainPicassowascreativelylazyatthispoint,butacloselookattheworkisveryrewarding.Hehadachievedalevelofeffortlessartisticexpressionthat,Ibelieve,hasstillnotbeenfullyappreciatedaftermorethan25years.RegardlessofyourpositiononPicasso'spersonalandartisticlife,eachofuscan,inviewofourownmortality,beawedbyhisfinalself-portrait.ThroughoutPicasso'slifetime,hisworkwasexhibitedoncountlessoccasions.Mostunusual,however,wasthe1971exhibitionattheLouvre,inParis,honoringhimonhis90thbirthday;untilthen,livingartistshadnotbeenshownthere.In1980amajorretrospectiveshowingofhisworkwasheldattheMuseumofModernArtinNewYorkCity.PicassodiedinhisvillaNotre-Dame-de-VienearMouginsonApril8,1973.BibliographyEncyclopaediaBritannica,1994andEncarta1999.

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