《英語（二）》全國高等教育自學(xué)考試模擬試卷一

《英語（二）》全國高等教育自學(xué)考試模擬試卷一[問答題]1.請根據(jù)所提供材料中的要求撰寫一篇150詞左右的英語短文。Acomp（江南博哥）anyisrecruitingnewemployees.Writealetterapplyingforapositionasanassistantaccountant.Inyourletter,pleaseincludethefollowinginformation:1)thepositionyouapplyfor;2)yourworkexperience;3)thereasonforleavingthepresentcompany;4)thediveatmentyouexpecttogetfromthenewcompany.Donotsignyournameattheendofyourletter.Use"WangLin"instead.Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress.參考答案：ApplicationLetterDearSir,Iwishtoapplyforapositionwithyourcompanyasanassistantaccountant.Iamtwenty-sixyearsoldandatpresentemployedbytheIslandCompany,whereIhavebeenforthepasttwoyears.FormerlyIwasemployedbyGlobalExportCo.,whereIstayednearlythreeyears.MyonlyreasonforleavingeitherofthesepositionswouldbetobettermyselfandIfeelthereisnofutureopportunityinmypresentposition.Iwishtoserveinalargecompanylikeyourswhichcanprovidemewithampleopportunitiestolearnnewthings.IcangiveyoureferencesfromboththesefirmsIworkedinastomycharacterandabilityasanaccountant.Mypresentsalaryis$2,600amonthandIwouldnotcaretoacceptlessinanotherposition,providedthereisanopportunityforadvancement,butIamwillingtostartatthesamesalary.Yoursfaithfully,WangLin共享題干題下面的短文后列出了10個(gè)句子，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對每個(gè)句子作出判斷：如果該句提供的是正確信息，選擇A；如果該句提供的是錯(cuò)誤信息，選擇B；如果該句的信息文中沒有提及，選擇C。TheFirstSettlementinNorthAmericaItisverydifficulttosayjustwhencolonization（殖民）began.ThefirsthundredyearsafterChristopherColumbus'sjourneyofdiscoveryin1492didnotproduceanysettlementontheNorthAmericacontinentbutrathersomeSpanishdivadingpostsinSouthAmerica,agreatinterestingoldandadventure,andsomecolorfulcrimesinwhichtheEnglishhadtheirpart.JohnCabot,originallyfromGenoabutacitizenofVenice,wasestablishedasadivaderinBristol,England,whenhemadeajourneyin1497.Buthisship,theMatthew,withitscrewofeighteen,didnomorethanseeanisland(probablyofftheNewEnglandcoast)andreturnhome.HeandhissonmadefurthervoyagesacrossthenorthAtlanticwhichenabledtheEnglishcrowntoclaima"legal"titletoNorthAmerica.ButforalongtimeafterwardstheEuropeans'interestinAmericawasmainlyconfinedtotheSpanishactivitiesfurthersouth.ThefirstbeginningofpermanentsettlementinNorthAmericawasnearlyahundredyearsafterColumbus'sfirstvoyage.TheEnglishmanSirWalterRaleighclaimedthewholeofNorthAmericaforEngland,callingitVirginia.In1585hesentasmallgroupofpeoplewholandedinRoanokeIsland,buttheystayedonlyforayearandthenwentbacktoEnglandwithanotherexpedition,ledbyDrake,in1587.Asecondgroupwholandedin1587hadalldisappearedwhenafurtherexpeditionarrivedin1590.ThefirstpermanentsettlementinNorthAmericawasin1607.EnglishcapitalistsfoundedtwoVirginiacompanies,asouthernonebasedinLondonandanorthernonebasedinBristol.ItwasdecidedtogivethenameNewEnglandtothenorthernarea.ThefirstsettlersinVirginiawerelittle,morethanwageslavestothecompany.Allweremenandtheexperimentwasnotverysuccessful.Manydied.Thosewhosurvivedlivedinmiserableconditions.By1619thecolonyhadonlyathousandpeople.[單選題]1.Weknowforsurethatcolonizationbeganattheendofthe15thcentury.()A.TrueB.FalseC.NotGiven參考答案：B參考解析：根據(jù)原文第一段第一句話，殖民活動(dòng)究竟是什么時(shí)候開始的很難講清楚。TheFirstSettlementinNorthAmericaItisverydifficulttosayjustwhencolonization（殖民）began.ThefirsthundredyearsafterChristopherColumbus'sjourneyofdiscoveryin1492didnotproduceanysettlementontheNorthAmericacontinentbutrathersomeSpanishdivadingpostsinSouthAmerica,agreatinterestingoldandadventure,andsomecolorfulcrimesinwhichtheEnglishhadtheirpart.JohnCabot,originallyfromGenoabutacitizenofVenice,wasestablishedasadivaderinBristol,England,whenhemadeajourneyin1497.Buthisship,theMatthew,withitscrewofeighteen,didnomorethanseeanisland(probablyofftheNewEnglandcoast)andreturnhome.HeandhissonmadefurthervoyagesacrossthenorthAtlanticwhichenabledtheEnglishcrowntoclaima"legal"titletoNorthAmerica.ButforalongtimeafterwardstheEuropeans'interestinAmericawasmainlyconfinedtotheSpanishactivitiesfurthersouth.ThefirstbeginningofpermanentsettlementinNorthAmericawasnearlyahundredyearsafterColumbus'sfirstvoyage.TheEnglishmanSirWalterRaleighclaimedthewholeofNorthAmericaforEngland,callingitVirginia.In1585hesentasmallgroupofpeoplewholandedinRoanokeIsland,buttheystayedonlyforayearandthenwentbacktoEnglandwithanotherexpedition,ledbyDrake,in1587.Asecondgroupwholandedin1587hadalldisappearedwhenafurtherexpeditionarrivedin1590.ThefirstpermanentsettlementinNorthAmericawasin1607.EnglishcapitalistsfoundedtwoVirginiacompanies,asouthernonebasedinLondonandanorthernonebasedinBristol.ItwasdecidedtogivethenameNewEnglandtothenorthernarea.ThefirstsettlersinVirginiawerelittle,morethanwageslavestothecompany.Allweremenandtheexperimentwasnotverysuccessful.Manydied.Thosewhosurvivedlivedinmiserableconditions.By1619thecolonyhadonlyathousandpeople.[單選題]2.AmongtheearlysettlersinSouthAmericainthe16thcenturywereSpanishdivaders.()A.TrueB.FalseC.NotGiven參考答案：A參考解析：根據(jù)原文第一段第二句話中的"someSpanishtradingpostsinSouthAmerica"，可推知最早在南美有一些西班牙人的貿(mào)易據(jù)點(diǎn)。TheFirstSettlementinNorthAmericaItisverydifficulttosayjustwhencolonization（殖民）began.ThefirsthundredyearsafterChristopherColumbus'sjourneyofdiscoveryin1492didnotproduceanysettlementontheNorthAmericacontinentbutrathersomeSpanishdivadingpostsinSouthAmerica,agreatinterestingoldandadventure,andsomecolorfulcrimesinwhichtheEnglishhadtheirpart.JohnCabot,originallyfromGenoabutacitizenofVenice,wasestablishedasadivaderinBristol,England,whenhemadeajourneyin1497.Buthisship,theMatthew,withitscrewofeighteen,didnomorethanseeanisland(probablyofftheNewEnglandcoast)andreturnhome.HeandhissonmadefurthervoyagesacrossthenorthAtlanticwhichenabledtheEnglishcrowntoclaima"legal"titletoNorthAmerica.ButforalongtimeafterwardstheEuropeans'interestinAmericawasmainlyconfinedtotheSpanishactivitiesfurthersouth.ThefirstbeginningofpermanentsettlementinNorthAmericawasnearlyahundredyearsafterColumbus'sfirstvoyage.TheEnglishmanSirWalterRaleighclaimedthewholeofNorthAmericaforEngland,callingitVirginia.In1585hesentasmallgroupofpeoplewholandedinRoanokeIsland,buttheystayedonlyforayearandthenwentbacktoEnglandwithanotherexpedition,ledbyDrake,in1587.Asecondgroupwholandedin1587hadalldisappearedwhenafurtherexpeditionarrivedin1590.ThefirstpermanentsettlementinNorthAmericawasin1607.EnglishcapitalistsfoundedtwoVirginiacompanies,asouthernonebasedinLondonandanorthernonebasedinBristol.ItwasdecidedtogivethenameNewEnglandtothenorthernarea.ThefirstsettlersinVirginiawerelittle,morethanwageslavestothecompany.Allweremenandtheexperimentwasnotverysuccessful.Manydied.Thosewhosurvivedlivedinmiserableconditions.By1619thecolonyhadonlyathousandpeople.[單選題]3.WithJohnCabot'sarrivalatanislandofftheNewEnglandcoastin1497,theBritishCrownclaimedtobethelegalownerofNorthAmerica.()A.TrueB.FalseC.NotGiven參考答案：B參考解析：根據(jù)原文第一段第三句到第五句，JohnCabot在1497年只是到達(dá)了新英格蘭附近的一個(gè)島上，而他和他兒子后來的航行才讓英國皇室宣布對北美擁有合法權(quán)。TheFirstSettlementinNorthAmericaItisverydifficulttosayjustwhencolonization（殖民）began.ThefirsthundredyearsafterChristopherColumbus'sjourneyofdiscoveryin1492didnotproduceanysettlementontheNorthAmericacontinentbutrathersomeSpanishdivadingpostsinSouthAmerica,agreatinterestingoldandadventure,andsomecolorfulcrimesinwhichtheEnglishhadtheirpart.JohnCabot,originallyfromGenoabutacitizenofVenice,wasestablishedasadivaderinBristol,England,whenhemadeajourneyin1497.Buthisship,theMatthew,withitscrewofeighteen,didnomorethanseeanisland(probablyofftheNewEnglandcoast)andreturnhome.HeandhissonmadefurthervoyagesacrossthenorthAtlanticwhichenabledtheEnglishcrowntoclaima"legal"titletoNorthAmerica.ButforalongtimeafterwardstheEuropeans'interestinAmericawasmainlyconfinedtotheSpanishactivitiesfurthersouth.ThefirstbeginningofpermanentsettlementinNorthAmericawasnearlyahundredyearsafterColumbus'sfirstvoyage.TheEnglishmanSirWalterRaleighclaimedthewholeofNorthAmericaforEngland,callingitVirginia.In1585hesentasmallgroupofpeoplewholandedinRoanokeIsland,buttheystayedonlyforayearandthenwentbacktoEnglandwithanotherexpedition,ledbyDrake,in1587.Asecondgroupwholandedin1587hadalldisappearedwhenafurtherexpeditionarrivedin1590.ThefirstpermanentsettlementinNorthAmericawasin1607.EnglishcapitalistsfoundedtwoVirginiacompanies,asouthernonebasedinLondonandanorthernonebasedinBristol.ItwasdecidedtogivethenameNewEnglandtothenorthernarea.ThefirstsettlersinVirginiawerelittle,morethanwageslavestothecompany.Allweremenandtheexperimentwasnotverysuccessful.Manydied.Thosewhosurvivedlivedinmiserableconditions.By1619thecolonyhadonlyathousandpeople.[單選題]4.TherewereeighteenpeopleonboardtheMatthewduringitsvoyagetoNorthAmericain1497.()A.TrueB.FalseC.NotGiven參考答案：A參考解析：根據(jù)原文第一段第六行，船上共18人。TheFirstSettlementinNorthAmericaItisverydifficulttosayjustwhencolonization（殖民）began.ThefirsthundredyearsafterChristopherColumbus'sjourneyofdiscoveryin1492didnotproduceanysettlementontheNorthAmericacontinentbutrathersomeSpanishdivadingpostsinSouthAmerica,agreatinterestingoldandadventure,andsomecolorfulcrimesinwhichtheEnglishhadtheirpart.JohnCabot,originallyfromGenoabutacitizenofVenice,wasestablishedasadivaderinBristol,England,whenhemadeajourneyin1497.Buthisship,theMatthew,withitscrewofeighteen,didnomorethanseeanisland(probablyofftheNewEnglandcoast)andreturnhome.HeandhissonmadefurthervoyagesacrossthenorthAtlanticwhichenabledtheEnglishcrowntoclaima"legal"titletoNorthAmerica.ButforalongtimeafterwardstheEuropeans'interestinAmericawasmainlyconfinedtotheSpanishactivitiesfurthersouth.ThefirstbeginningofpermanentsettlementinNorthAmericawasnearlyahundredyearsafterColumbus'sfirstvoyage.TheEnglishmanSirWalterRaleighclaimedthewholeofNorthAmericaforEngland,callingitVirginia.In1585hesentasmallgroupofpeoplewholandedinRoanokeIsland,buttheystayedonlyforayearandthenwentbacktoEnglandwithanotherexpedition,ledbyDrake,in1587.Asecondgroupwholandedin1587hadalldisappearedwhenafurtherexpeditionarrivedin1590.ThefirstpermanentsettlementinNorthAmericawasin1607.EnglishcapitalistsfoundedtwoVirginiacompanies,asouthernonebasedinLondonandanorthernonebasedinBristol.ItwasdecidedtogivethenameNewEnglandtothenorthernarea.ThefirstsettlersinVirginiawerelittle,morethanwageslavestothecompany.Allweremenandtheexperimentwasnotverysuccessful.Manydied.Thosewhosurvivedlivedinmiserableconditions.By1619thecolonyhadonlyathousandpeople.[單選題]5.ThefirstattemptmadebyEuropeanpeopletosettledownpermanentlyinNorthAmericaoccurredinthe1580s.()A.TrueB.FalseC.NotGiven參考答案：A參考解析：根據(jù)原文第二段，SirWalterRaleigh陸續(xù)在1585年和1587年派遣人員來北美定居，盡管最后都離開了，但這是最早的永久定居的嘗試，注意題干中的"attempt"一詞。TheFirstSettlementinNorthAmericaItisverydifficulttosayjustwhencolonization（殖民）began.ThefirsthundredyearsafterChristopherColumbus'sjourneyofdiscoveryin1492didnotproduceanysettlementontheNorthAmericacontinentbutrathersomeSpanishdivadingpostsinSouthAmerica,agreatinterestingoldandadventure,andsomecolorfulcrimesinwhichtheEnglishhadtheirpart.JohnCabot,originallyfromGenoabutacitizenofVenice,wasestablishedasadivaderinBristol,England,whenhemadeajourneyin1497.Buthisship,theMatthew,withitscrewofeighteen,didnomorethanseeanisland(probablyofftheNewEnglandcoast)andreturnhome.HeandhissonmadefurthervoyagesacrossthenorthAtlanticwhichenabledtheEnglishcrowntoclaima"legal"titletoNorthAmerica.ButforalongtimeafterwardstheEuropeans'interestinAmericawasmainlyconfinedtotheSpanishactivitiesfurthersouth.ThefirstbeginningofpermanentsettlementinNorthAmericawasnearlyahundredyearsafterColumbus'sfirstvoyage.TheEnglishmanSirWalterRaleighclaimedthewholeofNorthAmericaforEngland,callingitVirginia.In1585hesentasmallgroupofpeoplewholandedinRoanokeIsland,buttheystayedonlyforayearandthenwentbacktoEnglandwithanotherexpedition,ledbyDrake,in1587.Asecondgroupwholandedin1587hadalldisappearedwhenafurtherexpeditionarrivedin1590.ThefirstpermanentsettlementinNorthAmericawasin1607.EnglishcapitalistsfoundedtwoVirginiacompanies,asouthernonebasedinLondonandanorthernonebasedinBristol.ItwasdecidedtogivethenameNewEnglandtothenorthernarea.ThefirstsettlersinVirginiawerelittle,morethanwageslavestothecompany.Allweremenandtheexperimentwasnotverysuccessful.Manydied.Thosewhosurvivedlivedinmiserableconditions.By1619thecolonyhadonlyathousandpeople.[單選題]6.ThenameVirginiawasgiventoNorthAmericabySirWalterRaleigh.()A.TrueB.FalseC.NotGiven參考答案：A參考解析：根據(jù)原文第二段第二句話SirWalterRaleigh給北美取名為Virginia，并宣布整個(gè)北美屬于英國。TheFirstSettlementinNorthAmericaItisverydifficulttosayjustwhencolonization（殖民）began.ThefirsthundredyearsafterChristopherColumbus'sjourneyofdiscoveryin1492didnotproduceanysettlementontheNorthAmericacontinentbutrathersomeSpanishdivadingpostsinSouthAmerica,agreatinterestingoldandadventure,andsomecolorfulcrimesinwhichtheEnglishhadtheirpart.JohnCabot,originallyfromGenoabutacitizenofVenice,wasestablishedasadivaderinBristol,England,whenhemadeajourneyin1497.Buthisship,theMatthew,withitscrewofeighteen,didnomorethanseeanisland(probablyofftheNewEnglandcoast)andreturnhome.HeandhissonmadefurthervoyagesacrossthenorthAtlanticwhichenabledtheEnglishcrowntoclaima"legal"titletoNorthAmerica.ButforalongtimeafterwardstheEuropeans'interestinAmericawasmainlyconfinedtotheSpanishactivitiesfurthersouth.ThefirstbeginningofpermanentsettlementinNorthAmericawasnearlyahundredyearsafterColumbus'sfirstvoyage.TheEnglishmanSirWalterRaleighclaimedthewholeofNorthAmericaforEngland,callingitVirginia.In1585hesentasmallgroupofpeoplewholandedinRoanokeIsland,buttheystayedonlyforayearandthenwentbacktoEnglandwithanotherexpedition,ledbyDrake,in1587.Asecondgroupwholandedin1587hadalldisappearedwhenafurtherexpeditionarrivedin1590.ThefirstpermanentsettlementinNorthAmericawasin1607.EnglishcapitalistsfoundedtwoVirginiacompanies,asouthernonebasedinLondonandanorthernonebasedinBristol.ItwasdecidedtogivethenameNewEnglandtothenorthernarea.ThefirstsettlersinVirginiawerelittle,morethanwageslavestothecompany.Allweremenandtheexperimentwasnotverysuccessful.Manydied.Thosewhosurvivedlivedinmiserableconditions.By1619thecolonyhadonlyathousandpeople.[單選題]7.ThenameNewEnglandwasgiventothesouthernareaofNorthAmericabythebossofoneofthetwoVirginiacompanies.()A.TrueB.FalseC.NotGiven參考答案：B參考解析：根據(jù)原文第三段第三句話，NewEngland這個(gè)名字給了北方地區(qū)而不是南方地區(qū)。TheFirstSettlementinNorthAmericaItisverydifficulttosayjustwhencolonization（殖民）began.ThefirsthundredyearsafterChristopherColumbus'sjourneyofdiscoveryin1492didnotproduceanysettlementontheNorthAmericacontinentbutrathersomeSpanishdivadingpostsinSouthAmerica,agreatinterestingoldandadventure,andsomecolorfulcrimesinwhichtheEnglishhadtheirpart.JohnCabot,originallyfromGenoabutacitizenofVenice,wasestablishedasadivaderinBristol,England,whenhemadeajourneyin1497.Buthisship,theMatthew,withitscrewofeighteen,didnomorethanseeanisland(probablyofftheNewEnglandcoast)andreturnhome.HeandhissonmadefurthervoyagesacrossthenorthAtlanticwhichenabledtheEnglishcrowntoclaima"legal"titletoNorthAmerica.ButforalongtimeafterwardstheEuropeans'interestinAmericawasmainlyconfinedtotheSpanishactivitiesfurthersouth.ThefirstbeginningofpermanentsettlementinNorthAmericawasnearlyahundredyearsafterColumbus'sfirstvoyage.TheEnglishmanSirWalterRaleighclaimedthewholeofNorthAmericaforEngland,callingitVirginia.In1585hesentasmallgroupofpeoplewholandedinRoanokeIsland,buttheystayedonlyforayearandthenwentbacktoEnglandwithanotherexpedition,ledbyDrake,in1587.Asecondgroupwholandedin1587hadalldisappearedwhenafurtherexpeditionarrivedin1590.ThefirstpermanentsettlementinNorthAmericawasin1607.EnglishcapitalistsfoundedtwoVirginiacompanies,asouthernonebasedinLondonandanorthernonebasedinBristol.ItwasdecidedtogivethenameNewEnglandtothenorthernarea.ThefirstsettlersinVirginiawerelittle,morethanwageslavestothecompany.Allweremenandtheexperimentwasnotverysuccessful.Manydied.Thosewhosurvivedlivedinmiserableconditions.By1619thecolonyhadonlyathousandpeople.[單選題]8.SirWalterRaleighisacapitalist.()A.TrueB.FalseC.NotGiven參考答案：C參考解析：原文來提及此內(nèi)容。TheFirstSettlementinNorthAmericaItisverydifficulttosayjustwhencolonization（殖民）began.ThefirsthundredyearsafterChristopherColumbus'sjourneyofdiscoveryin1492didnotproduceanysettlementontheNorthAmericacontinentbutrathersomeSpanishdivadingpostsinSouthAmerica,agreatinterestingoldandadventure,andsomecolorfulcrimesinwhichtheEnglishhadtheirpart.JohnCabot,originallyfromGenoabutacitizenofVenice,wasestablishedasadivaderinBristol,England,whenhemadeajourneyin1497.Buthisship,theMatthew,withitscrewofeighteen,didnomorethanseeanisland(probablyofftheNewEnglandcoast)andreturnhome.HeandhissonmadefurthervoyagesacrossthenorthAtlanticwhichenabledtheEnglishcrowntoclaima"legal"titletoNorthAmerica.ButforalongtimeafterwardstheEuropeans'interestinAmericawasmainlyconfinedtotheSpanishactivitiesfurthersouth.ThefirstbeginningofpermanentsettlementinNorthAmericawasnearlyahundredyearsafterColumbus'sfirstvoyage.TheEnglishmanSirWalterRaleighclaimedthewholeofNorthAmericaforEngland,callingitVirginia.In1585hesentasmallgroupofpeoplewholandedinRoanokeIsland,buttheystayedonlyforayearandthenwentbacktoEnglandwithanotherexpedition,ledbyDrake,in1587.Asecondgroupwholandedin1587hadalldisappearedwhenafurtherexpeditionarrivedin1590.ThefirstpermanentsettlementinNorthAmericawasin1607.EnglishcapitalistsfoundedtwoVirginiacompanies,asouthernonebasedinLondonandanorthernonebasedinBristol.ItwasdecidedtogivethenameNewEnglandtothenorthernarea.ThefirstsettlersinVirginiawerelittle,morethanwageslavestothecompany.Allweremenandtheexperimentwasnotverysuccessful.Manydied.Thosewhosurvivedlivedinmiserableconditions.By1619thecolonyhadonlyathousandpeople.[單選題]9.ThefirstsettlersinVirginiawereallmale.()A.TrueB.FalseC.NotGiven參考答案：A參考解析：根據(jù)原文最后一段第四行"Allweremen"可知。TheFirstSettlementinNorthAmericaItisverydifficulttosayjustwhencolonization（殖民）began.ThefirsthundredyearsafterChristopherColumbus'sjourneyofdiscoveryin1492didnotproduceanysettlementontheNorthAmericacontinentbutrathersomeSpanishdivadingpostsinSouthAmerica,agreatinterestingoldandadventure,andsomecolorfulcrimesinwhichtheEnglishhadtheirpart.JohnCabot,originallyfromGenoabutacitizenofVenice,wasestablishedasadivaderinBristol,England,whenhemadeajourneyin1497.Buthisship,theMatthew,withitscrewofeighteen,didnomorethanseeanisland(probablyofftheNewEnglandcoast)andreturnhome.HeandhissonmadefurthervoyagesacrossthenorthAtlanticwhichenabledtheEnglishcrowntoclaima"legal"titletoNorthAmerica.ButforalongtimeafterwardstheEuropeans'interestinAmericawasmainlyconfinedtotheSpanishactivitiesfurthersouth.ThefirstbeginningofpermanentsettlementinNorthAmericawasnearlyahundredyearsafterColumbus'sfirstvoyage.TheEnglishmanSirWalterRaleighclaimedthewholeofNorthAmericaforEngland,callingitVirginia.In1585hesentasmallgroupofpeoplewholandedinRoanokeIsland,buttheystayedonlyforayearandthenwentbacktoEnglandwithanotherexpedition,ledbyDrake,in1587.Asecondgroupwholandedin1587hadalldisappearedwhenafurtherexpeditionarrivedin1590.ThefirstpermanentsettlementinNorthAmericawasin1607.EnglishcapitalistsfoundedtwoVirginiacompanies,asouthernonebasedinLondonandanorthernonebasedinBristol.ItwasdecidedtogivethenameNewEnglandtothenorthernarea.ThefirstsettlersinVirginiawerelittle,morethanwageslavestothecompany.Allweremenandtheexperimentwasnotverysuccessful.Manydied.Thosewhosurvivedlivedinmiserableconditions.By1619thecolonyhadonlyathousandpeople.[單選題]10.Thelivingconditionsofthefirstsettlerswerebad.()A.TrueB.FalseC.NotGiven參考答案：A參考解析：根據(jù)原文最后一段倒數(shù)第二行，活下來的人都生活在悲慘的(miserable)狀況下。閱讀下面短文，請從短文后所給各題的4個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C、D)中選出1個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。CellsandTemperatureCellscannotremainaliveoutsidecertainlimitsoftemperature,andmuchnarrowerlimitsmarktheboundariesofeffectivefunctioning.Enzyme（酶）systemsofmammalsandbirdsaremostefficientonlywithinanarrowrangearound37℃;adepartureofafewdegreesfromthisvalueseriouslyimpairstheirfunctioning.Eventhoughcellscansurvivewiderfluctuations,theintegratedactionsofbodilysystemsareimpaired.Otheranimalshaveawidertoleranceforchangesofbodilytemperature.Forcenturiesithasbeenrecognizedthatmammalsandbirdsdifferfromotheranimalsinthewaytheyregulatebodytemperatures.Waysofcharacterizingthedifferencehavebecomemoreaccurateandmeaningfulovertime,butpopularterminologystillreflectstheolddivisioninto"warm-blooded"and"cold-blooded"species;warm-bloodedincludedmammalsandbirds,whereasallothercreatureswereconsideredcold-blooded.Asmorespecieswerestudied,itbecameevidentthatthisclassificationwasinadequate.Afencelizardoradesertiguana（鬣蜥）－eachcold-blooded－usuallyhasabodytemperatureonlyadegreeortwobelowthatofhumansandsoisnotcold.Thereforethenextdistinctionwasmadebetweenanimalsthatmaintainaconstantbodytemperature,calledhomotherms（同溫動(dòng)物）,andthosewhosebodytemperaturevarieswiththeirenvironment,calledpoikilotherms（變溫動(dòng)物）.Butthisclassificationalsoprovedinadequate,becauseamongmammalstherearemanythatvarytheirbodytemperaturesduringhibernation.Furthermore,manyinvertebrates（無脊椎動(dòng)物）thatliveinthedepthsoftheoceanneverexperienceachangeinthechillofthedeepwater,andtheirbodytemperaturesremainconstant.Thecurrentdistinctionisbetweenanimalswhosebodytemperatureisregulatedchieflybyinternalmetabolicprocessesandthosewhosetemperatureisregulatedby,andwhogetmostoftheirheatfrom,theenvironment.Theformerarecalledendotherms（恒溫動(dòng)物）,andthelatterarecalledectotherms（外溫動(dòng)物）.Mostectothermsdoregulatetheirbodytemperature,andtheydosomainlybylocomotingtofavorablesitesorbychangingtheirexposuretoexternalsourcesofheat.Endotherms(mainlymammalsandbirds)alsoregulatetheirtemperaturebychoosingfavorableenvironments,butprimarilytheyregulatetheirtemperaturesbymakingavarietyofinternaladjustments.[單選題]11.Thepassagemainlydiscusses()A.bodytemperaturesofvariousanimalsB.thenewestresearchonmeasuringtemperatureC.methodsoftemperaturereductionD.theclassificationofanimalsbytemperatureregulation參考答案：D參考解析：主旨大意題。本題文本文主要討論了什么問題。從第二段和第三段的第一句可以看出，這兩段討論的都是如何劃分動(dòng)物的，而且這兩段中出現(xiàn)頻率最高的詞都與differ或distinction有關(guān)。第一段則出現(xiàn)了諸多有關(guān)溫度的語句。A只說到了主旨的一部分；B文中雖提到有關(guān)體溫測量的研究，但未說是最新研究；C說降溫的諸多方法，似乎也不妥當(dāng)。D的概括性最強(qiáng)，故選D。CellsandTemperatureCellscannotremainaliveoutsidecertainlimitsoftemperature,andmuchnarrowerlimitsmarktheboundariesofeffectivefunctioning.Enzyme（酶）systemsofmammalsandbirdsaremostefficientonlywithinanarrowrangearound37℃;adepartureofafewdegreesfromthisvalueseriouslyimpairstheirfunctioning.Eventhoughcellscansurvivewiderfluctuations,theintegratedactionsofbodilysystemsareimpaired.Otheranimalshaveawidertoleranceforchangesofbodilytemperature.Forcenturiesithasbeenrecognizedthatmammalsandbirdsdifferfromotheranimalsinthewaytheyregulatebodytemperatures.Waysofcharacterizingthedifferencehavebecomemoreaccurateandmeaningfulovertime,butpopularterminologystillreflectstheolddivisioninto"warm-blooded"and"cold-blooded"species;warm-bloodedincludedmammalsandbirds,whereasallothercreatureswereconsideredcold-blooded.Asmorespecieswerestudied,itbecameevidentthatthisclassificationwasinadequate.Afencelizardoradesertiguana（鬣蜥）－eachcold-blooded－usuallyhasabodytemperatureonlyadegreeortwobelowthatofhumansandsoisnotcold.Thereforethenextdistinctionwasmadebetweenanimalsthatmaintainaconstantbodytemperature,calledhomotherms（同溫動(dòng)物）,andthosewhosebodytemperaturevarieswiththeirenvironment,calledpoikilotherms（變溫動(dòng)物）.Butthisclassificationalsoprovedinadequate,becauseamongmammalstherearemanythatvarytheirbodytemperaturesduringhibernation.Furthermore,manyinvertebrates（無脊椎動(dòng)物）thatliveinthedepthsoftheoceanneverexperienceachangeinthechillofthedeepwater,andtheirbodytemperaturesremainconstant.Thecurrentdistinctionisbetweenanimalswhosebodytemperatur